Quốc gia: Úc
Ngôn ngữ: Tiếng Anh
Nguồn: APVMA (Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority)
BROMOXYNIL PRESENT AS THE N-OCTANOYL ESTER; MCPA PRESENT AS THE ETHYL HEXYL ESTER; LIQUID HYDROCARBON
4 FARMERS AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
bromoxynil as noe(200g/L)+MCPA as ehe(200g/L)
EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE
BROMOXYNIL PRESENT AS THE N-OCTANOYL ESTER NITRILE Active 200.0 g/L; MCPA PRESENT AS THE ETHYL HEXYL ESTER PHENOXY ACIDS-MCPA-ESTER Active 200.0 g/L; LIQUID HYDROCARBON SOLVENT Other 343.0 g/L
5L - 1000L
A - Agricultural
4 FARMERS
BARLEY | BENT GRASS | BUFFALO GRASS LAWN OR TURF | CEREAL RYE | COUCH - ESTABLISHED | FESCUE LAWN OR TURF | GRASS PASTURE | KIKU
HERBICIDE
AMSINCKIA | BINDY-EYE | BLACK BINDWEED | CAPEWEED | CAT'S EARS OR FLATWEEDS | CHAMOMILE OR MATRICARIA | CHARLOCK | CLEAVERS | CLOVER | COMMON PEPPERCRESS | CORN GROMWELL, IRONWEED OR SHEEPWEED | CREEPING BUTTERCUP | CUDWEED | DANDELION - TARAXACUM OFFICINALE | FAT HEN | FIELD MADDER | FLEABANE | FUMITORY | HORNED POPPY | INDIAN HEDGE MUSTARD | JO-JO | LESSER SWINECRESS OR BITTERCRESS | MELILOTUS OR HEXHAM SCENT | MEXICAN POPPY | MINTWEED | MOUNTAIN SORREL | MOUNTAIN SORREL/PURPLE CALANDRINIA | MUSTARD | OXALIS SPP. | PATERSON'S CURSE | PLANTAIN | ROUGH POPPY | SAFFRON THISTLE | SHEPHERD'S PURSE | SLENDER, SHORE OR SHEEP THISTLE | SOW OR MILK THISTLE | THISTLE | THREE CORNERED JACK OR DOUBLEGEE | THREE-HORNED BEDSTRAW | TREE HOGWEED | TURNIP WEED | VARIEGATED THISTLE | WILD RADISH OR RADISH WEED | WILD TURNIP | WIREWEED, KNOTWEED OR HOGWEED | ANNUAL BINDWEED | ANNUAL FLATWEED | BILDERDYKIA CONVOLVULUS | BINDII | BINDY-EYE | BLESSED THISTLE | BLUE FIELD MADDER | BLUE SALVIA | BOGAN FLEA | BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS |
Poison schedule: 6; Withholding period: WITHHOLDING PERIOD: DO NOT harvest gr aze or cut for stock food for 8 weeks a fter application.; Host/pest details: BARLEY: [AMSINCKIA, BLACK BINDWEED, CAPEWEED, CHAMOMILE OR MATRICARIA, CHARLOCK, CLEAVERS, COMMON PEPPERCRESS, CORN GROMWELL, IRONWEED OR SHEEPWEED, FAT HEN, FIELD MADDER, FUMITORY, HORNED POPPY, INDIAN HEDGE MUSTARD, LESSER SWINECRESS OR BITTERCRESS, MELILOTUS OR HEXHAM SCENT, MEXICAN POPPY, MINTWEED, MOUNTAIN SORREL, MOUNTAIN SORREL/PURPLE CALANDRINIA, MUSTARD, PATERSON'S CURSE, ROUGH POPPY, SAFFRON THISTLE, SHEPHERD'S PURSE, SLENDER, SHORE OR SHEEP THISTLE, SOW OR MILK THISTLE, THREE CORNERED JACK OR DOUBLEGEE, THREE-HORNED BEDSTRAW, TREE HOGWEED, TURNIP WEED, VARIEGATED THISTLE, WILD RADISH OR RADISH WEED, WILD TURNIP, WIREWEED, KNOTWEED OR HOGWEED]; BENT GRASS: [BINDY-EYE, CAPEWEED, CAT'S EARS OR FLATWEEDS, CLOVER, CREEPING BUTTERCUP, CUDWEED, DANDELION - TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, FLEABANE, JO-JO, OXALIS