미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

golden state medical supply, inc. - tramadol hydrochloride (unii: 9n7r477wck) (tramadol - unii:39j1lgj30j) - tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg - tramadol hydrochloride tablets are indicated in adults for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. limitations of use because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, which can occur at any dosage or duration [see warnings and precautions ( 5.1)] , reserve tramadol hydrochloride tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options [e.g., non-opioid analgesics or opioid combination products]: - have not been tolerated or are not expected to be tolerated. - have not provided adequate analgesia or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia. tramadol hydrochloride tablets should not be used for an extended period of time unless the pain remains severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatment options continue to be inadequate. tramadol hydrochloride tablets are contraindicated for: - all children younger than 12 years of age [see warnings and precautions ( 5.6)] . - postoperative management in children younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy [see warnings and precautions ( 5.6)] . tramadol hydrochloride tablets are also contraindicated in patients with: - significant respiratory depression [see warnings and precautions ( 5.2)] . - acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment [see warnings and precautions ( 5.12)] . - known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction, including paralytic ileus [see warnings and precautions ( 5.16)] . - hypersensitivity to tramadol, any other component of this product or opioids [see warnings and precautions ( 5.17)] . - concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (maois) or use within the last 14 days [see drug interactions ( 7)] . risk summary use of opioid analgesics for an extended period of time during pregnancy may cause neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome [see warnings and precautions ( 5.4)] . available data with tramadol hydrochloride tablets in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. in animal reproduction studies, tramadol administration during organogenesis decreased fetal weights and reduced ossification in mice, rats, and rabbits at 1.4, 0.6, and 3.6 times the maximum recommended human daily dosage (mrhd). tramadol decreased pup body weight and increased pup mortality at 1.2 and 1.9 times the mrhd [see data] . based on animal data, advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. clinical considerations fetal/neonatal adverse reactions use of opioid analgesics for an extended period of time during pregnancy for medical or nonmedical purposes can result in respiratory depression and physical dependence in the neonate and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome shortly after birth. neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome can present as irritability, hyperactivity and abnormal sleep pattern, high pitched cry, tremor, vomiting, diarrhea and failure to gain weight. the onset, duration, and severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome vary based on the specific opioid used, duration of use, timing and amount of last maternal use, and rate of elimination of the drug by the newborn. observe newborns for symptoms and signs of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and manage accordingly [see warnings and precautions ( 5.4)] . neonatal seizures, neonatal withdrawal syndrome, fetal death and still birth have been reported during postmarketing. labor or delivery opioids cross the placenta and may produce respiratory depression and psycho-physiologic effects in neonates. an opioid antagonist, such as naloxone, must be available for reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression in the neonate. tramadol hydrochloride tablets are not recommended for use in pregnant women during or immediately prior to labor, when other analgesic techniques are more appropriate. opioid analgesics, including tramadol hydrochloride tablets, can prolong labor through actions which temporarily reduce the strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions. however, this effect is not consistent and may be offset by an increased rate of cervical dilation, which tends to shorten labor. monitor neonates exposed to opioid analgesics during labor for signs of excess sedation and respiratory depression. tramadol has been shown to cross the placenta. the mean ratio of serum tramadol in the umbilical veins compared to maternal veins was 0.83 for 40 women given tramadol during labor. the effect of tramadol hydrochloride tablets, if any, on the later growth, development, and functional maturation of the child is unknown. data animal data tramadol has been shown to be embryotoxic and fetotoxic in mice, (120 mg/kg), rats (25 mg/kg) and rabbits (75 mg/kg) at maternally toxic dosages, but was not teratogenic at these dose levels. these doses on a mg/m 2 basis are 1.4, 0.6, and 3.6 times the maximum recommended human daily dosage (mrhd) for mouse, rat and rabbit, respectively. no drug-related teratogenic effects were observed in progeny of mice (up to 140 mg/kg), rats (up to 80 mg/kg) or rabbits (up to 300 mg/kg) treated with tramadol by various routes. embryo and fetal toxicity consisted primarily of decreased fetal weights, decreased skeletal ossification and increased supernumerary ribs at maternally toxic dose levels. transient delays in developmental or behavioral parameters were also seen in pups from rat dams allowed to deliver. embryo and fetal lethality were reported only in one rabbit study at 300 mg/kg, a dose that would cause extreme maternal toxicity in the rabbit. the dosages listed for mouse, rat and rabbit are 1.7, 1.9 and 14.6 times the mrhd, respectively. tramadol was evaluated in pre- and post-natal studies in rats. progeny of dams receiving oral (gavage) dose levels of 50 mg/kg (1.2 times the mrhd) or greater had decreased weights, and pup survival was decreased early in lactation at 80 mg/kg (1.9 times the mrhd). risk summary tramadol hydrochloride tablets are not recommended for obstetrical preoperative medication or for post-delivery analgesia in nursing mothers because its safety in infants and newborns has not been studied. tramadol and its metabolite, o -desmethyltramadol (m1), are present in human milk. there is no information on the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant or the effects of the drug on milk production. the m1 metabolite is more potent than tramadol in mu opioid receptor binding [see clinical pharmacology ( 12)] . published studies have reported tramadol and m1 in colostrum with administration of tramadol to nursing mothers in the early post-partum period. women who are ultra-rapid metabolizers of tramadol may have higher than expected serum levels of m1, potentially leading to higher levels of m1 in breast milk that can be dangerous in their breastfed infants. in women with normal tramadol metabolism, the amount of tramadol secreted into human milk is low and dose-dependent. because of the potential for serious adverse reactions, including excess sedation and respiratory depression in a breastfed infant, advise patients that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with tramadol hydrochloride tablets  [see warnings and precautions ( 5.6)] . clinical considerations if infants are exposed to tramadol hydrochloride through breast milk, they should be monitored for excess sedation and respiratory depression. withdrawal symptoms can occur in breastfed infants when maternal administration of an opioid analgesic is stopped, or when breast-feeding is stopped. data following a single iv 100 mg dose of tramadol, the cumulative excretion in breast milk within 16 hours post dose was 100 mcg of tramadol (0.1% of the maternal dose) and 27 mcg of m1. infertility use of opioids for an extended period of time may cause reduced fertility in females and males of reproductive potential. it is not known whether these effects on fertility are reversible [see adverse reactions ( 6.2)] . the safety and effectiveness of tramadol hydrochloride tablets in pediatric patients have not been established. life-threatening respiratory depression and death have occurred in children who received tramadol [see warnings and precautions ( 5.6)] . in some of the reported cases, these events followed tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, and one of the children had evidence of being an ultra-rapid metabolizer