Jungtinės Valstijos - anglų - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

mylan pharmaceuticals inc. - nevirapine (unii: 99dk7fvk1h) (nevirapine - unii:99dk7fvk1h) - nevirapine 200 mg - nevirapine is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) infection in adults and pediatric patients 15 days and older [see clinical studies (14.1, 14.2)]. limitations of use: based on serious and life-threatening hepatotoxicity observed in controlled and uncontrolled trials, nevirapine is not recommended to be initiated, unless the benefit outweighs the risk, in: nevirapine is contraindicated: there is a pregnancy registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to nevirapine during pregnancy. healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the antiretroviral pregnancy registry (apr) at 1-800-258-4263. available data from the apr show no difference in the risk of overall major birth defects for nevirapine compared with the background rate for major birth defects of 2.7% in the u.s. reference population of the metropolitan atlanta congenital defects program (macdp) [see data] . the rate of miscarriage is not reported in the apr. the estimated background rate of miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies in the u.s. general population is 15-20%. the background risk of birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. methodological limitations of the apr include the use of macdp as the external comparator group. the macdp population is not disease-specific, evaluates women and infants from a limited geographic area, and does not include outcomes for births that occurred at < 20 weeks gestation. in literature reports, immediate-release nevirapine exposure (cmin ) can be up to 29% lower during pregnancy. however, as this reduction was not found to be clinically meaningful, dose adjustment is not necessary [see data] . there is a risk for severe hepatic events in pregnant women exposed to nevirapine [see clinical considerations]. in animal reproduction studies, no evidence of adverse developmental outcomes was observed following oral administration of nevirapine during organogenesis in the rat and rabbit, at systemic exposures (auc) to nevirapine approximately equal (rats) and 50% higher (rabbits) than the exposure in humans at the recommended 400 mg daily dose [see data]. severe hepatic events, including fatalities, have been reported in pregnant women receiving chronic nevirapine therapy as part of combination treatment of hiv-1 infection. regardless of pregnancy status, women with cd4+ cell counts greater than 250 cells/mm3 should not initiate nevirapine unless the benefit outweighs the risk. it is unclear if pregnancy augments the risk observed in non-pregnant women [see warnings and precautions (5.1)] . based on prospective reports to the apr of exposures to nevirapine during pregnancy resulting in live births (including over 1100 exposed in the first trimester and over 1500 exposed in the second/third trimester), the prevalence of birth defects in live births was 3.0% (95% ci: 2.1%, 4.1%) and 3.3% (95% ci: 2.4%, 4.3%) following first and second/third trimester exposure, respectively, to nevirapine-containing regimens, compared with the background birth defect rate of 2.7% in a u.s. reference population of the macdp. there are several literature reports of chronic administration of immediate-release nevirapine during pregnancy, in which nevirapine pharmacokinetics were compared between pregnancy and postpartum. in these studies, the mean difference in nevirapine cmin during pregnancy as compared to postpartum ranged from no difference to approximately 29% lower. nevirapine was administered orally to pregnant rats (at 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg per kg per day) and rabbits (at 0, 30, 100, and 300 mg per kg per day) through organogenesis (on gestation days 7 through 16, and 6 through 18, respectively). no adverse developmental effects were observed at doses producing systemic exposures (auc) approximately equivalent to (rats) or approximately 50% higher (rabbits) than human exposure at the recommended daily dose. in rats, decreased fetal body weights were observed at a maternally toxic dose at an exposure approximately 50% higher than the recommended daily dose. the centers for disease control and prevention recommend that hiv-1 infected mothers in the united states not breastfeed their infants to avoid risking postnatal transmission of hiv-1 infection. published data report that nevirapine is present in human milk [see data] . there are limited data on the effects of nevirapine on the breastfed infant. there is no information on the effects of nevirapine on milk production. because of the potential for (1) hiv-1 transmission (in hiv-negative infants), (2) developing viral resistance (in hiv-positive infants), and (3) serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, mothers should not breastfeed if they are receiving nevirapine. based on five publications, immediate-release nevirapine was excreted in breast milk at median concentrations ranging from 4080 to 6795 ng/ml, and the median maternal breast milk to maternal plasma concentration ratio range was 59 to 88%. reported infant nevirapine median plasma concentrations were low, ranging from 734 to 1140 ng/ml. the estimated nevirapine dose of 704 to 682 mcg/kg/day for infants fed exclusively with breast milk was lower than the daily recommended nevirapine dose for infants. published literature indicates that rash and hyperbilirubinemia have been seen in infants exposed to nevirapine through breastmilk. limited human data are insufficient to determine the risk of infertility in humans. based on results from animal fertility studies conducted in rats, nevirapine may reduce fertility in females of reproductive potential. it is not known if these effects on fertility are reversible [see nonclinical toxicology (13.1)]. the safety, pharmacokinetic profile, and virologic and immunologic responses of nevirapine have been evaluated in hiv-1 infected pediatric subjects aged 3 months to 18 years [see adverse reactions (6.1) and clinical studies (14.2)] . the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of nevirapine has been evaluated in hiv-1 infected pediatric subjects aged 15 days to less than 3 months [see adverse reactions (6.1) and clinical studies (14.2)] . the most frequently reported adverse events related to nevirapine in pediatric subjects were similar to those observed in adults, with the exception of granulocytopenia, which was more commonly observed in children receiving both zidovudine and nevirapine [see adverse reactions (6.1) and clinical studies (14.2)] . clinical trials of nevirapine did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and older to determine whether elderly subjects respond differently from younger subjects. in general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. in subjects with renal impairment (mild, moderate or severe), there were no significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine. nevirapine is extensively metabolized by the liver and nevirapine metabolites are extensively eliminated by the kidney. nevirapine metabolites may accumulate in patients receiving dialysis; however, the clinical significance of this accumulation is not known. no adjustment in nevirapine dosing is required in patients with crcl greater than or equal to 20 ml per min. the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine have not been evaluated in patients with crcl less than 20 ml per min. in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, an additional 200 mg dose following each dialysis treatment is indicated [see dosage and administration (2.4) and clinical pharmacology (12.3)] . because increased nevirapine levels and nevirapine accumulation may be observed in patients with serious liver disease, do not administer nevirapine to patients with moderate or severe (child-pugh class b or c, respectively) hepatic impairment [see contraindications (4), warnings and precautions (5.1), and clinical pharmacology (12.3)] .