SPP., PLANTAIN, THISTLE]; BUFFALO GRASS LAWN OR TURF: [BINDY-EYE, CAPEWEED, CAT'S EARS OR FLATWEEDS, CLOVER, CREEPING BUTTERCUP, CUDWEED, DANDELION - TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, FLEABANE, JO-JO, OXALIS SPP., PLANTAIN, THISTLE]; CEREAL RYE: [AMSINCKIA, BLACK BINDWEED, CAPEWEED, CHAMOMILE OR MATRICARIA, CHARLOCK, CLEAVERS, COMMON PEPPERCRESS, CORN GROMWELL, IRONWEED OR SHEEPWEED, FAT HEN, FIELD MADDER, FUMITORY, HORNED POPPY, INDIAN HEDGE MUSTARD, LESSER SWINECRESS OR BITTERCRESS, MELILOTUS OR HEXHAM SCENT, MEXICAN POPPY, MINTWEED, MOUNTAIN SORREL, MOUNTAIN SORREL/PURPLE CALANDRINIA, MUSTARD, PATERSON'S CURSE, ROUGH POPPY, SAFFRON THISTLE, SHEPHERD'S PURSE, SLENDER, SHORE OR SHEEP THISTLE, SOW OR MILK THISTLE, THREE CORNERED JACK OR DOUBLEGEE, THREE-HORNED BEDSTRAW, TREE HOGWEED, TURNIP WEED, VARIEGATED THISTLE, WILD RADISH OR RADISH WEED, WILD TURNIP, WIREWEED, KNOTWEED OR HOGWEED]; COUCH - ESTABLISHED: [BINDY-EYE, CAPEWEED, CAT'S EARS OR FLATWEEDS, CLOVER, CREEPING BUTTERCUP, CUDWEED, DANDELION - TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, FLEABANE, JO-JO, OXALIS SPP., PLANTAIN, THISTLE]; FESCUE LAWN OR TURF: [BINDY-EYE, CAPEWEED, CAT'S EARS OR FLATWEEDS, CLOVER, CREEPING BUTTERCUP, CUDWEED, DANDELION - TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, FLEABANE, JO-JO, OXALIS SPP., PLANTAIN, THISTLE]; GRASS PASTURE: [AMSINCKIA, BLACK BINDWEED, CAPEWEED, CHAMOMILE OR MATRICARIA, CHARLOCK, CLEAVERS, COMMON PEPPERCRESS, CORN GROMWELL, IRONWEED OR SHEEPWEED, FAT HEN, FIELD MADDER, FUMITORY, HORNED POPPY, INDIAN HEDGE MUSTARD, LESSER SWINECRESS OR BITTERCRESS, MELILOTUS OR HEXHAM SCENT, MEXICAN POPPY, MINTWEED, MOUNTAIN SORREL, MOUNTAIN SORREL/PURPLE CALANDRINIA, MUSTARD, PATERSON'S CURSE, ROUGH POPPY, SAFFRON THISTLE, SHEPHERD'S PURSE, SLENDER, SHORE OR SHEEP THISTLE, THREE CORNERED JACK OR DOUBLEGEE, THREE-HORNED BEDSTRAW, TREE HOGWEED, TURNIP WEED, VARIEGATED THISTLE, WILD RADISH OR RADISH WEED, WILD TURNIP, WIREWEED, KNOTWEED OR HOGWEED]; KIKUYU GRASS LAWN OR TURF: [BINDY-EYE, CAPEWEED, CAT'S EARS OR FLATWEEDS, CLOVER, CREEPING BUTTERCUP, CUDWEED, DANDELION - TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, FLEABANE, JO-JO, OXALIS SPP., PLANTAIN, THISTLE]; LINSEED CROP: [AMSINCKIA, BLACK BINDWEED, CAPEWEED, CHAMOMILE OR MATRICARIA, CHARLOCK, CLEAVERS, COMMON PEPPERCRESS, CORN GROMWELL, IRONWEED OR SHEEPWEED, FAT HEN, FIELD MADDER, FUMITORY, HORNED POPPY, INDIAN HEDGE MUSTARD, LESSER SWINECRESS OR BITTERCRESS, MELILOTUS OR HEXHAM SCENT, MEXICAN POPPY, MINTWEED, MOUNTAIN SORREL, MOUNTAIN SORREL/PURPLE CALANDRINIA, MUSTARD, PATERSON'S CURSE, ROUGH POPPY, SAFFRON THISTLE, SHEPHERD'S PURSE, SLENDER, SHORE OR SHEEP THISTLE, THREE CORNERED JACK OR DOUBLEGEE, THREE-HORNED BEDSTRAW, TREE HOGWEED, TURNIP WEED, VARIEGATED