of tramadol (i.e., multiple copies of the gene for cytochrome p450 isoenzyme 2d6). children with sleep apnea may be particularly sensitive to the respiratory depressant effects of tramadol. because of the risk of life-threatening respiratory depression and death: - tramadol hydrochloride tablets are contraindicated for all children younger than 12 years of age [see contraindications ( 4)] . - tramadol hydrochloride tablets are contraindicated for postoperative management in pediatric patients younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy [see contraindications ( 4)] . avoid the use of tramadol hydrochloride tablets in adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who have other risk factors that may increase their sensitivity to the respiratory depressant effects of tramadol unless the benefits outweigh the risks. risk factors include conditions associated with hypoventilation such as postoperative status, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, severe pulmonary disease, neuromuscular disease, and concomitant use of other medications that cause respiratory depression. a total of 455 elderly (65 years of age or older) subjects were exposed to tramadol hydrochloride tablets in controlled clinical trials. of those, 145 subjects were 75 years of age and older. in studies including geriatric patients, treatment-limiting adverse events were higher in subjects over 75 years of age compared to those under 65 years of age. specifically, 30% of those over 75 years of age had gastrointestinal treatment-limiting adverse events compared to 17% of those under 65 years of age. constipation resulted in discontinuation of treatment in 10% of those over 75. respiratory depression is the chief risk for elderly patients treated with opioids, and has occurred after large initial doses were administered to patients who were not opioid-tolerant or when opioids were co-administered with other agents that depress respiration. titrate the dosage of tramadol hydrochloride tablets slowly in geriatric patients starting at the low end of the dosing range and frequently reevaluate the patient for signs of central nervous system and respiratory depression [see warnings and precautions ( 5.12)] . tramadol is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function. impaired renal function results in a decreased rate and extent of excretion of tramadol and its active metabolite, m1. in patients with creatinine clearances of less than 30 ml/min, dosing reduction is recommended [see dosage and administration ( 2.3)] . metabolism of tramadol and m1 is reduced in patients with severe hepatic impairment based on a study in patients with advanced cirrhosis of the liver. in patients with severe hepatic impairment, dosing reduction is recommended [see dosage and administration ( 2.3)] . with the prolonged half-life in these conditions, achievement of steady-state is delayed, so that it may take several days for elevated plasma concentrations to develop. tramadol hydrochloride tablets contain tramadol, a schedule iv controlled substance. tramadol hydrochloride tablets contain tramadol, a substance with potential for misuse and abuse, which can lead to the development of substance use disorder, including addiction [see warnings and precautions ( 5.1)] . misuse is the intentional use, for therapeutic purposes, of a drug by an individual in a way other than prescribed by a healthcare provider or for whom it was not prescribed. abuse is the intentional, non-therapeutic use of a drug, even once, for its desirable psychological or physiological effects. drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling drug use (e.g., continuing drug use despite harmful consequences, giving a higher priority to drug use than other activities and obligations), and possible tolerance or physical dependence. misuse and abuse of tramadol hydrochloride tablets increases risk of overdose, which may lead to central nervous system and respiratory depression, hypotension, seizures, and death. the risk is increased with concurrent abuse of tramadol hydrochloride tablets with alcohol and other cns depressants. abuse of and addiction to opioids in some individuals may not be accompanied by concurrent tolerance and symptoms of physical dependence. in addition, abuse of opioids can occur in the absence of addiction. all patients treated with opioids require careful and frequent reevaluation for signs of misuse, abuse, and addiction, because use of opioid analgesic products carries the risk of addiction even under appropriate medical use. patients at high risk of tramadol hydrochloride tablets abuse include those with a history of prolonged use of any opioid, including products containing tramadol, those with a history of drug or alcohol abuse, or those who use tramadol hydrochloride tablets in combination with other abused drugs. “drug-seeking” behavior is very common in persons with substance use disorders. drug-seeking tactics include emergency calls or visits near the end of office hours, refusal to undergo appropriate examination, testing or referral, repeated “loss” of prescriptions, tampering with prescriptions, and reluctance to provide prior medical records or contact information for other treating healthcare provider(s). “doctor shopping” (visiting multiple prescribers to obtain additional prescriptions) is common among people who abuse drugs and people with substance use disorder. preoccupation with achieving adequate pain relief can be appropriate behavior in a patient with inadequate pain control. tramadol hydrochloride tablets, like other opioids, can be diverted for nonmedical use into illicit channels of distribution. careful record-keeping of prescribing information, including quantity, frequency, and renewal requests, as required by state and federal law, is strongly advised. proper assessment of the patient, proper prescribing practices, periodic reevaluation of therapy, and proper dispensing and storage are appropriate measures that help to limit abuse of opioid drugs. risks specific to abuse of tramadol hydrochloride tablets abuse of tramadol hydrochloride tablets poses a risk of overdose and death. the risk is increased with concurrent use of tramadol hydrochloride tablets with alcohol and/or other cns depressants. tramadol hydrochloride tablets are approved for oral use only. parenteral drug abuse is commonly associated with transmission of infectious diseases such as hepatitis and hiv. both tolerance and physical dependence can develop during use of opioid therapy. tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher dose of a drug is required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower dose). physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of a physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug use, manifested by withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug. withdrawal may be precipitated through the administration of drugs with opioid antagonist activity (e.g., naloxone), mixed agonist/antagonist analgesics (e.g., pentazocine, butorphanol, nalbuphine), or partial agonists (e.g., buprenorphine). physical dependence may not occur to a clinically significant degree until after several days to weeks of continued use. do not abruptly discontinue tramadol hydrochloride tablets in a patient physically dependent on opioids. rapid tapering of tramadol hydrochloride tablets in a patient physically dependent on opioids may lead to serious withdrawal symptoms, uncontrolled pain, and suicide. rapid discontinuation has also been associated with attempts to find other sources of opioid analgesics, which may be confused with drug-seeking for abuse. when discontinuing tramadol hydrochloride tablets, gradually taper the dosage using a patient-specific plan that considers the following: the dose of tramadol hydrochloride tablets the patient has been taking, the duration of treatment, and the physical and psychological attributes of the patient. to improve the likelihood of a successful taper and minimize withdrawal symptoms, it is important that the opioid tapering schedule is agreed upon by the patient. in patients taking opioids for an extended period of time at high doses, ensure that a multimodal approach to pain management, including mental health support (if needed), is in place prior to initiating an opioid analgesic taper [see dosage and administration ( 2.5), warnings and precautions ( 5.18)] . infants born to mothers physically dependent on opioids will also be physically dependent and may exhibit respiratory difficulties and withdrawal signs [see use in specific populations ( 8.1)] .

