LAMIVUDINE tablet, film coated

מדינה: ארצות הברית

שפה: אנגלית

מקור: NLM (National Library of Medicine)

מרכיב פעיל:

LAMIVUDINE (UNII: 2T8Q726O95) (LAMIVUDINE - UNII:2T8Q726O95)

זמין מ:

Apotex Corp.

INN (שם בינלאומי):

LAMIVUDINE

הרכב:

LAMIVUDINE 100 mg

מסלול נתינה (של תרופות):

ORAL

סוג מרשם:

PRESCRIPTION DRUG

סממני תרפויטית:

Lamivudine tablets (HBV) are indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with evidence of hepatitis B viral replication and active liver inflammation [see Clinical Studies (14.1, 14.2) ]. The following points should be considered when initiating therapy with lamivudine tablets (HBV): - Due to high rates of resistance development in treated patients, initiation of treatment with lamivudine tablets (HBV) should only be considered when the use of an alternative antiviral agent with a higher genetic barrier to resistance is not available or appropriate. - Lamivudine tablets (HBV) have not been evaluated in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or hepatitis delta virus. - Lamivudine tablets (HBV) have not been evaluated in liver transplant recipients or in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection with decompensated liver disease. Lamivudine tablets (HBV) are contraindicated in patients with a previous hypersensitivity reaction to lamivudine. Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to lamivudine during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) at 1-800-258-4263. Risk Summary Available data from the APR show no substantial difference in the risk of overall major birth defects for lamivudine compared with the background rate for major birth defects of 2.7% reported in the U.S. reference population of the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP). The APR uses the MACDP as a U.S. reference population for birth defects in the general population. The MACDP evaluates women and infants from a limited geographic area and does not include outcomes for births that occur at less than 20 weeks’ gestation. Of over 12,900 women exposed to lamivudine in the APR, less than 2% were HBV mono-infected. The majority of women exposed to lamivudine in the APR were HIV-1-infected and were treated with higher doses of lamivudine compared with HBV mono-infected women. In addition to lamivudine, HIV-1-infected women were also treated with other concomitant medications for HIV-1 infection [see Data]. The estimated rate of miscarriage for women exposed to lamivudine in the indicated population is unknown. The estimated background rate of miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies in the U.S. general population is 15% to 20%. Oral administration of lamivudine to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis resulted in embryolethality at systemic exposure (AUC) similar to the recommended clinical dose; however, no adverse developmental effects were observed with oral administration of lamivudine to pregnant rats during organogenesis at plasma concentrations (Cmax ) 60 times the recommended clinical dose [see Data] . Data Human Data Based on prospective reports from the APR of over 12,900 exposures to lamivudine during pregnancy resulting in live births (including over 5,400 exposed in the first trimester and over 7,500 exposed in the second/third trimester), there was no difference between the overall risk of birth defects with lamivudine compared with the background birth defect rate of 2.7% observed in the U.S. reference population of the MACDP.The prevalence of birth defects in live births was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.7% to 3.6%) following first trimester exposure to lamivudine-containing regimens and 2.9% (95% CI: 2.5% to 3.3%) following second/third trimester exposure to lamivudine-containing regimens. The pharmacokinetics of lamivudine in patients with HBV or HIV-1 infection and in healthy volunteers are similar at similar doses. Lamivudine pharmacokinetics were studied in pregnant women with HIV-1 infection during 2 clinical trials conducted in South Africa. The trials assessed pharmacokinetics in 16 women at 36 weeks gestation using 150 mg lamivudine twice daily (3 times the recommended daily dosage for HBV) with zidovudine, 10 women at 38 weeks gestation using 150 mg lamivudine twice daily (3 times the recommended daily dosage for HBV) with zidovudine, and 10 women at 38 weeks gestation using lamivudine 300 mg twice daily (6 times the recommended daily dosage for HBV) without other antiretrovirals. Lamivudine concentrations were generally similar in maternal, neonatal, and umbilical cord serum samples. In a subset of subjects, amniotic fluid specimens were collected following natural rupture of membranes and confirmed that lamivudine crosses the placenta in humans. Based on limited data at delivery, median (range) amniotic fluid concentrations of lamivudine were 3.9- (1.2- to 12.8-) fold greater compared with paired maternal serum concentrations (n = 8). Animal Data Lamivudine was administered orally to pregnant rats (at 90, 600, and 4,000 mg per kg per day) and rabbits (at 90, 300, and 1,000 mg per kg per day and at 15, 40, and 90 mg per kg per day) during organogenesis (on Gestation Days 7 through 16 [rat] and 8 through 20 [rabbit]). No evidence of fetal malformations due to lamivudine was observed in rats and rabbits at doses producing plasma concentrations (Cmax ) approximately 53 or more times higher than human exposure at the recommended daily dose. Evidence of early embryolethality in the absence of maternal toxicity was seen in the rabbit at systemic exposures (AUC) similar to those observed in humans, but there was no indication of this effect in the rat at plasma concentrations (Cmax ) 60 times higher than human exposure at the recommended daily dose. Studies in pregnant rats showed that lamivudine is transferred to the fetus through the placenta. In the fertility/pre­- and postnatal development study in rats, lamivudine was administered orally at doses of 180, 900, and 4,000 mg per kg per day (from prior to mating through postnatal Day 20). In the study, development of the offspring, including fertility and reproductive performance, was not affected by maternal administration of lamivudine at plasma concentrations (Cmax ) 104 times higher than human exposure. Risk Summary Lamivudine is present in human milk. There is no information available regarding lamivudine concentrations in milk from lactating women receiving lamivudine for treatment of HBV infection. However, in lactating women with HIV-1 infection being treated with lamivudine at 3 or 6 times the recommended daily dose for HBV, lamivudine concentrations in milk were similar to those observed in serum [see Data]. The lamivudine dose received by a breastfed infant of a mother being treated for HIV-1 infection was estimated to be approximately 6% of the recommended daily lamivudine dose for HBV in children over 2 years of age. There is no information available regarding the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant or on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for lamivudine tablets (HBV) and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from lamivudine or from the underlying maternal condition. Data In mothers with HIV receiving lamivudine monotherapy (300 mg twice daily [6 times the recommended daily dosage for HBV]) or combination therapy (150 mg lamivudine twice daily [3 times the recommended daily dosage for HBV] with 300 mg zidovudine twice daily), the median breast milk to plasma lamivudine concentration ratio was 0.6 to 3.3, and the estimated infant daily dose was approximately 6% of the recommended 3-mg-per-kg daily lamivudine dose for treatment of HBV in children over 2 years of age. In breastfed infants of mothers with HIV-1 infection receiving lamivudine therapy, the blood concentrations of lamivudine decreased after delivery and were undetectable at 6 months despite constant milk concentrations. This is consistent with increased lamivudine renal clearance in the first 6 months of life. Lamivudine tablets (HBV) is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in pediatric patients aged 2 to 17 years [see Indications and Usage (1) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) , Clinical Studies (14.2) ]. The safety and efficacy of lamivudine tablets (HBV) in pediatric patients younger than 2 years have not been established. Clinical trials of lamivudine tablets (HBV) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. In general, caution should be exercised in the administration of lamivudine tablets (HBV) in elderly patients reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . Reduction of the dosage of lamivudine tablets (HBV) is recommended for patients with impaired renal function [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. No dose adjustment for lamivudine is required for patients with impaired hepatic function.