THISTLE, WILD RADISH OR RADISH WEED, WILD TURNIP, WIREWEED, KNOTWEED OR HOGWEED]; OATS: [AMSINCKIA, BLACK BINDWEED, CAPEWEED, CHAMOMILE OR MATRICARIA, CHARLOCK, CLEAVERS, COMMON PEPPERCRESS, CORN GROMWELL, IRONWEED OR SHEEPWEED, FAT HEN, FIELD MADDER, FUMITORY, HORNED POPPY, INDIAN HEDGE MUSTARD, LESSER SWINECRESS OR BITTERCRESS, MELILOTUS OR HEXHAM SCENT, MEXICAN POPPY, MINTWEED, MOUNTAIN SORREL, MOUNTAIN SORREL/PURPLE CALANDRINIA, MUSTARD, PATERSON'S CURSE, ROUGH POPPY, SAFFRON THISTLE, SHEPHERD'S PURSE, SLENDER, SHORE OR SHEEP THISTLE, SOW OR MILK THISTLE, THREE CORNERED JACK OR DOUBLEGEE, THREE-HORNED BEDSTRAW, TREE HOGWEED, TURNIP WEED, VARIEGATED THISTLE, WILD RADISH OR RADISH WEED, WILD TURNIP, WIREWEED, KNOTWEED OR HOGWEED]; PASPALUM LAWN OR TURF: [BINDY-EYE, CAPEWEED, CAT'S EARS OR FLATWEEDS, CLOVER, CREEPING BUTTERCUP, CUDWEED, DANDELION - TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, FLEABANE, JO-JO, OXALIS SPP., PLANTAIN, THISTLE]; QUEENSLAND BLUE COUCH - ESTABLISHED: [BINDY-EYE, CAPEWEED, CAT'S EARS OR FLATWEEDS, CLOVER, CREEPING BUTTERCUP, CUDWEED, DANDELION - TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, FLEABANE, JO-JO, OXALIS SPP., PLANTAIN, THISTLE]; RYE LAWN - ESTABLISHED: [BINDY-EYE, CAPEWEED, CAT'S EARS OR FLATWEEDS, CLOVER, CREEPING BUTTERCUP, CUDWEED, DANDELION - TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, FLEABANE, JO-JO, OXALIS SPP., PLANTAIN, THISTLE]; TRITICALE: [AMSINCKIA, BLACK BINDWEED, CAPEWEED, CHAMOMILE OR MATRICARIA, CHARLOCK, CLEAVERS, COMMON PEPPERCRESS, CORN GROMWELL, IRONWEED OR SHEEPWEED, FAT HEN, FIELD MADDER, FUMITORY, HORNED POPPY, INDIAN HEDGE MUSTARD, LESSER SWINECRESS OR BITTERCRESS, MELILOTUS OR HEXHAM SCENT, MEXICAN POPPY, MINTWEED, MOUNTAIN SORREL, MOUNTAIN SORREL/PURPLE CALANDRINIA, MUSTARD, PATERSON'S CURSE, ROUGH POPPY, SAFFRON THISTLE, SHEPHERD'S PURSE, SLENDER, SHORE OR SHEEP THISTLE, SOW OR MILK THISTLE, THREE CORNERED JACK OR DOUBLEGEE, THREE-HORNED BEDSTRAW, TREE HOGWEED, TURNIP WEED, VARIEGATED THISTLE, WILD RADISH OR RADISH WEED, WILD TURNIP, WIREWEED, KNOTWEED OR HOGWEED]; TURF: [BINDY-EYE, CAPEWEED, CAT'S EARS OR FLATWEEDS, CLOVER, CREEPING BUTTERCUP, CUDWEED, DANDELION - TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, FLEABANE, JO-JO, OXALIS SPP., PLANTAIN, THISTLE]; WHEAT: [AMSINCKIA, BLACK BINDWEED, CAPEWEED, CHAMOMILE OR MATRICARIA, CHARLOCK, CLEAVERS, COMMON PEPPERCRESS, CORN GROMWELL, IRONWEED OR SHEEPWEED, FAT HEN, FIELD MADDER, FUMITORY, HORNED POPPY, INDIAN HEDGE MUSTARD, LESSER SWINECRESS OR BITTERCRESS, MELILOTUS OR HEXHAM SCENT, MEXICAN POPPY, MINTWEED, MOUNTAIN SORREL, MOUNTAIN SORREL/PURPLE CALANDRINIA, MUSTARD, PATERSON'S CURSE, ROUGH POPPY, SAFFRON THISTLE, SHEPHERD'S PURSE, SLENDER, SHORE OR SHEEP THISTLE, SOW OR MILK THISTLE, THREE CORNERED