Bandaríkin - enska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

nephron pharmaceuticals corporation - ipratropium bromide (unii: j697uz2a9j) (ipratropium - unii:gr88g0i6ul), albuterol sulfate (unii: 021sef3731) (albuterol - unii:qf8svz843e) - ipratropium bromide anhydrous 0.5 mg in 3 ml - ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate inhalation solution is indicated for the treatment of bronchospasm associated with copd in patients requiring more than one bronchodilator. ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate inhalation solution is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any of its components, or to atropine and its derivatives.

Bandaríkin - enska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

novartis pharmaceuticals corporation - cyclosporine (unii: 83hn0gtj6d) (cyclosporine - unii:83hn0gtj6d) - cyclosporine 25 mg - sandimmune (cyclosporine) is indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in kidney, liver, and heart allogeneic transplants. it is always to be used with adrenal corticosteroids. the drug may also be used in the treatment of chronic rejection in patients previously treated with other immunosuppressive agents. because of the risk of anaphylaxis, sandimmune injection (cyclosporine injection, usp) should be reserved for patients who are unable to take the soft gelatin capsules or oral solution. sandimmune injection (cyclosporine injection, usp) is contraindicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to sandimmune (cyclosporine) and/or cremophor® el (polyoxyethylated castor oil). although no adequate and well-controlled studies have been conducted in children, patients as young as 6 months of age have received the drug with no unusual adverse effects. clinical studies of sandimmune (cyclosporine) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. in general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

Ástralía - enska - Department of Health (Therapeutic Goods Administration)

sanofi-aventis australia pty ltd - yellow fever virus, quantity: 1000 pfu e.1000 mouse ld50 - injection, powder for - excipient ingredients: calcium chloride dihydrate; magnesium sulfate heptahydrate; histidine hydrochloride; sodium chloride; dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate; alanine; sorbitol; potassium chloride; lactose monohydrate; monobasic potassium phosphate; sodium hydroxide - prevention of yellow fever. vaccination is recommended for:,? every individual aged 9 months and over living or travelling through an endemic area with a current or periodic risk of yellow fever transmission. ? non-vaccinated individual moving from an endemic area with a current or periodic risk of yellow fever transmission to a potentially receptive non-endemic area with a current or periodic risk of yellow fever transmission. ? laboratory workers handling potentially infectious materials. in order to be officially recognised, the yellow fever vaccination must be administered in an approved vaccination centre and registered on an international certificate. the validity period of the certificate is established according to international health regulations recommendations and starts 10 days after primary vaccination and immediately after re-vaccination.

Bandaríkin - enska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

west-ward pharmaceuticals corp. - losartan potassium (unii: 3st302b24a) (losartan - unii:jms50mpo89), hydrochlorothiazide (unii: 0j48lph2th) (hydrochlorothiazide - unii:0j48lph2th) - losartan potassium 50 mg - losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular (cv) events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarction. these benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including losartan and hydrochlorothiazide. control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. for specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the national high blood pressure education program’s joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (jnc). numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a var