Jungtinės Valstijos - anglų - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

mylan pharmaceuticals inc. - lansoprazole (unii: 0k5c5t2qpg) (lansoprazole - unii:0k5c5t2qpg) - lansoprazole 15 mg - lansoprazole delayed-release capsules are indicated in adults for short-term treatment (for four weeks) for healing and symptom relief of active duodenal ulcer [see clinical studies (14.1)] . lansoprazole delayed-release capsules in combination with amoxicillin plus clarithromycin as triple therapy are indicated in adults for the treatment of patients with h. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease (active or one year history of a duodenal ulcer) to eradicate h. pylori . eradication of h. pylori has been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence [see clinical studies (14.2)] . please refer to the full prescribing information for amoxicillin and clarithromycin. lansoprazole delayed-release capsules in combination with amoxicillin as dual therapy are indicated in adults for the treatment of patients with h. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease (active or one year history of a duodenal ulcer) who are either allergic or intolerant to clarithromycin or in whom resistance to clarithromycin is known or suspected (see the clarithromycin prescribing information, microbiology section). eradication of h. pylori has been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence [see clinical studies (14.2)] . please refer to the full prescribing information for amoxicillin. lansoprazole delayed-release capsules are indicated in adults to maintain healing of duodenal ulcers. controlled studies do not extend beyond 12 months [see clinical studies (14.3)] . lansoprazole delayed-release capsules are indicated in adults for short-term treatment (up to eight weeks) for healing and symptom relief of active benign gastric ulcer [see clinical studies (14.4)] . lansoprazole delayed-release capsules are indicated in adults for the treatment of nsaid-associated gastric ulcer in patients who continue nsaid use. controlled studies did not extend beyond eight weeks [see clinical studies (14.5)] . lansoprazole delayed-release capsules are indicated in adults for reducing the risk of nsaid-associated gastric ulcers in patients with a history of a documented gastric ulcer who require the use of an nsaid. controlled studies did not extend beyond 12 weeks [see clinical studies (14.6)] . lansoprazole delayed-release capsules are indicated for short-term treatment in adults and pediatric patients 12 to 17 years of age (up to eight weeks) and pediatric patients one to 11 years of age (up to 12 weeks) for the treatment of heartburn and other symptoms associated with gerd [see clinical studies (14.7)] . lansoprazole delayed-release capsules are indicated for short-term treatment in adults and pediatric patients 12 to 17 years of age (up to eight weeks) and pediatric patients one to 11 years of age (up to 12 weeks) for healing and symptom relief of all grades of ee. for adults who do not heal with lansoprazole delayed-release capsules for eight weeks (5 to 10%), it may be helpful to give an additional eight weeks of treatment. if there is a recurrence of erosive esophagitis an additional eight week course of lansoprazole delayed-release capsules may be considered [see clinical studies (14.8)] . lansoprazole delayed-release capsules are indicated in adults to maintain healing of ee. controlled studies did not extend beyond 12 months [see clinical studies (14.9)] . lansoprazole delayed-release capsules are indicated in adults for the long-term treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, including zollinger-ellison syndrome [see clinical studies (14.10)] . available data from published observational studies overall do not indicate an association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with lansoprazole treatment (see data) . in animal reproduction studies, oral administration of lansoprazole to rats during organogenesis through lactation at 6.4 times the maximum recommended human dose produced reductions in the offspring in femur weight, femur length, crown-rump length and growth plate thickness (males only) on postnatal day 21 (see data) . these effects were associated with reduction in body weight gain. advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus. the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations are unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. if lansoprazole delayed-release capsules are administered with clarithromycin, the pregnancy information for clarithromycin also applies to the combination regimen. refer to the prescribing information for clarithromycin for more information on use in pregnancy. available data from published observational studies failed to demonstrate an association of adverse pregnancy-related outcomes and lansoprazole use. methodological limitations of these observational studies cannot definitely establish or exclude any drug-associated risk during pregnancy. in a prospective study by the european network of teratology information services, outcomes from a group of 62 pregnant women administered median daily doses of 30 mg of lansoprazole were compared to a control group of 868 pregnant women who did not take any ppis. there was no difference in the rate of major malformations between women exposed to ppis and the control group, corresponding to a relative risk (rr) = 1.04, [95% confidence interval (ci) 0.25-4.21]. in a population-based retrospective cohort study covering all live births in denmark from 1996 to 2008, there was no significant increase in major birth defects during analysis of first trimester exposure to lansoprazole in 794 live births. a meta-analysis that compared 1,530 pregnant women exposed to ppis in at least the first trimester with 133,410 unexposed pregnant women showed no significant increases in risk for congenital malformations or spontaneous abortion with exposure to ppis (for major malformations odds ratio (or) = 1.12, [95% ci 0.86-1.45] and for spontaneous abortions or = 1.29, [95% ci 0.84-1.97]). no adverse effects on embryo-fetal development occurred in studies performed in pregnant rats at oral lansoprazole doses up to 150 mg/kg/day (40 times the recommended human dose [30 mg/day] based on body surface area) administered during organogenesis and pregnant rabbits at oral lansoprazole doses up to 30 mg/kg/day (16 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) administered during organogenesis. a pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity study in rats with additional endpoints to evaluate bone development was performed with lansoprazole at oral doses of 10 to 100 mg/kg/day (0.7 to 6.4 times the maximum recommended human lansoprazole dose of 30 mg based on auc [area under the plasma concentration-time curve]) administered during organogenesis through lactation. maternal effects observed at 100 mg/kg/day (6.4 times the maximum recommended human lansoprazole dose of 30 mg based on auc) included increased gestation period, decreased body weight gain during gestation, and decreased food consumption. the number of stillbirths was increased at this dose, which may have been secondary to maternal toxicity. body weight of pups was reduced at 100 mg/kg/day starting on postnatal day 11. femur weight, femur length, and crown-rump length were reduced at 100 mg/kg/day on postnatal day 21. femur weight was still decreased in the 100 mg/kg/day group at age 17 to 18 weeks. growth plate thickness was decreased in the 100 mg/kg/day males on postnatal day 21, and was increased in the 30 and 100 mg/kg/day males at age 17 to 18 weeks. the effects on bone parameters were associated with reduction in body weight gain. there is no information regarding the presence of lansoprazole in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. however, lansoprazole and its metabolites are present in rat milk. the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for lansoprazole delayed-release capsules and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from lansoprazole delayed-release capsules or from the underlying maternal condition. the safety and effectiveness of lansoprazole delayed-release capsules have been established in pediatric patients one year to 17 years of age for short-term treatment of symptomatic gerd and erosive esophagitis. in clinical studies of symptomatic gerd and erosive esophagitis, lansoprazole was not administered beyond 12 weeks in patients one year to 11 years of age. it is not known if lansoprazole delayed-release capsules are safe and effective if used longer than the recommended duration. do not exceed the recommended dose and duration of use in pediatric patients (see juvenile animal toxicity data) . lansoprazole was not effective in pediatric patients with symptomatic gerd one month to less than one year of age in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. therefore, safety and effectiveness have not been established in patients less than one year of age. nonclinical studies in juvenile rats have demonstrated an adverse effect of heart valve thickening and bone changes at lansoprazole doses higher than the maximum recommended equivalent human dose. the pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole were studied in pediatric patients with gerd aged less than 28 days and one to 11 months. compared to healthy adults receiving 30 mg, neonates had higher exposure (mean weight-based normalized auc values 2.04- and 1.88-fold higher at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg/day, respectively). infants aged ≤ 10 weeks had clearance and exposure values that were similar to neonates. infants aged greater than 10 weeks who received 1 mg/kg/day had mean auc values that were similar to adults who received a 30 mg