JACK OR DOUBLEGEE, THREE-HORNED BEDSTRAW, TREE HOGWEED, TURNIP WEED, VARIEGATED THISTLE, WILD RADISH OR RADISH WEED, WILD TURNIP, WIREWEED, KNOTWEED OR HOGWEED]; Poison schedule: 6; Withholding period: ; Host/pest details: BARLEY: [AMSINCKIA, BLACK BINDWEED, CAPEWEED, CHAMOMILE OR MATRICARIA, CHARLOCK, CLEAVERS, COMMON PEPPERCRESS, CORN GROMWELL, IRONWEED OR SHEEPWEED, FAT HEN, FIELD MADDER, FUMITORY, HORNED POPPY, INDIAN HEDGE MUSTARD, LESSER SWINECRESS OR BITTERCRESS, MELILOTUS OR HEXHAM SCENT, MEXICAN POPPY, MINTWEED, MOUNTAIN SORREL, MOUNTAIN SORREL/PURPLE CALANDRINIA, MUSTARD, PATERSON'S CURSE, ROUGH POPPY, SAFFRON THISTLE, SHEPHERD'S PURSE, SLENDER, SHORE OR SHEEP THISTLE, SOW OR MILK THISTLE, THREE CORNERED JACK OR DOUBLEGEE, THREE-HORNED BEDSTRAW, TREE HOGWEED, TURNIP WEED, VARIEGATED THISTLE, WILD RADISH OR RADISH WEED, WILD TURNIP, WIREWEED, KNOTWEED OR HOGWEED]; BENT GRASS: [BINDY-EYE, CAPEWEED, CAT'S EARS OR FLATWEEDS, CLOVER, CREEPING BUTTERCUP, CUDWEED, DANDELION - TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, FLEABANE, JO-JO, OXALIS SPP., PLANTAIN, THISTLE]; BUFFALO GRASS LAWN OR TURF: [BINDY-EYE, CAPEWEED, CAT'S EARS OR FLATWEEDS, CLOVER, CREEPING BUTTERCUP, CUDWEED, DANDELION - TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, FLEABANE, JO-JO, OXALIS SPP., PLANTAIN, THISTLE]; CEREAL RYE: [AMSINCKIA, BLACK BINDWEED, CAPEWEED, CHAMOMILE OR MATRICARIA, CHARLOCK, CLEAVERS, COMMON PEPPERCRESS, CORN GROMWELL, IRONWEED OR SHEEPWEED, FAT HEN, FIELD MADDER, FUMITORY, HORNED POPPY, INDIAN HEDGE MUSTARD, LESSER SWINECRESS OR BITTERCRESS, MELILOTUS OR HEXHAM SCENT, MEXICAN POPPY, MINTWEED, MOUNTAIN SORREL, MOUNTAIN SORREL/PURPLE CALANDRINIA, MUSTARD, PATERSON'S CURSE, ROUGH POPPY, SAFFRON THISTLE, SHEPHERD'S PURSE, SLENDER, SHORE OR SHEEP THISTLE, SOW OR MILK THISTLE, THREE CORNERED JACK OR DOUBLEGEE, THREE-HORNED BEDSTRAW, TREE HOGWEED, TURNIP WEED, VARIEGATED THISTLE, WILD RADISH OR
Registered
2023-07-01
POISON KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN READ SAFETY DIRECTIONS BEFORE OPENING OR USING 4Farmers Bromox MA Selective Herbicide ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS 200g/L BROMOXYNIL present as the N-OCTANOYL ESTER 200g/LMCPA present as the ETHYL HEXYL ESTER SOLVENT 343g/L LIQUID HYDROCARBON /GROUP HERBICIDE For the control of weeds in wheat, oats, barley, cereal rye, triticale, linseed, grass pastures and turf as per the directions for use table. • RLP Approved IMPORTANT: READ THE ATTACHED LEAFLET THOROUGHLY BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT. CONTENTS:! 