国: シンガポール
言語: 英語
ソース: HSA (Health Sciences Authority)
TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE MONOHYDRATE EQV TIOTROPIUM
BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM SINGAPORE PTE. LTD.
Pending
18 mcg
CAPSULE
RESPIRATORY (INHALATION)
Prescription Only
BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM Pharma GmbH & Co.KG
2003-03-27
0251-08(SG) 20140221 SPIRIVA ABCD COMPOSITION 1 capsule for inhalation contains tiotropium 18 mcg equivalent to 22.5 mcg tiotropium bromide monohydrate (INN = tiotropium bromide) Excipients: lactose monohydrate (which contains milk protein) PROPERTIES Pharmacotherapeutic group: Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants, anticholinergics; ATC code: R03BB04 Tiotropium is a long-acting, specific antimuscarinic agent, in clinical medicine often called an anticholinergic. It has a similar affinity to the subtypes of muscarinic receptors M 1 to M 5 . In the airways, inhibition of M 3 -receptors at the smooth muscle results in relaxation. The competitive and reversible nature of antagonism was shown with human and animal origin receptors and isolated organ preparations. In non-clinical _in vitro_ as well as _in vivo_ studies bronchoprotective effects were dose- dependent and lasted longer than 24 hours. The long duration of effect is likely to be due to its very slow dissociation from M 3 -receptors, exhibiting a significantly longer dissociation half-life than that seen with ipratropium. As an N-quaternary anticholinergic tiotropium is topically (broncho-) selective when administered by inhalation, demonstrating an acceptable therapeutic range before giving rise to systemic anticholinergic effects. Dissociation from M 2 -receptors is faster than from M 3 , which in functional _in vitro_ studies, elicited (kinetically controlled) receptor subtype selectivity of M 3 over M 2 . The high potency and slow receptor dissociation found its clinical correlate in significant and long-acting bronchodilation in patients with COPD. The bronchodilation following inhalation of tiotropium is primarily a local effect (on the airways) not a systemic one. _ _ _CARDIAC ELECTR 完全なドキュメントを読む