dose. lansoprazole was not found to be effective in a u.s. and polish four week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of 162 patients between one month and less than 12 months of age with symptomatic gerd based on a medical history of crying/fussing/irritability associated with feedings who had not responded to conservative gerd management (i.e., nonpharmacologic intervention) for seven to 14 days. patients received lansoprazole as a suspension daily (0.2 to 0.3 mg/kg/day in infants ≤ 10 weeks of age or 1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg/day in infants greater than 10 weeks or placebo) for up to four weeks of double-blind treatment. the primary efficacy endpoint was assessed by greater than 50% reduction from baseline in either the percent of feedings with a crying/fussing/irritability episode or the duration (minutes) of a crying/fussing/irritability episode within one hour after feeding. there was no difference in the percentage of responders between the lansoprazole pediatric suspension group and placebo group (54% in both groups). there were no adverse events reported in pediatric clinical studies (one month to less than 12 months of age) that were not previously observed in adults. based on the results of the phase 3 efficacy study, lansoprazole was not shown to be effective. therefore, these results do not support the use of lansoprazole in treating symptomatic gerd in infants. in an uncontrolled, open-label, u.s. multicenter study, 66 pediatric patients (one year to 11 years of age) with gerd were assigned, based on body weight, to receive an initial dose of either lansoprazole 15 mg daily if ≤ 30 kg or lansoprazole 30 mg daily if greater than 30 kg administered for eight to 12 weeks. the lansoprazole dose was increased (up to 30 mg twice daily) in 24 of 66 pediatric patients after two or more weeks of treatment if they remained symptomatic. at baseline, 85% of patients had mild to moderate overall gerd symptoms (assessed by investigator interview), 58% had non-erosive gerd and 42% had erosive esophagitis (assessed by endoscopy). after eight to 12 weeks of lansoprazole treatment, the intent-to-treat analysis demonstrated an approximate 50% reduction in frequency and severity of gerd symptoms. twenty-one of 27 erosive esophagitis patients were healed at eight weeks and 100% of patients were healed at 12 weeks by endoscopy (table 4) . gerd final visit * % (n/n) symptomatic gerd     improvement in overall gerd symptoms† 76% (47/62‡) erosive esophagitis     improvement in overall gerd symptoms† 81% (22/27)     healing rate 100% (27/27) in a study of 66 pediatric patients in the age group one year to 11 years old after treatment with lansoprazole given orally in doses of 15 mg daily to 30 mg twice daily, increases in serum gastrin levels were similar to those observed in adult studies. median fasting serum gastrin levels increased 89% from 51 pg/ml at baseline to 97 pg/ml [interquartile range (25th to 75th percentile) of 71 to 130 pg/ml] at the final visit. the pediatric safety of lansoprazole delayed-release capsules has been assessed in 66 pediatric patients aged one to 11 years of age. of the 66 patients with gerd, 85% (56/66) took lansoprazole for eight weeks and 15% (10/66) took it for 12 weeks. the most frequently reported (two or more patients) treatment-related adverse reactions in patients one to 11 years of age (n = 66) were constipation (5%) and headache (3%). in an uncontrolled, open-label, u.s. multicenter study, 87 adolescent patients (12 years to 17 years of age) with symptomatic gerd were treated with lansoprazole for eight to 12 weeks. baseline upper endoscopies classified these patients into two groups: 64 (74%) non-erosive gerd and 23 (26%) erosive esophagitis (ee). the non-erosive gerd patients received lansoprazole 15 mg daily for eight weeks and the ee patients received lansoprazole 30 mg daily for eight to 12 weeks. at baseline, 89% of these patients had mild to moderate overall gerd symptoms (assessed by investigator interviews). during eight weeks of lansoprazole treatment, adolescent patients experienced a 63% reduction in frequency and a 69% reduction in severity of gerd symptoms based on diary results. twenty-one of 22 (95.5%) adolescent erosive esophagitis patients were healed after eight weeks of lansoprazole treatment. one patient remained unhealed after 12 weeks of treatment (table 5) . gerd final visit % (n/n) symptomatic gerd (all patients)     improvement in overall gerd symptoms* 73.2% (60/82)† non-erosive gerd     improvement in overall gerd symptoms* 71.2% (42/59)† erosive esophagitis     improvement in overall gerd symptoms* 78.3% (18/23)     healing rate‡ 95.5% (21/22)‡ in these 87 adolescent patients, increases in serum gastrin levels were similar to those observed in adult studies, median fasting serum gastrin levels increased 42% from 45 pg/ml at baseline to 64 pg/ml [interquartile range (25th to 75th percentile) of 44 to 88 pg/ml] at the final visit. (normal serum gastrin levels are 25 to 111 pg/ml.) the safety of lansoprazole delayed-release capsules has been assessed in these 87 adolescent patients. of the 87 adolescent patients with gerd, 6% (5/87) took lansoprazole for less than six weeks, 93% (81/87) for six to 10 weeks, and 1% (1/87) for greater than 10 weeks. the most frequently reported (at least 3%) treatment-related adverse reactions in these patients were headache (7%), abdominal pain (5%), nausea (3%) and dizziness (3%). treatment-related dizziness, reported in this prescribing information as occurring in less than 1% of adult patients, was reported in this study by three adolescent patients with non-erosive gerd, who had dizziness concurrently with other reactions (such as migraine, dyspnea, and vomiting). in two oral toxicity studies, thickening of the mitral heart valve occurred in juvenile rats treated with lansoprazole. heart valve thickening was observed primarily with oral dosing initiated on postnatal day 7 (age equivalent to neonatal humans) and postnatal day 14 (human age equivalent of approximately one year) at doses of 250 mg/kg/day and higher (at postnatal day 7 and postnatal day 14, respectively 6.2 times and 4.2 times the daily pediatric dose of 15 mg in pediatric patients age one to 11 years weighing 30 kg or less, based on auc). the treatment durations associated with heart valve thickening ranged from 5 days to 8 weeks. the findings reversed or trended towards reversibility after a 4-week drug-free recovery period. the incidence of heart valve thickening after initiation of dosing on postnatal day 21 (human age equivalent of approximately two years) was limited to a single rat (1/24) in groups given 500 mg/kg/day for 4 or 8 weeks (approximately 5.2 times the daily pediatric dose of 15 mg in pediatric patients age one to 11 years weighing 30 kg or less, based on auc). based on exposure margins, the risk of heart valve injury does not appear to be relevant to patients one year of age and older. in an eight-week oral toxicity study in juvenile rats with dosing initiated on postnatal day 7, doses equal to or greater than 100 mg/kg/day (2.5 times the daily pediatric dose of 15 mg in children age one to 11 years weighing 30 kg or less, based on auc) produced delayed growth, with impairment of weight gain observed as early as postnatal day 10 (age equivalent to neonatal humans). at the end of treatment, the signs of impaired growth at 100 mg/kg/day and higher included reductions in body weight (14 to 44% compared to controls), absolute weight of multiple organs, femur weight, femur length, and crown-rump length. femoral growth plate thickness was reduced only in males and only at the 500 mg/kg/day dose. the effects related to delayed growth persisted through the end of the four-week recovery period. longer term data were not collected. of the total number of patients (n = 21,486) in clinical studies of lansoprazole, 16% of patients were aged 65 years and over, while 4% were 75 years and over. no overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients and other reported clinical experience has not identified significant differences in responses between geriatric and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out [see clinical pharmacology (12.3)] . in patients with various degrees of chronic hepatic impairment the exposure to lansoprazole was increased compared to healthy subjects with normal hepatic function [see clinical pharmacology (12.3)] . no dosage adjustment for lansoprazole delayed-release capsules is necessary for patients with mild (child-pugh class a) or moderate (child-pugh class b) hepatic impairment. the recommended dosage is 15 mg orally daily in patients with severe hepatic impairment (child-pugh class c) [see dosage and administration (2.3)] . lansoprazole delayed-release capsules usp, for oral use (lan soe′ pra zole) important: lansoprazole delayed-release capsules: taking lansoprazole delayed-release capsules with certain foods: you can only use applesauce, ensure pudding, cottage cheese, yogurt or strained pears. taking lansoprazole delayed-release capsules with certain juices: you can only use apple juice, orange juice or tomato juice. giving lansoprazole delayed-release capsules through a nasogastric tube (ng tube) size 16 french or larger: you can only use apple juice. how should i store lansoprazole delayed-release capsules? keep lansoprazole delayed-release capsules and all medicines out of the reach of children. this instructions for use has been approved by the u.s. food and drug administration. the brand names listed are trademarks of their respective owners. manufactured for: mylan pharmaceuticals inc. morgantown, wv 26505 u.s.a. manufactured by: mylan laboratories limited hyderabad — 500 096, india 75102577 revised: 3/2024 mx:lans:r13mmh/mx:mg:lans:r6m/mx:mg:lans:r6mh