4 FARMERS PTY. L TO. A.C.N 067 443 465 70 McDOWELL STREET WELSH POOL WESTERN AUSTRALIA 6106 Ph (08) 9356 3445 APVMA Approval No: 66583 I 53938 BATCH NO: D.O.M: Infopest Verified DIRECTIONS OF USE Restraints:DO NOT spray if weeds are wilted by dry or cold weather or if crops are at a susceptible stage,or if rain is likely within 4 hours. DO NOT apply if frosts are imminent. DO NOT apply to diseased or frost affected crops or turf. SITUATION & CROP Barley, Cereal Rye, Oats and Triticale; Linseed; Grass Pastures I (Falfopia , Common Peppercress (Lepidium africanum), Mustards (Sisymbtiumspp.), Purple Calandrinia { Galandn'nia menziesi1) 75mm in diameter fully tillered stage (Zadok Scale Trilih,-----j ;;~fj,~"{"'f;;o;r; raill 1 t~~·.s;,;of750ml to 1.4Uha; 5 1: stage (Z15-30) for (NSW, ACT, VIC, SA, WA, TAS only); or early tillering to fully tillered stage (Z21-30) (OLD only). Linseed: 50 to 150mm high. DO NOT apply to linseed by aircraft. • If spraying Black Bindweed when whe"at, barley, cereal rye, oats, triticale or linseed is more than 300mm high, increased spraY'vo!ume to 200Uha. For optimal control, apply only when the weeds are actively growing. In the early stages follovhng spraying, temporary willing of crop and pasture may occur. Crop scorch may occur, particularly on oats if treatment is delayed to later stages Refer to the General !Instructions. apply to crops or pastures undersO'Nn '/with lucerne, clover or medics unless some damage is ~iiii~iiiiii:e!Jrr---'--mDii,----1 acceptable Đọc toàn bộ tài liệu
Page 1/7 SAFETY DATA SHEET ACCORDING TO SAFE WORK AUSTRALIA Printing date 01.09.2016 Revision: 01.09.2016 43.0 1 . IDENTIFICATION: PRODUCT IDENTIFIER AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY PRODUCT NAME: 4FARMERS BROMOXYNIL MA SELECTIVE HERBICIDE RECOMMENDED USE OF THE CHEMICAL AND RESTRICTION ON USE: Agricultural herbicide DETAILS OF MANUFACTURER OR IMPORTER: 4Farmers Australia Pty Ltd 70 McDowell Street Welshpool WA 6106 PHONE NUMBER: +61 8 9356 3446 EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBER: National Poison Information Centre: 13 11 26 2 . HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION HAZARDOUS NATURE: Classified as Hazardous according to the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) and Safe Work Australia criteria. Not classified as Dangerous Goods according to the Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail. (7th edition). However if transported by Air or Sea, then the product is classed as Dangerous (Class 9 Environmentally Hazardous) by IATA and IMDG/IMSBC respectively. See details below and in Section 14 of this SDS. skull and crossbones Acute Tox. (Inhalation) 3 H331 Toxic if inhaled. health hazard Repr. 2 H361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. Asp. Tox. 1 H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. environment Aquatic Acute 1 H400 Very toxic to aquatic life. Aquatic Chronic 1 H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Acute Tox. (Oral) 4 H302 Harmful if swallowed. Acute Tox. (Dermal) 4 H312 Harmful in contact with skin. Eye Irrit. 