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

golden state medical supply, inc. - diclofenac sodium (unii: qtg126297q) (diclofenac - unii:144o8ql0l1) - diclofenac sodium 50 mg - carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of diclofenac sodium delayed-release tablets and other treatment options before deciding to use diclofenac sodium delayed-release tablets. use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see warnings; gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration, and perforation) . diclofenac sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated: - for relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis - for relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis - for acute or long-term use in the relief of signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis diclofenac sodium delayed-release tablets are contraindicated in the following patients: - known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reactions and serious skin reactions) to diclofenac or any components of the drug product (see warnings; anaphylactic reactions, serious skin reactions)

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

golden state medical supply, inc. - piroxicam (unii: 13t4o6vmam) (piroxicam - unii:13t4o6vmam) - piroxicam 10 mg - carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of piroxicam capsules, usp and other treatment options before deciding to use piroxicam capsules, usp. use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see warnings ). piroxicam capsules, usp is indicated: - for relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis. - for relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. piroxicam capsules, usp is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to piroxicam. piroxicam capsules, usp should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other nsaids. severe, rarely fatal, anaphylactic-like reactions to nsaids have been reported in such patients (see warnings: anaphylactoid reactions and precautions: preexisting asthma ). piroxicam capsules, usp is contraindicated for the treatment of peri-operative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) surgery (see w

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

golden state medical supply, inc. - tamoxifen citrate (unii: 7frv7310n6) (tamoxifen - unii:094zi81y45) - tamoxifen 10 mg - tamoxifen citrate tablets are effective in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in women and men. in premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer, tamoxifen is an alternative to oophorectomy or ovarian irradiation. available evidence indicates that patients whose tumors are estrogen receptor positive are more likely to benefit from tamoxifen therapy. tamoxifen citrate tablets are indicated for the treatment of node-positive breast cancer in women following total mastectomy or segmental mastectomy, axillary dissection, and breast irradiation. in some tamoxifen adjuvant studies, most of the benefit to date has been in the subgroup with four or more positive axillary nodes. tamoxifen citrate tablets are indicated for the treatment of axillary node-negative breast cancer in women following total mastectomy or segmental mastectomy, axillary dissection, and breast irradiation. the estrogen and progesterone receptor values may help to predict whether adjuvant tamoxifen therapy is likely to be beneficial. t