Jungtinės Valstijos - anglų - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

heritage pharmaceuticals inc. d/b/a avet pharmaceuticals inc. - fluoxetine hydrochloride (unii: i9w7n6b1kj) (fluoxetine - unii:01k63sup8d) - fluoxetine 10 mg - fluoxetine capsules are indicated for the treatment of: - acute and maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder [see clinical studies (14.1) ]. - acute and maintenance treatment of obsessions and compulsions in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) [see clinical studies (14.2) ]. - acute and maintenance treatment of binge-eating and vomiting behaviors in patients with moderate to severe bulimia nervosa [see clinical studies (14.3) ]. - acute treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia [see clinical studies (14.4) ]. fluoxetine and olanzapine in combination is indicated for the treatment of: - acute treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar i disorder. - treatment resistant depression (major depressive disorder in patients, who do not respond to 2 separate trials of different antidepressants of adequate dose and duration in the current episode). fluoxetine capsules monotherapy is not indicated for the treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar i disorder or the treatment of treatment resistant depression. when using fluoxetine and olanzapine in combination, also refer to the clinical studies section of the package insert for symbyax® . when using fluoxetine and olanzapine in combination, also refer to the contraindications section of the package insert for symbyax. the use of maois intended to treat psychiatric disorders with fluoxetine or within 5 weeks of stopping treatment with fluoxetine is contraindicated because of an increased risk of serotonin syndrome. the use of fluoxetine within 14 days of stopping an maoi intended to treat psychiatric disorders is also contraindicated [see dosage and administration (2.9) and warnings and precautions (5.2) ]. starting fluoxetine in a patient who is being treated with maois such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue is also contraindicated because of an increased risk of serotonin syndrome [see dosage and administration (2.10) and warnings and precautions (5.2) ]. the use of fluoxetine is contraindicated with the following: - pimozide [seewarnings and precautions (5.11) and drug interactions (7.7, 7.8) ] - thioridazine [see warnings and precautions (5.11) and drug interactions (7.7, 7.8) ] pimozide and thioridazine prolong the qt interval. fluoxetine can increase the levels of pimozide and thioridazine through inhibition of cyp2d6. fluoxetine can also prolong the qt interval. when using fluoxetine and olanzapine in combination, also refer to the use in specific populations section of the package insert for symbyax. pregnancy exposure registry there is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to antidepressants during pregnancy. healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the national pregnancy registry for antidepressants at 1-844-405-6185 or visiting online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-research-programs/pregnancyregistry/antidepressants/. risk summary based on data from published observational studies, exposure to ssris, particularly in the month before delivery, has been associated with a less than 2-fold increase in the risk of postpartum hemorrhage [see warnings and precautions (5.7) and clinical considerations ]. available data from published epidemiologic studies and postmarketing reports over several decades have not established an increased risk of major birth defects or miscarriage. some studies have reported an increased incidence of cardiovascular malformations; however, these studies results do not establish a causal relationship (see data ). there are risks associated with untreated depression in pregnancy and risks of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (pphn) (see data ) and poor neonatal adaptation with exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris), including fluoxetine, during pregnancy (see clinical considerations ). in rats and rabbits treated with fluoxetine during the period of organogenesis, there was no evidence of developmental effects at doses up to 1.6 and 3.9 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose (mrhd) of 60 mg/day given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis. however, in other reproductive studies in rats, an increase in stillborn pups, a decrease in pup weight, and an increase in pup deaths early after birth occurred at doses that are 1.5 times (during gestation) and 0.97 time (during gestation and lactation) the mrhd given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis. the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the us general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. clinical considerations disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk women who discontinue antidepressants during pregnancy are more likely to experience a relapse of major depression than women who continue antidepressants. this finding is from a prospective, longitudinal study that followed 201 pregnant women with a history of major depressive disorder who were euthymic and taking antidepressants at the beginning of pregnancy. consider the risk of untreated depression when discontinuing or changing treatment with antidepressant medication during pregnancy and postpartum. maternal adverse reactions use of fluoxetine in the month before delivery may be associated with an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage [see warnings and precautions (5.7)]. fetal/neonatal adverse reactions neonates exposed to fluoxetine and other ssri or snris late in the third trimester have developed complications requiring prolonged hospitalization, respiratory support, and tube feeding. such complications can arise immediately upon delivery. reported clinical findings have included respiratory distress, cyanosis, apnea, seizures, temperature instability, feeding difficulty, vomiting, hypoglycemia, hypotonia, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, tremors, jitteriness, irritability, and constant crying. these findings are consistent with either a direct toxic effect of ssris and snris or possibly a drug discontinuation syndrome. it should be noted that, in some cases, the clinical picture is consistent with serotonin syndrome [see warnings and precautions (5.2) ]. data human data - it has been shown that ssris (including fluoxetine) can cross the placenta. published epidemiological studies of pregnant women exposed to fluoxetine have not established an increased risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, and other adverse developmental outcomes. several publications reported an increased incidence of cardiovascular malformations in children with in utero exposure to fluoxetine. however, these studies results do not establish a causal relationship. methodologic limitations of these observational studies include possible exposure and outcome misclassification, lack of adequate controls, adjustment for confounders and confirmatory studies. however, these studies cannot definitely establish or exclude any drug-associated risk during pregnancy. exposure to ssris, particularly later in pregnancy, may have an increased risk for pphn. pphn occurs in 1 to 2 per 1,000 live births in the general population and is associated with substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality. animal data - in embryofetal development studies in rats and rabbits, there was no evidence of malformations or developmental variations following administration of fluoxetine at doses up to 12.5 and 15 mg/kg/day, respectively (1.6 and 3.9 times, respectively, the mrhd of 60 mg given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis) throughout organogenesis. however, in rat reproduction studies, an increase in stillborn pups, a decrease in pup weight, and an increase in pup deaths during the first 7 days postpartum occurred following maternal exposure to 12 mg/kg/day (1.5 times the mrhd given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis) during gestation or 7.5 mg/kg/day (0.97 time the mrhd given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis) during gestation and lactation. there was no evidence of developmental neurotoxicity in the surviving offspring of rats treated with 12 mg/kg/day during gestation. the no-effect dose for rat pup mortality was 5 mg/kg/day (0.65 time the mrhd given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis). risk summary data from published literature report