leaflet_short:

Lamivudine tablets (HBV), 100 mg, are orange-brown, capsule shaped, biconvex film-coated tablets engraved “APO” on one side, “LMV 100” on the other side.  Bottles of 60 tablets (NDC 60505-3250-6) with child-resistant closures.  Store at 20ºC to 25ºC (68ºF to 77ºF); excursions permitted from 15ºC to 30ºC (59ºF to 86ºF) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].

מצב אישור:

Abbreviated New Drug Application

מאפייני מוצר

LAMIVUDINE- LAMIVUDINE TABLET, FILM COATED
APOTEX CORP.
----------
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
THESE HIGHLIGHTS DO NOT INCLUDE ALL THE INFORMATION NEEDED TO USE
LAMIVUDINE TABLETS
(HBV) SAFELY AND EFFECTIVELY. SEE FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION FOR
LAMIVUDINE TABLETS
(HBV).
LAMIVUDINE TABLETS (HBV) FOR ORAL USE
INITIAL U.S. APPROVAL: 1995
WARNING: EXACERBATIONS OF HEPATITIS B, AND RISK OF HIV-
1 RESISTANCE IF LAMIVUDINE TABLETS (HBV) IS USED IN PATIENTS WITH
UNRECOGNIZED OR UNTREATED HIV-1 INFECTION
_SEE FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION FOR COMPLETE BOXED WARNING _
SEVERE ACUTE EXACERBATIONS OF HEPATITIS B HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN
PATIENTS WHO HAVE DISCONTINUED ANTI-HEPATITIS B THERAPY [INCLUDING
LAMIVUDINE
TABLETS (HBV)]. MONITOR HEPATIC FUNCTION CLOSELY IN THESE PATIENTS
AND, IF
APPROPRIATE, INITIATE ANTI-HEPATITIS B TREATMENT. (5.1)
LAMIVUDINE TABLETS (HBV) CONTAIN A LOWER DOSE OF THE SAME ACTIVE
INGREDIENT
(LAMIVUDINE) AS EPIVIR TABLETS AND ORAL SOLUTION USED TO TREAT HUMAN
IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 (HIV-1) INFECTION. HIV-1 RESISTANCE MAY
EMERGE IN
CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS WITH UNRECOGNIZED OR UNTREATED HIV-
1 INFECTION BECAUSE THE LAMIVUDINE DOSAGE IN LAMIVUDINE TABLETS (HBV)
IS
SUBTHERAPEUTIC AND MONOTHERAPY IS INAPPROPRIATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF
HIV-1
INFECTION. HIV COUNSELING AND TESTING SHOULD BE OFFERED TO
ALL PATIENTS BEFORE BEGINNING TREATMENT WITH LAMIVUDINE TABLETS (HBV)
AND
PERIODICALLY DURING TREATMENT. (5.2)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Lamivudine tablets (HBV) are a nucleoside analogue reverse
transcriptase inhibitor indicated for the
treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with
evidence of hepatitis B viral
replication and active liver inflammation. (1)
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Adults: 100 mg, once daily. (2.2)
Pediatric Patients aged 2 to 17 years: 3 mg per kg once daily up to
100 mg once daily. Prescribe oral
solution for pediatric patients requiring less than 100 mg daily.
(2.3)
Patients with Renal Impairment: Doses of lamivudine tablets (HBV) must
be adjusted in