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

golden state medical supply inc - alprazolam (unii: yu55mq3izy) (alprazolam - unii:yu55mq3izy) - alprazolam 0.25 mg - alprazolam tablets, usp (alprazolam) are indicated for the management of anxiety disorder (a condition corresponding most closely to the apa diagnostic and statistical manual [dsm-iii-r] diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder) or the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety. anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic. generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by unrealistic or excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation) about two or more life circumstances, for a period of six months or longer, during which the person has been bothered more days than not by these concerns. at least 6 of the following 18 symptoms are often present in these patients: motor tension (trembling, twitching, or feeling shaky; muscle tension, aches, or soreness; restlessness; easy fatigability); autonomic hyperactivity (shortness of breath or smothering sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; sweatin

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

golden state medical supply, inc. - rabeprazole sodium (unii: 3l36p16u4r) (rabeprazole - unii:32828355ll) - rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for short-term (4 to 8 weeks) treatment in the healing and symptomatic relief of erosive or ulcerative gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd). for those patients who have not healed after 8 weeks of treatment, an additional 8-week course of rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets may be considered. rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for maintaining healing and reduction in relapse rates of heartburn symptoms in patients with erosive or ulcerative gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd maintenance). controlled studies do not extend beyond 12 months. rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for the treatment of daytime and nighttime heartburn and other symptoms associated with gerd in adults for up to 4 weeks. rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for short-term (up to four weeks) treatment in the healing and symptomatic relief of duodenal ulcers. most patients heal within four weeks. rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets, in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin as a three drug regimen, are indicated for the treatment of patients with h. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease (active or history within the past 5 years) to eradicate h. pylori . eradication of h. pylori has been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence. in patients who fail therapy, susceptibility testing should be done. if resistance to clarithromycin is demonstrated or susceptibility testing is not possible, alternative antimicrobial therapy should be instituted [see clinical pharmacology ( 12.2) and the full prescribing information for clarithromycin ] . rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for the long-term treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, including zollinger-ellison syndrome. rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for the treatment of symptomatic gerd in adolescents 12 years of age and above for up to 8 weeks. - rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to rabeprazole, substituted benzimidazoles, or to any component of the formulation. hypersensitivity reactions may include anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, and urticaria [see warnings and precautions ( 5.3), adverse reactions ( 6)] . rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to rabeprazole, substituted benzimidazoles, or to any component of the formulation. hypersensitivity reactions may include anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, and urticaria [see warnings and precautions ( 5.3), adverse reactions ( 6)] . - ppis, including rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets, are contraindicated with rilpivirine-containing products [see drug interactions ( 7)] . ppis, including rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets, are contraindicated with rilpivirine-containing products [see drug interactions ( 7)] . - for information about contraindications of antibacterial agents (clarithromycin and amoxicillin) indicated in combination with rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets, refer to the contraindications section of their package inserts. for information about contraindications of antibacterial agents (clarithromycin and amoxicillin) indicated in combination with rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets, refer to the contraindications section of their package inserts. risk summary there are no available human data on rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets use in pregnant women to inform the drug associated risk. the background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations are unknown. however, the background risk in the u.s. general population of major birth defects is 2 to 4% and of miscarriage is 15 to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies. no evidence of adverse developmental effects were seen in animal reproduction studies with rabeprazole administered during organogenesis at 13 and 8 times the human area under the plasma concentration-time curve (auc) at the recommended dose for gerd, in rats and rabbits, respectively [see data] . changes in bone morphology were observed in offspring of rats treated with oral doses of a different ppi through most of pregnancy and lactation. when maternal administration was confined to gestation only, there were no effects on bone physeal morphology in the offspring at any age  [see  data] . data animal data embryo-fetal developmental studies have been performed in rats during organogenesis at intravenous doses of rabeprazole up to 50 mg/kg/day (plasma auc of 11.8 μg•hr/ml, about 13 times the human exposure at the recommended oral dose for gerd) and rabbits at intravenous doses up to 30 mg/kg/day (plasma auc of 7.3 μg•hr/ml, about 8 times the human exposure at the recommended oral dose for gerd) and have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to rabeprazole. administration of rabeprazole to rats in late gestation and during lactation at an oral dose of 400 mg/kg/day (about 195-times the human oral dose based on mg/m 2 ) resulted in decreases in body weight gain of the pups. a pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity study in rats with additional endpoints to evaluate bone development was performed with a different ppi at about 3.4 to 57 times an oral human dose on a body surface area basis. decreased femur length, width and thickness of cortical bone, decreased thickness of the tibial growth plate, and minimal to mild bone marrow hypocellularity were noted at doses of this ppi equal to or greater than 3.4 times an oral human dose on a body surface area basis. physeal dysplasia in the femur was also observed in offspring after in utero and lactational exposure to the ppi at doses equal to or greater than 33.6 times an oral human dose on a body surface area basis. effects on maternal bone were observed in pregnant and lactating rats in a pre- and postnatal toxicity study when the ppi was administered at oral doses of 3.4 to 57 times an oral human dose on a body surface area basis. when rats were dosed from gestational day 7 through weaning on postnatal day 21, a statistically significant decrease in maternal femur weight of up to 14% (as compared to placebo treatment) was observed at doses equal to or greater than 33.6 times an oral human dose on a body surface area basis. a follow-up developmental toxicity study in rats with further time points to evaluate pup bone development from postnatal day 2 to adulthood was performed with a different ppi at oral doses of 280 mg/kg/day (about 68 times an oral human dose on a body surface area basis) where drug administration was from either gestational day 7 or gestational day 16 until parturition. when maternal administration was confined to gestation only, there were no effects on bone physeal morphology in the offspring at any age. risk summary lactation studies have not been conducted to assess the presence of rabeprazole in human milk, the effects of rabeprazole on the breastfed infant, or the effects of rabeprazole on milk production. rabeprazole is present in rat milk. the development and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets or from the underlying maternal condition. the safety and effectiveness of rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets have been established in pediatric patients for adolescent patients 12 years of age and older for the treatment of symptomatic gerd. use of rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets in this age group is supported by adequate and well controlled studies in adults and a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study in 111 adolescent patients 12 to 16 years of age. patients had a clinical diagnosis of symptomatic gerd, or suspected or endoscopically proven gerd and were randomized to either 10 mg or 20 mg once daily for up to 8 weeks for the evaluation of safety and efficacy. the adverse reaction profile in adolescent patients was similar to that of adults. the related reported adverse reactions that occurred in ≥2% of patients were headache (5%) and nausea (2%). there were no adverse reactions reported in these studies that were not previously observed in adults.  the safety and effectiveness of rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets have not been established in pediatric patients for: - healing of erosive or ulcerative gerd healing of erosive or ulcerative gerd - maintenance of healing of erosive or ulcerative gerd maintenance of healing of erosive or ulcerative gerd - treatment of symptomatic gerd treatment of symptomatic gerd - healing of duodenal ulcers healing of duodenal ulcers - helicobacter pylori eradication to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence helicobacter pylori eradication to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence - treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, including zollinger-ellison syndrome treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, including zollinger-ellison syndrome rabeprazole sodium delayed-release 20 mg tablets are not recommended for use in pediatric patients less than 12 years of age because the tablet strength exceeds the recommended dose for these patients [see dosage and administration ( 2)] . for pediatric patients 1 year to less than 12 years of age consider another rabeprazole formulation. the safety and effectiveness of a different dosage form and dosage strength of rabeprazole has been established in pediatric patients 1 to 11 years for the treatment of gerd. juvenile animal data studies in juvenile and young adult rats and dogs were performed. in juvenile animal studies rabeprazole sodium was administered orally to rats for up to 5 weeks and to dogs for up to 13 weeks, each commencing on day 7 post-partum and followed by a 13-week recovery period. rats were dosed at 5, 25, or 150 mg/kg/day and dogs were dosed at 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day. the data from these studies were comparable to those reported for young adult animals. pharmacologically mediated changes, including increased serum gastrin levels and stomach changes, were observed at all dose levels in both rats and dogs. these observations were reversible over the 13-week recovery periods. although body weights and/or crown-rump lengths were minimally decreased during dosing, no effects on the development parameters were noted in either juvenile rats or dogs. when juvenile animals were treated for 28 days with a different ppi at doses equal to or greater than 34 times the daily oral human dose on a body surface area basis, overall growth was affected and treatment-related decreases in body weight (approximately 14%) and body weight gain, and decreases in femur weight and femur length were observed. of the total number of subjects (n=2009) in clinical studies of rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets, 19% were 65 years and over, while 4% were 75 years and over. no overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. administration of rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets to patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment (child-pugh class a and b, respectively) resulted in increased exposure and decreased elimination [see clinical pharmacology ( 12.3)] . no dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. there is no information in patients with severe hepatic impairment (child-pugh class c). avoid use of rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets in patients with severe hepatic impairment; however, if treatment is necessary, monitor patients for adverse reactions [see warnings and precautions ( 5), adverse reactions ( 6)] .