the presence of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human milk (see data ). there are reports of agitation, irritability, poor feeding, and poor weight gain in infants exposed to fluoxetine through breast milk (see clinical considerations ). there are no data on the effect of fluoxetine or its metabolites on milk production. the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for fluoxetine and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from fluoxetine or the underlying maternal condition. clinical considerations infants exposed to fluoxetine should be monitored for agitation, irritability, poor feeding, and poor weight gain. data a study of 19 nursing mothers on fluoxetine with daily doses of 10 to 60 mg showed that fluoxetine was detectable in 30% of nursing infant sera (range: 1 to 84 ng/ml) whereas norfluoxetine was found in 85% (range: <1 to 265 ng/ml). use of fluoxetine in children - the efficacy of fluoxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder was demonstrated in two 8- to 9-week placebo-controlled clinical trials with 315 pediatric outpatients ages 8 to ≤18 [see clinical studies (14.1) ]. the efficacy of fluoxetine for the treatment of ocd was demonstrated in one 13-week placebo-controlled clinical trial with 103 pediatric outpatients ages 7 to <18 [see clinical studies (14.2) ]. the safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients <8 years of age in major depressive disorder and <7 years of age in ocd have not been established. fluoxetine pharmacokinetics were evaluated in 21 pediatric patients (ages 6 to ≤18) with major depressive disorder or ocd [see clinical pharmacology (12.3) ]. the acute adverse reaction profiles observed in the 3 studies (n=418 randomized; 228 fluoxetine-treated, 190 placebo-treated) were generally similar to that observed in adult studies with fluoxetine. the longer-term adverse reaction profile observed in the 19-week major depressive disorder study (n=219 randomized; 109 fluoxetine-treated, 110 placebo-treated) was also similar to that observed in adult trials with fluoxetine [see adverse reactions (6.1) ]. manic reaction, including mania and hypomania, was reported in 6 (1 mania, 5 hypomania) out of 228 (2.6%) fluoxetine-treated patients and in 0 out of 190 (0%) placebo-treated patients. mania/hypomania led to the discontinuation of 4 (1.8%) fluoxetine-treated patients from the acute phases of the 3 studies combined. consequently, regular monitoring for the occurrence of mania/hypomania is recommended. as with other ssris, decreased weight gain has been observed in association with the use of fluoxetine in children and adolescent patients. after 19 weeks of treatment in a clinical trial, pediatric subjects treated with fluoxetine gained an average of 1.1 cm less in height and 1.1 kg less in weight than subjects treated with placebo. in addition, fluoxetine treatment was associated with a decrease in alkaline phosphatase levels. the safety of fluoxetine treatment for pediatric patients has not been systematically assessed for chronic treatment longer than several months in duration. in particular, there are no studies that directly evaluate the longer-term effects of fluoxetine on the growth, development and maturation of children and adolescent patients. therefore, height and weight should be monitored periodically in pediatric patients receiving fluoxetine [see warnings and precautions (5.6) ]. fluoxetine is approved for use in pediatric patients with mdd and ocd [see box warning and warnings and precautions (5.1) ]. anyone considering the use of fluoxetine in a child or adolescent must balance the potential risks with the clinical need. animal data - significant toxicity on muscle tissue, neurobehavior, reproductive organs, and bone development has been observed following exposure of juvenile rats to fluoxetine from weaning through maturity. oral administration of fluoxetine to rats from weaning postnatal day 21 through adulthood day 90 at 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day was associated with testicular degeneration and necrosis, epididymal vacuolation and hypospermia (at 30 mg/kg/day corresponding to plasma exposures [auc] approximately 5 to 10 times the average auc in pediatric patients at the mrhd of 20 mg/day), increased serum levels of creatine kinase (at auc as low as 1 to 2 times the average auc in pediatric patients at the mrhd of 20 mg/day), skeletal muscle degeneration and necrosis, decreased femur length/growth and body weight gain (at auc 5 to 10 times the average auc in pediatric patients at the mrhd of 20 mg/day). the high dose of 30 mg/kg/day exceeded a maximum tolerated dose. when animals were evaluated after a drug-free period (up to 11 weeks after cessation of dosing), fluoxetine was associated with neurobehavioral abnormalities (decreased reactivity at auc as low as approximately 0.1 to 0.2 times the average auc in pediatric patients at the mrhd and learning deficit at the high dose), and reproductive functional impairment (decreased mating at all doses and impaired fertility at the high dose). in addition, the testicular and epididymal microscopic lesions and decreased sperm concentrations found in high dose group were also observed, indicating that the drug effects on reproductive organs are irreversible. the reversibility of fluoxetine-induced muscle damage was not assessed. these fluoxetine toxicities in juvenile rats have not been observed in adult animals. plasma exposures (auc) to fluoxetine in juvenile rats receiving 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day doses in this study are approximately 0.1 to 0.2, 1 to 2, and 5 to 10 times, respectively, the average exposure in pediatric patients receiving the mrhd of 20 mg/day. rat exposures to the major metabolite, norfluoxetine, are approximately 0.3 to 0.8, 1 to 8, and 3 to 20 times, respectively, the pediatric exposure at the mrhd. a specific effect on bone development was reported in juvenile mice administered fluoxetine by the intraperitoneal route to 4 week old mice for 4 weeks at doses 0.5 and 2 times the oral mrhd of 20 mg/day on mg/m2 basis. there was a decrease in bone mineralization and density at both doses, but the overall growth (body weight gain or femur length) was not affected. use of fluoxetine in combination with olanzapine in children and adolescents: safety and efficacy of fluoxetine and olanzapine in combination in patients 10 to 17 years of age have been established for the acute treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar i disorder. safety and effectiveness of fluoxetine and olanzapine in combination in patients less than 10 years of age have not been established. us fluoxetine clinical trials included 687 patients ≥65 years of age and 93 patients ≥75 years of age. the efficacy in geriatric patients has been established [see clinical studies (14.1) ]. for pharmacokinetic information in geriatric patients, [see clinical pharmacology (12.4) ]. no overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. snris and ssris, including fluoxetine, have been associated with cases of clinically significant hyponatremia in elderly patients, who may be at greater risk for this adverse reaction [see warnings and precautions (5.9) ]. clinical studies of olanzapine and fluoxetine in combination did not include sufficient numbers of patients ≥65 years of age to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. in subjects with cirrhosis of the liver, the clearances of fluoxetine and its active metabolite, norfluoxetine, were decreased, thus increasing the elimination half-lives of these substances. a lower or less frequent dose of fluoxetine should be used in patients with cirrhosis. caution is advised when using fluoxetine in patients with diseases or conditions that could affect its metabolism [see dosage and administration (2.7) and clinical pharmacology (12.4) ]. fluoxetine has not been systematically studied, in animals or humans, for its potential for abuse, tolerance, or physical dependence. while the premarketing clinical experience with fluoxetine did not reveal any tendency for a withdrawal syndrome or any drug seeking behavior, these observations were not systematic and it is not possible to predict on the basis of this limited experience the extent to which a cns active drug will be misused, diverted, and/or abused once marketed. consequently, healthcare providers should carefully evaluate patients for history of drug abuse and follow such patients closely, observing them for signs of misuse or abuse of fluoxetine (e.g., development of tolerance, incrementation of dose, drug-seeking behavior).