2A H319 Causes serious eye irritation. Skin Sens. 1 H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction. Flam. Liq. 4 H227 Combustible liquid. SIGNAL WORD Danger HAZARD STATEMENTS H227 Combustible liquid. H302+H312 Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin. H331 Toxic if inhaled. (Contd. on page 2) Page 2/7 SAFETY DATA SHEET ACCORDING TO SAFE WORK AUSTRALIA Printing date 01.09.2016 Revision: 01.09.2016 PRODUCT NAME: 4FARMERS BROMOXYNIL MA SELECTIVE HERBICIDE (Contd. of page 1) 43.0 H319 Causes serious eye irritation. H317 May cause an a Đọc toàn bộ tài liệu
POISON KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN READ SAFETY DIRECTIONS BEFORE OPENING OR USING BROMOX MA SELECTIVE HERBICIDE ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS 200G/L BROMOXYNIL PRESENT AS THE N-OCTANOYL ESTER 200G/L MCPA PRESENT AS THE ETHYL HEXYL ESTER SOLVENT 343G/L LIQUID HYDROCARBON GROUP C I HERBICIDE FOR THE CONTROL OF WEEDS IN WHEAT, OATS, BARLEY, CEREAL RYE, TRITICALE, LINSEED, GRASS PASTURES AND TURF AS PER THE DIRECTIONS FOR USE TABLE. IMPORTANT: READ THE ATTACHED LEAFLET THOROUGHLY BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT. 4 Farmers Pty. Ltd ACN 067 443 485 1 / 70 MCDOWELL STREET, WELSHPOOL, WA 6106 TEL: (08) 9356 3445 FAX: (08) 9356 3447 Batch Number: Date of Manufacture: APVMA Approval No: 66583/53938 DIRECTIONS OF USE RESTRAINTS: DO NOT spray if weeds are wilted by dry or cold weather or if crops are at a susceptible stage,or if rain is likely within 4 hours. DO NOT apply if frosts are imminent. DO NOT apply to diseased or frost affected crops or turf. SITUATION & CROP WEEDS CONTROLLED WEED STAGE STATE RATE/HA CRITICAL COMMENTS Wheat, Barley, Cereal Rye, Oats and Triticale; Linseed; Grass Pastures Amsinckia (_Amsinckia_ spp.), Capeweed (_Arctotheca calendula_), Chamomile (_Matricaria matricarioldes_), Charlock (_Sinapis arvensis_), Corn Gromwell (Ironweed, Sheepweed) (_Buglossoides arvensis_), Fat Hen (_Chenopodium album_), Field Madder (_Sherardia arvensis_), Hexham Scent (King Island Melilot) (_Melilotus indica_), Horned Poppy (_Glaucium fl avum_), Indian Hedge Mustard (_Sisymbrium orientale_), Lesser Swinecress (_Coronopus didymus_), Mexican Poppy (_Argemone ochroleuca_), Mintweed (_Salvia refl exa_), Paterson’s Curse (Salvation Jane) (_Echium plantagineum_), Rough Poppy (_Papaver hybridum_), Saffron Thistle (_Carthamus lanatus_), Shepherd’s Purse (_Capsella bursa pastoris_), Slender Thistles (_Carduus tenuifl orus, C. pycnocephalus_), Tree Hogweed (_Polygonum patulum_), Turnip Weed (Giant Mustard) (_Rapistrum rugosum_), Wild Radish (_Raphanusraphanistrum_), Wild Turnip (_Brassica tournefortin_) Plants up to the 6 leaf stage but no Đọc toàn bộ tài liệu