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

golden state medical supply, inc. - diclofenac potassium (unii: l4d5ua6cb4) (diclofenac - unii:144o8ql0l1) - carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of diclofenac potassium tablets and other treatment options before deciding to use diclofenac potassium tablets. use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see warnings: gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration, and perforation). diclofenac potassium tablets are indicated: - for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea - for relief of mild to moderate pain - for relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis - for relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis diclofenac potassium tablets are contraindicated in the following patients: - known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reactions and serious skin reactions) to diclofenac or any components of the drug product (see warnings: anaphylactic reactions, serious skin reactions). - history of asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other nsaids. severe, sometimes fat

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

golden state medical supply, inc. - tamoxifen citrate (unii: 7frv7310n6) (tamoxifen - unii:094zi81y45) - tamoxifen citrate tablets are effective in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in women and men. in premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer, tamoxifen is an alternative to oophorectomy or ovarian irradiation. available evidence indicates that patients whose tumors are estrogen receptor positive are more likely to benefit from tamoxifen therapy. tamoxifen citrate tablets are indicated for the treatment of node-positive breast cancer in women following total mastectomy or segmental mastectomy, axillary dissection, and breast irradiation. in some tamoxifen adjuvant studies, most of the benefit to date has been in the subgroup with four or more positive axillary nodes. tamoxifen citrate tablets are indicated for the treatment of axillary node-negative breast cancer in women following total mastectomy or segmental mastectomy, axillary dissection, and breast irradiation. the estrogen and progesterone receptor values may help to predict whether adjuvant tamoxifen therapy is likely to be beneficial. tamoxifen reduces the occurrence of contralateral breast cancer in patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. in women with dcis, following breast surgery and radiation, tamoxifen citrate tablets are indicated to reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer (see boxed warning at the beginning of the label). the decision regarding therapy with tamoxifen for the reduction in breast cancer incidence should be based upon an individual assessment of the benefits and risks of tamoxifen therapy. current data from clinical trials support 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for patients with breast cancer. tamoxifen citrate tablets are indicated to reduce the incidence of breast cancer in women at high risk for breast cancer. this effect was shown in a study of 5 years planned duration with a median follow-up of 4.2 years. twenty-five percent of the participants received drug for 5 years. the longer-term effects are not known. in this study, there was no impact of tamoxifen on overall or breast cancer-related mortality (see boxed warning at the beginning of the label). tamoxifen citrate tablets are indicated only for high-risk women. "high risk" is defined as women at least 35 years of age with a 5 year predicted risk of breast cancer ≥ 1.67%, as calculated by the gail model. examples of combinations of factors predicting a 5 year risk ≥ 1.67% are: age 35 or older and any of the following combination of factors: - one first degree relative with a history of breast cancer, 2 or more benign biopsies, and a history of a breast biopsy showing atypical hyperplasia; or - at least 2 first degree relatives with a history of breast cancer, and a personal history of at least 1 breast biopsy; or - lcis age 40 or older and any of the following combination of factors: - one first degree relative with a history of breast cancer, 2 or more benign biopsies, age at first live birth 25 or older, and age at menarche 11 or younger; or - at least 2 first degree relatives with a history of breast cancer, and age at first live birth 19 or younger; or - one first degree relative with a history of breast cancer, and a personal history of a breast biopsy showing atypical hyperplasia. age 45 or older and any of the following combination of factors: - at least 2 first degree relatives with a history of breast cancer and age at first live birth 24 or younger; or - one first degree relative with a history of breast cancer with a personal history of a benign breast biopsy, age at menarche 11 or less and age at first live birth 20 or more. age 50 or older and any of the following combination of factors: - at least 2 first degree relatives with a history of breast cancer; or - history of 1 breast biopsy showing atypical hyperplasia, and age at first live birth 30 or older and age at menarche 11 or less; or - history of at least 2 breast biopsies with a history of atypical hyperplasia, and age at first live birth 30 or more. age 55 or older and any of the following combination of factors: - one first degree relative with a history of breast cancer with a personal history of a benign breast biopsy, and age at menarche 11 or less; or - history of at least 2 breast biopsies with a history of atypical hyperplasia, and age at first live birth 20 or older. age 60 or older and: - five-year predicted risk of breast cancer ≥ 1.67%, as calculated by the gail model. for women whose risk factors are not described in the above examples, the gail model is necessary to estimate absolute breast cancer risk. health care professionals can obtain a gail model risk assessment tool by dialing 1-844-825-8500. there are insufficient data available regarding the effect of tamoxifen on breast cancer incidence in women with inherited mutations (brca1, brca2) to be able to make specific recommendations on the effectiveness of tamoxifen in these patients. after an assessment of the risk of developing breast cancer, the decision regarding therapy with tamoxifen for the reduction in breast cancer incidence should be based upon an individual assessment of the benefits and risks of tamoxifen therapy. in the nsabp p-1 trial, tamoxifen treatment lowered the risk of developing breast cancer during the follow-up period of the trial, but did not eliminate breast cancer risk (see table 3 in clinical pharmacology ). tamoxifen citrate tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its ingredients. tamoxifen citrate tablets are contraindicated in women who require concomitant coumarin-type anticoagulant therapy or in women with a history of deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolus.