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mayne pharma inc. - amiodarone hydrochloride (unii: 976728sy6z) (amiodarone - unii:n3rq532iut) - amiodarone hydrochloride 200 mg - because of its life-threatening side effects and the substantial management difficulties associated with its use (see “ warnings ” below), amiodarone is indicated only for the treatment of the following documented, life-threatening recurrent ventricular arrhythmias when these have not responded to documented adequate doses of other available antiarrhythmics or when alternative agents could not be tolerated. - recurrent ventricular fibrillation. - recurrent hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia. as is the case for other antiarrhythmic agents, there is no evidence from controlled trials that the use of amiodarone favorably affects survival. amiodarone should be used only by physicians familiar with and with access to (directly or through referral) the use of all available modalities for treating recurrent life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, and who have access to appropriate monitoring facilities, including in-hospital and ambulatory continuous electrocardiographic monitoring and electrophysio

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preferred pharmaceuticals, inc. - hydrocodone bitartrate (unii: no70w886kk) (hydrocodone - unii:6yks4y3wq7), acetaminophen (unii: 362o9itl9d) (acetaminophen - unii:362o9itl9d) - hydrocodone bitartrate 5 mg - hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets are indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. limitations of use because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse, with opioids, even at recommended doses [see warnings ], reserve hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics): hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets are contraindicated in patients with: hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets contain hydrocodone, a schedule ii controlled substance. hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets contain hydrocodone, a substance with a high potential for abuse similar to other opioids including fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, and tapentadol, can be abused and is subject to misuse, addiction, and criminal diversion [see warnings ]. all patients treated with o

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preferred pharmaceuticals inc. - acetaminophen (unii: 362o9itl9d) (acetaminophen - unii:362o9itl9d), codeine phosphate (unii: gsl05y1mn6) (codeine anhydrous - unii:ux6owy2v7j) - acetaminophen 300 mg - acetaminophen and codeine phosphate tablets are indicated for the management of mild to moderate pain, where treatment with an opioid is appropriate and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. limitations of use because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse, with opioids, even at recommended doses [see warnings ], reserve acetaminophen and codeine phosphate tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options [e.g., non-opioid analgesics] acetaminophen and codeine phosphate tablets are contraindicated for: acetaminophen and codeine phosphate tablets are contraindicated in patients with: acetaminophen and codeine phosphate tablets contain codeine. codeine in combination with acetaminophen, a schedule iii controlled substance. acetaminophen and codeine phosphate tablets contain codeine, a substance with a high potential for abuse similar to other opioids, including fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, and tapentadol. acetaminophen and c

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mylan pharmaceuticals inc. - esomeprazole magnesium (unii: r6dxu4way9) (esomeprazole - unii:n3pa6559ft) - esomeprazole 20 mg - esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules are indicated for the short-term treatment (4 to 8 weeks) in the healing and symptomatic resolution of diagnostically confirmed ee in adults. for those patients who have not healed after 4 to 8 weeks of treatment, an additional 4- to 8-week course of esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules may be considered. esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules are indicated for the short-term treatment (4 to 8 weeks) for the healing of ee in pediatric patients 12 years to 17 years of age. esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules are indicated for the maintenance of healing of ee in adults. controlled studies do not extend beyond 6 months. esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules are indicated for short-term treatment (4 to 8 weeks) of heartburn and other symptoms associated with gerd in adults. esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules are indicated for short-term treatment (4 weeks) of heartburn and other symptoms associated with gerd in pediatric patients 12 years to 17 years of age. esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules are indicated for the reduction in the occurrence of gastric ulcers associated with continuous nsaid therapy in adult patients at risk for developing gastric ulcers. patients are considered to be at risk due to their age (60 years and older) and/or documented history of gastric ulcers. controlled studies do not extend beyond 6 months. eradication of h. pylori has been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence. esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with h. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease (active or history of within the past 5 years) to eradicate h. pylori . in patients who fail therapy, susceptibility testing should be done. if resistance to clarithromycin is demonstrated or susceptibility testing is not possible, alternative antimicrobial therapy should be instituted [see clinical pharmacology (12.4) and the prescribing information for clarithromycin] . esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules are indicated for the long-term treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, including zollinger-ellison syndrome, in adults. there are no adequate and well-controlled studies with esomeprazole in pregnant women. esomeprazole is the s-isomer of omeprazole. available epidemiologic data fail to demonstrate an increased risk of major congenital malformations or other adverse pregnancy outcomes with first trimester omeprazole use (see data) . reproduction studies in rats and rabbits resulted in dose-dependent embryo-lethality at omeprazole doses that were approximately 3.4 to 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg (based on a body surface area for a 60 kg person). teratogenicity was not observed in animal reproduction studies with administration of oral esomeprazole magnesium in rats and rabbits with doses about 68 times and 42 times, respectively, an oral human dose of 40 mg (based on a body surface area basis for a 60 kg person). changes in bone morphology were observed in offspring of rats dosed through most of pregnancy and lactation at doses equal to or greater than approximately 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg. when maternal administration was confined to gestation only, there were no effects on bone physeal morphology in the offspring at any age (see data) . the estimated background risks of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population are unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. esomeprazole is the s-isomer of omeprazole. four epidemiological studies compared the frequency of congenital abnormalities among infants born to women who used omeprazole during pregnancy with the frequency of abnormalities among infants of women exposed to h2 -receptor antagonists or other controls. a population-based retrospective cohort epidemiological study from the swedish medical birth registry, covering approximately 99% of pregnancies, from 1995 to 1999, reported on 955 infants (824 exposed during the first trimester with 39 of these exposed beyond first trimester, and 131 exposed after the first trimester) whose mothers used omeprazole during pregnancy. the number of infants exposed in utero to omeprazole that had any malformation, low birth weight, low apgar score, or hospitalization was similar to the number observed in this population. the number of infants born with ventricular septal defects and the number of stillborn infants was slightly higher in the omeprazole-exposed infants than the expected number in this population. a population-based retrospective cohort study covering all live births in denmark from 1996 to 2009, reported on 1,800 live births whose mothers used omeprazole during the first trimester of pregnancy and 837,317 live births whose mothers did not use any proton pump inhibitor. the overall rate of birth defects in infants born to mothers with first trimester exposure to omeprazole was 2.9% and 2.6% in infants born to mothers not exposed to any proton pump inhibitor during the first trimester. a retrospective cohort study reported on 689 pregnant women exposed to either h2 -blockers or omeprazole in the first trimester (134 exposed to omeprazole) and 1,572 pregnant women unexposed to either during the first trimester. the overall malformation rate in offspring born to mothers with first trimester exposure to omeprazole, an h2 -blocker, or were unexposed was 3.6%, 5.5%, and 4.1%, respectively. a small prospective observational cohort study followed 113 women exposed to omeprazole during pregnancy (89% with first trimester exposures). the reported rate of major congenital malformations was 4% in the omeprazole group, 2% in controls exposed to non-teratogens, and 2.8% in disease paired controls. rates of spontaneous and elective abortions, preterm deliveries, gestational age at delivery, and mean birth weight were similar among the groups. several studies have reported no apparent adverse short-term effects on the infant when single dose oral or intravenous omeprazole was administered to over 200 pregnant women as premedication for cesarean section under general anesthesia. omeprazole reproductive studies conducted with omeprazole in rats at oral doses up to 138 mg/kg/day (about 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis) and in rabbits at doses up to 69.1 mg/kg/day (about 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis) during organogenesis did not disclose any evidence for a teratogenic potential of omeprazole. in rabbits, omeprazole in a dose range of 6.9 to 69.1 mg/kg/day (about 3.4 to 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis) administered during organogenesis produced dose-related increases in embryo-lethality, fetal resorptions, and pregnancy disruptions. in rats, dose-related embryo/fetal toxicity and postnatal developmental toxicity were observed in offspring resulting from parents treated with omeprazole at 13.8 to 138.0 mg/kg/day (about 3.4 to 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis), administered prior to mating through the lactation period. esomeprazole no effects on embryo-fetal development were observed in reproduction studies with esomeprazole magnesium in rats at oral doses up to 280 mg/kg/day (about 68 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis) or in rabbits at oral doses up to 86 mg/kg/day (about 41 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis) administered during organogenesis. a pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity study in rats with additional endpoints to evaluate bone development was performed with esomeprazole magnesium at oral doses of 14 to 280 mg/kg/day (about 3.4 to 68 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). neonatal/early postnatal (birth to weaning) survival was decreased at doses equal to or greater than 138 mg/kg/day (about 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). body weight and body weight gain were reduced and neurobehavioral or general developmental delays in the immediate post-weaning timeframe were evident at doses equal to or greater than 69 mg/kg/day (about 17 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). in addition, decreased femur length, width and thickness of cortical bone, decreased thickness of the tibial growth plate and minimal to mild bone marrow hypocellularity were noted at doses equal to or greater than 14 mg/kg/day (about 3.4 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). physeal dysplasia in the femur was observed in offspring of rats treated with oral doses of esomeprazole magnesium at doses equal to or greater than 138 mg/kg/day (about 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). effects on maternal bone were observed in pregnant and lactating rats in a pre- and postnatal toxicity study when esomeprazole magnesium was administered at oral doses of 14 to 280 mg/kg/day (about 3.4 to 68 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). when rats were dosed from gestational day 7 through weaning on postnatal day 21, a statistically significant decrease in maternal femur weight of up to 14% (as compared to placebo treatment) was observed at doses equal to or greater than 138 mg/kg/day (about 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). a pre- and postnatal development study in rats with esomeprazole strontium (using equimolar doses compared to esomeprazole magnesium study) produced similar results in dams and pups as described above. a follow-up developmental toxicity study in rats with further time points to evaluate pup bone development from postnatal day 2 to adulthood was performed with esomeprazole magnesium at oral doses of 280 mg/kg/day (about 68 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis) where esomeprazole administration was from either gestational day 7 or gestational day 16 until parturition. when maternal administration was confined to gestation only, there were no effects on bone physeal morphology in the offspring at any age. esomeprazole is the s-isomer of omeprazole and limited data suggest that omeprazole may be present in human milk. there are no clinical data on the effects of esomeprazole on the breastfed infant or on milk production. the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules or from the underlying maternal condition. the safety and effectiveness of esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules have been established in pediatric patients 12 years to 17 years for short-term treatment (4 to 8 weeks) for healing of ee. use of esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules for this indication is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies in adults with additional safety and pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients 1 year to 17 years of age. the safety profile in pediatric patients 1 year to 17 years of age was similar to adults [see adverse reactions (6.1), clinical pharmacology (12.3), clinical studies (14.4)] . the safety and effectiveness of esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules have been established in pediatric patients 12 years to 17 years of age for the short-term treatment (4 weeks) of heartburn and other symptoms associated with gerd. use of esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules for this indication is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies in adults with additional safety and pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients 1 year to 17 years of age. the safety profile in pediatric patients 1 year to 17 years of age was similar to adults [see adverse reactions (6.1), clinical pharmacology (12.3), clinical studies (14.4)] . the safety and effectiveness of esomeprazole for the risk reduction of nsaid-associated gastric ulcer, h. pylori eradication to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence and treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions have not been established in pediatric patients. in a juvenile rat toxicity study, esomeprazole was administered with both magnesium and strontium salts at oral doses about 34 to 68 times a daily human dose of 40 mg based on body surface area. increases in death were seen at the high dose, and at all doses of esomeprazole, there were decreases in body weight, body weight gain, femur weight and femur length, and decreases in overall growth [see nonclinical toxicology (13.2)] . of the total number of patients who received esomeprazole in clinical trials, 1459 were 65 to 74 years of age and 354 patients were 75 years of age and older. no overall differences in safety and efficacy were observed between the elderly and younger individuals, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. in patients with severe hepatic impairment (child-pugh class c) exposure to esomeprazole substantially increased compared to healthy subjects. dosage modification of esomeprazole is recommended for patients with severe hepatic impairment for the healing of ee, risk reduction of nsaid-associated gastric ulcer, h. pylori eradication to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence, and pathological hypersecretory conditions including zollinger-ellison syndrome [see dosage and administration (2.1), clinical pharmacology (12.3)] . in patients with mild to moderate liver impairment (child-pugh classes a and b), no dosage adjustment is necessary. esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules, usp (es″ oh mep′ ra zole mag nee′ zee um) giving esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules with water through a nasogastric tube (ng tube) esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules: this instructions for use has been approved by the u.s. food and drug administration. the brands listed are trademarks of their respective owners. manufactured for: mylan pharmaceuticals inc. morgantown, wv 26505   u.s.a. manufactured by: mylan laboratories limited hyderabad — 500 096, india revised: 11/2023 75100442 mx:esome:r8m/mx:mg:esome:r5m