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

golden state medical supply, inc. - dexlansoprazole (unii: uye4t5i70x) (dexlansoprazole - unii:uye4t5i70x) - dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules are indicated in patients 12 years of age and older for healing of all grades of erosive esophagitis (ee) for up to eight weeks. dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules are indicated in patients 12 years of age and older to maintain healing of ee and relief of heartburn for up to six months in adults and 16 weeks in patients 12 to 17 years of age. dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules are indicated in patients 12 years of age and older for the treatment of heartburn associated with symptomatic non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) for four weeks. - dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation [see description (11)] . hypersensitivity reactions may include anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and urticaria [see warnings and precautions (5.2), adverse reactions (6)] . - ppis, including dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules, are contraindicated with rilpivirine-containing products [see drug interactions (7)] . risk summary there are no studies with dexlansoprazole use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk. dexlansoprazole is the r-enantiomer of lansoprazole, and published observational studies of lansoprazole use during pregnancy did not demonstrate an association of adverse pregnancy-related outcomes with lansoprazole (see data) . in animal reproduction studies, oral administration of lansoprazole to rats during organogenesis through lactation at 1.8 times the maximum recommended human dexlansoprazole dose produced reductions in the offspring in femur weight, femur length, crown-rump length and growth plate thickness (males only) on postnatal day 21 (see data) . these effects were associated with reduction in body weight gain. advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus. the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the us general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. data human data dexlansoprazole is the r-enantiomer of lansoprazole. available data from published observational studies failed to demonstrate an association of adverse pregnancy-related outcomes and lansoprazole use. methodological limitations of these observational studies cannot definitely establish or exclude any drug- associated risk during pregnancy. in a prospective study by the european network of teratology information services, outcomes from a group of 62 pregnant women administered median daily doses of 30 mg of lansoprazole were compared to a control group of 868 pregnant women who did not take any ppis. there was no difference in the rate of major malformations between women exposed to ppis and the control group, corresponding to a relative risk (rr)=1.04, [95% confidence interval (ci) 0.25-4.21]. in a population-based retrospective cohort study covering all live births in denmark from 1996 to 2008, there was no significant increase in major birth defects during analysis of first trimester exposure to lansoprazole in 794 live births. a meta-analysis that compared 1,530 pregnant women exposed to ppis in at least the first trimester with 133,410 unexposed pregnant women showed no significant increases in risk for congenital malformations or spontaneous abortion with exposure to ppis (for major malformations odds ratio (or)=1.12, [95% ci 0.86- 1.45] and for spontaneous abortions or=1.29, [95% ci 0.84-1.97]). animal data an embryo-fetal development study conducted in rabbits at oral dexlansoprazole doses up to 30 mg/kg/day (approximately nine times the maximum recommended human dexlansoprazole dose [60 mg/day] based on body surface area) during organogenesis showed no effects on fetuses due to dexlansoprazole. in addition, embryo-fetal development studies performed in rats with oral lansoprazole at doses up to 150 mg/kg/day (40 times the recommended human lansoprazole dose based on body surface area) during organogenesis and in rabbits with oral lansoprazole at doses up to 30 mg/kg/day (16 times the recommended human lansoprazole dose based on body surface area) during organogenesis revealed no effects on fetuses due to lansoprazole. a pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity study in rats with additional endpoints to evaluate bone development was performed with lansoprazole at oral doses of 10 to 100 mg/kg/day (0.2 to 1.8 times the maximum recommended human dexlansoprazole dose of 60 mg based on dexlansoprazole auc [area under the plasma concentration-time curve]) administered during organogenesis through lactation. maternal effects observed at 100 mg/kg/day (1.8 times the maximum recommended human dexlansoprazole dose of 60 mg based on dexlansoprazole auc) included increased gestation period, decreased body weight gain during gestation, and decreased food consumption. the number of stillbirths was increased at this dose, which may have been secondary to maternal toxicity. body weight of pups was reduced at 100 mg/kg/day starting on postnatal day 11. femur weight, femur length, and crown-rump length were reduced at 100 mg/kg/day on postnatal day 21. femur weight was still decreased in the 100 mg/kg/day group at age 17 to 18 weeks. growth plate thickness was decreased in the 100 mg/kg/day males on postnatal day 21, and was increased in the 30 and 100 mg/kg/day males at age 17 to 18 weeks. the effects on bone parameters were associated with reduction in body weight gain. risk summary there is no information regarding the presence of dexlansoprazole in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. however, lansoprazole and its metabolites are present in rat milk . the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules or from the underlying maternal condition. the safety and effectiveness of dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules have been established in pediatric patients 12 years to 17 years of age for the healing of all grades of ee, the maintenance of healed ee and relief of heartburn, and treatment of heartburn associated with symptomatic non-erosive gerd. use of dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules in this age group is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules in adults with additional safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients 12 to 17 years of age. the adverse reaction profile in patients 12 to 17 years of age was similar to adults [see dosage and administration (2.1), adverse reactions (6.1), clinical pharmacology (12.3), clinical studies (14)] . the safety and effectiveness of dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules has not been established in pediatric patients less than 12 years of age. dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules are not recommended in pediatric patients less than two years of age [see warnings and precautions (5.12)] . nonclinical studies in juvenile rats treated with lansoprazole (the racemic mixture) have demonstrated adverse effects of heart valve thickening and bone changes at dexlansoprazole exposures which are expected to be similar to or higher than the dexlansoprazole exposure in pediatric patients one year to two years of age, as described below in juvenile animal toxicity data . the use of dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules is not recommended for the treatment of symptomatic gerd in pediatric patients one month to less than one year of age because lansoprazole was not shown to be effective in a multicenter, double-blind controlled trial. juvenile animal toxicity data heart valve thickening in two oral toxicity studies, thickening of the mitral heart valve occurred in juvenile rats treated with lansoprazole. heart valve thickening was observed primarily with oral dosing initiated on postnatal day 7 (age equivalent to neonatal humans) and postnatal day 14 (human age equivalent of approximately one year) at doses of 250 mg/kg/day and higher (at postnatal day 7 and postnatal day 14 respectively, 2.5 and 1.8 times the expected dexlansoprazole exposure based on auc in pediatric patients one year to two years of age). the treatment durations associated with heart valve thickening ranged from 5 days to 8 weeks. the findings reversed or trended towards reversibility after a 4-week drug-free recovery period. the incidence of heart valve thickening after initiation of dosing on postnatal day 21 (human age equivalent of approximately two years) was limited to a single rat (1/24) in groups given 500 mg/kg/day for 4 or 8 weeks (2.1 times the expected dexlansoprazole exposure based on auc in pediatric patients one year to two years of age). based on the low incidence of heart valve thickening in 21-day old rats and the equivalent human age, the risk of heart valve injury does not appear to be relevant to patients two years of age and older. bone changes in an eight-week oral toxicity study of lansoprazole in juvenile rats with dosing initiated on postnatal day 7, doses equal to or greater than 100 mg/kg/day (dexlansoprazole exposure based on auc approximately equal to that in pediatric patients one year to two years of age) produced delayed growth, with impairment of weight gain observed as early as postnatal day 10 (age equivalent to neonatal humans). at the end of treatment, the signs of impaired growth at 100 mg/kg/day and higher included reductions in body weight (14 to 44% compared to controls), absolute weight of multiple organs, femur weight, femur length and crown-rump length. femoral growth plate thickness was reduced only in males and only at the 500 mg/kg/day dose. the effects related to delayed growth persisted through the end of the four-week recovery period. longer term data were not collected. of the total number of patients (n=4548) in clinical studies of dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules, 11% of patients were aged 65 years and over, while 2% were 75 years and over. no overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients and other reported clinical experience has not identified significant differences in responses between geriatric and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out [see clinical pharmacology (12.3)] . no dosage adjustment for dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules is necessary for patients with mild hepatic impairment (child-pugh class a). in a study of adult patients with moderate hepatic impairment (child-pugh class b) who received a single dose of 60 mg dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules, there was a significant increase in systemic exposure of dexlansoprazole compared to healthy subjects with normal hepatic function [see clinical pharmacology (12.3)] . therefore, for patients with moderate hepatic impairment (child-pugh class b), dosage reduction is recommended for the healing of ee [see dosage and administration (2.2)]. no studies have been conducted in patients with severe hepatic impairment (child-pugh class c); the use of dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules is not recommended for these patients [see dosage and administration (2.2)] . taking dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules with applesauce: - place 1 tablespoon of applesauce into a clean container. - carefully open the capsule and sprinkle the granules onto the applesauce. - swallow the applesauce and granules right away. do not chew the granules. do not save the applesauce and granules for later use. giving dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules with water using an oral syringe: - place 20 ml of water into a clean container. - carefully open the capsule and empty the granules into the container of water. - use an oral syringe to draw up the water and granule mixture. - gently swirl the oral syringe to keep the granules from settling. - place the tip of the oral syringe in your mouth. give the medicine right away. do not save the water and granule mixture for later use. - refill the syringe with 10 ml of water and swirl gently. place the tip of the oral syringe in your mouth and give the medicine that is left in the syringe. - repeat step 6. giving dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules with water through a nasogastric tube (ng tube): for people who have an ng tube that is size 16 french or larger , dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules may be given as follows: - place 20 ml of water into a clean container. - carefully open the capsule and empty the granules into the container of water. - use a 60 ml catheter-tip syringe to draw up the water and granule mixture. - gently swirl the catheter-tip syringe to keep the granules from settling. - connect the catheter-tip syringe to the ng tube. - give the mixture right away through the ng tube that goes into the stomach. do not save the water and granule mixture for later use. - refill the catheter-tip syringe with 10 ml of water and swirl gently. flush the ng tube with the water. - repeat step 7. how should i store dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules? - store dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules at room temperature between 68°f to 77°f (20°c to 25°c). keep dexlansoprazole delayed-release capsules and all medicines out of the reach of children. manufactured for: twi pharmaceuticals usa, inc. paramus, nj 07652 this instructions for use have been approved by the u.s. food and drug administration. manufactured by: twi pharmaceuticals, inc. taoyuan city, 320023, taiwan revised: 07/2023 all trademark names are the property of their respective owners. marketed by: gsms, inc. camarillo, ca 93012 usa

오스트레일리아 - 영어 - Department of Health (Therapeutic Goods Administration)

herbs of gold pty ltd - magnesium amino acid chelate,pyridoxine hydrochloride,retinyl acetate,zinc amino acid chelate,zinc citrate dihydrate,zinc gluconate -