Jungtinės Valstijos - anglų - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

actavis pharma, inc. - hydrocodone bitartrate (unii: no70w886kk) (hydrocodone - unii:6yks4y3wq7), acetaminophen (unii: 362o9itl9d) (acetaminophen - unii:362o9itl9d) - hydrocodone bitartrate 5 mg - hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets are indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. limitations of use because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse, with opioids, even at recommended doses [see warnings ], reserve hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics): - have not been tolerated, or are not expected to be tolerated, - have not provided adequate analgesia, or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets are contraindicated in patients with: - significant respiratory depression [see warnings ] - acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment [see warnings ] - known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction, including paralytic ileus [see warnings ] - hypersensitivity to hydrocodone or acetaminophen

Jungtinės Valstijos - anglų - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

preferred pharmaceuticals, inc. - diazepam (unii: q3jtx2q7tu) (diazepam - unii:q3jtx2q7tu) - diazepam 5 mg - diazepam tablets are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic. in acute alcohol withdrawal, diazepam tablets may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, impending or acute delirium tremens and hallucinosis. diazepam is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathology (such as inflammation of the muscles or joints, or secondary to trauma), spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders (such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia), athetosis, and stiff-man syndrome. oral diazepam may be used adjunctively in convulsive disorders, although it has not proved useful as the sole therapy. the effectiveness of diazepam in long-term use, that is, more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinical studies. the physician should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient. diazepam tablets are contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to diazepam and, because of lack of sufficient clinical experience, in pediatric patients under 6 months of age. diazepam tablets are also contraindicated in patients with myasthenia gravis, severe respiratory insufficiency, severe hepatic insufficiency, and sleep apnea syndrome. they may be used in patients with open-angle glaucoma who are receiving appropriate therapy, but are contraindicated in acute narrow-angle glaucoma. diazepam tablets contain diazepam, a schedule iv controlled substance. diazepam is a benzodiazepine and a cns depressant with a potential for abuse and addiction. abuse is the intentional, non-therapeutic use of a drug, even once, for its desirable psychological or physiological effects. misuse is the intentional use, for therapeutic purposes, of a drug by an individual in a way other than prescribed by a health care provider or for whom it was not prescribed. drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling drug use (e.g., continuing drug use despite harmful consequences, giving a higher priority to drug use than other activities and obligations), and possible tolerance or physical dependence. even taking benzodiazepines as prescribed may put patients at risk for abuse and misuse of their medication. abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines may lead to addiction. abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines often (but not always) involve the use of doses greater than the maximum recommended dosage and commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes, including respiratory depression, overdose, or death. benzodiazepines are often sought by individuals who abuse drugs and other substances, and by individuals with addictive disorders (see warnings: abuse, misuse, and addiction ). the following adverse reactions have occurred with benzodiazepine abuse and/or misuse: abdominal pain, amnesia, anorexia, anxiety, aggression, ataxia, blurred vision, confusion, depression, disinhibition, disorientation, dizziness, euphoria, impaired concentration and memory, indigestion, irritability, muscle pain, slurred speech, tremors, and vertigo. the following severe adverse reactions have occurred with benzodiazepine abuse and/or misuse: delirium, paranoia, suicidal ideation and behavior, seizures, coma, breathing difficulty, and death. death is more often associated with polysubstance use (especially benzodiazepines with other cns depressants such as opioids and alcohol). diazepam may produce physical dependence from continued therapy. physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug use, manifested by withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug. abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of benzodiazepines or administration of flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, including seizures, which can be life-threatening. patients at an increased risk of withdrawal adverse reactions after benzodiazepine discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction include those who take higher dosages (i.e., higher and/or more frequent doses), those who have had longer durations of use (see warnings: dependence and withdrawal reactions ). to reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue diazepam tablets or reduce the dosage (see dosage and administration: discontinuation or dosage reduction of diazepam tablets  and warnings: dependence and withdrawal reactions ). acute withdrawal signs and symptoms associated with benzodiazepines have included abnormal involuntary movements, anxiety, blurred vision, depersonalization, depression, derealization, dizziness, fatigue, gastrointestinal adverse reactions (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, decreased appetite), headache, hyperacusis, hypertension, irritability, insomnia, memory impairment, muscle pain and stiffness, panic attacks, photophobia, restlessness, tachycardia, and tremor. more severe acute withdrawal signs and symptoms, including life-threatening reactions, have included catatonia, convulsions, delirium tremens, depression, hallucinations, mania, psychosis, seizures, and suicidality. protracted withdrawal syndrome associated with benzodiazepines is characterized by anxiety, cognitive impairment, depression, insomnia, formication, motor symptoms (e.g., weakness, tremor, muscle twitches), paresthesia, and tinnitus that persists beyond 4 to 6 weeks after initial benzodiazepine withdrawal. protracted withdrawal symptoms may last weeks to more than 12 months. as a result, there may be difficulty in differentiating withdrawal symptoms from potential re-emergence or continuation of symptoms for which the benzodiazepine was being used; however, little tolerance develops to the amnestic reactions and other cognitive impairments caused by benzodiazepines. tolerance to diazepam may develop from continued therapy. tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher dose of a drug is required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower dose). tolerance to the therapeutic effect of diazepam may develop; however, little tolerance develops to the amnestic reactions and other cognitive impairments caused by benzodiazepines.

Jungtinės Valstijos - anglų - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

nucare pharmaceuticals, inc. - carbamazepine (unii: 33cm23913m) (carbamazepine - unii:33cm23913m) - carbamazepine 200 mg - carbamazepine is indicated for use as an anticonvulsant drug. evidence supporting efficacy of carbamazepine as an anticonvulsant was derived from active drug-controlled studies that enrolled patients with the following seizure types: - partial seizures with complex symptomatology (psychomotor, temporal lobe). patients with these seizures appear to show greater improvement than those with other types. - generalized tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal). - mixed seizure patterns which include the above, or other partial or generalized seizures. absence seizures (petit mal) do not appear to be controlled by carbamazepine (see precautions, general). carbamazepine is indicated in the treatment of the pain associated with true trigeminal neuralgia. beneficial results have also been reported in glossopharyngeal neuralgia. this drug is not a simple analgesic and should not be used for the relief of trivial aches or pains. carbamazepine should not be used in patients with a history of previous bone marro