Bandaríkin - enska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

hikma pharmaceuticals usa inc. - zaleplon (unii: s62u433rmh) (zaleplon - unii:s62u433rmh) - zaleplon 5 mg - zaleplon is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia. zaleplon has been shown to decrease the time to sleep onset for up to 30 days in controlled clinical studies (see clinical trials under clinical pharmacology ) . it has not been shown to increase total sleep time or decrease the number of awakenings. the clinical trials performed in support of efficacy ranged from a single night to 5 weeks in duration. the final formal assessments of sleep latency were performed at the end of treatment. zalepon is contraindicated in patients: zaleplon is classified as a schedule iv controlled substance by federal regulation. abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. abuse is characterized by misuse of the drug for non-medical purposes, often in combination with other psychoactive substances. physical dependence is a state of adaption that is manifested by a specific withdrawal syndrome that can be produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of the drug and/or administration of an antagonist. tolerance is a state of adaptation in which exposure to a drug induces changes that result in a diminution of one or more of the drug’s effects over time. tolerance may occur to both the desired and undesired effects of drugs and may develop at different rates for different effects. addiction is a primary, chronic, neurobiological disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. it is characterized by behaviors that include one or more of the following: impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm, and craving. drug addiction is a treatable disease, utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, but relapse is common. abuse: two studies assessed the abuse liability of zaleplon at doses of 25 mg, 50 mg, and 75 mg in subjects with known histories of sedative drug abuse. the results of these studies indicate that zaleplon has an abuse potential similar to benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine-like hypnotics. dependence: the potential for developing physical dependence on zaleplon and a subsequent withdrawal syndrome was assessed in controlled studies of 14-, 28-, and 35-night durations and in open-label studies of 6- and 12-month durations by examining for the emergence of rebound insomnia following drug discontinuation. some patients (mostly those treated with 20 mg) experienced a mild rebound insomnia on the first night following withdrawal that appeared to be resolved by the second night. the use of the benzodiazepine withdrawal symptom questionnaire and examination of any other withdrawal-emergent events did not detect any other evidence for a withdrawal syndrome following abrupt discontinuation of zaleplon therapy in pre-marketing studies. however, available data cannot provide a reliable estimate of the incidence of dependence during treatment at recommended doses of zaleplon. other sedative/hypnotics have been associated with various signs and symptoms following abrupt discontinuation, ranging from mild dysphoria and insomnia to a withdrawal syndrome that may include abdominal and muscle cramps, vomiting, sweating, tremors, and convulsions. seizures have been observed in two patients, one of which had a prior seizure, in clinical trials with zaleplon. seizures and death have been seen following the withdrawal of zaleplon from animals at doses many times higher than those proposed for human use. because individuals with a history of addiction to, or abuse of, drugs or alcohol are at risk of habituation and dependence, they should be under careful surveillance when receiving zaleplon or any other hypnotic. tolerance: possible tolerance to the hypnotic effects of zaleplon 10 mg and 20 mg was assessed by evaluating time to sleep onset for zaleplon compared with placebo in two 28-night placebo-controlled studies and latency to persistent sleep in one 35-night placebo-controlled study where tolerance was evaluated on nights 29 and 30. no development of tolerance to zaleplon was observed for time to sleep onset over 4 weeks.

Bandaríkin - enska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

west-ward pharmaceuticals corp. - irbesartan (unii: j0e2756z7n) (irbesartan - unii:j0e2756z7n) - irbesartan 75 mg - irbesartan is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular (cv) events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarction. these benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including this drug. control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. for specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the national high blood pressure education program’s joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (jnc). numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechan

Bandaríkin - enska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

preferred pharmaceuticals inc. - hydrochlorothiazide (unii: 0j48lph2th) (hydrochlorothiazide - unii:0j48lph2th), lisinopril (unii: e7199s1ywr) (lisinopril anhydrous - unii:7q3p4bs2fd) - hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg - lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets, usp are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. these benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide. control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. for specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the national high blood pressure education program’s joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (jnc). numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a

Bandaríkin - enska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

preferred pharmaceuticals inc. - hydrochlorothiazide (unii: 0j48lph2th) (hydrochlorothiazide - unii:0j48lph2th), lisinopril (unii: e7199s1ywr) (lisinopril anhydrous - unii:7q3p4bs2fd) - lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets, usp are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. these benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide. control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. for specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the national high blood pressure education program’s joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (jnc). numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a

Malta - enska - Medicines Authority

vale pharmaceuticals limited 3 anglesea street, clonmel, co. tipperary, e91 d6c5, ireland - clopidogrel - film-coated tablet - clopidogrel 75 mg - antithrombotic agents

Bandaríkin - enska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

hikma pharmaceuticals usa inc. - lorazepam (unii: o26fzp769l) (lorazepam - unii:o26fzp769l) - lorazepam 2 mg in 1 ml - lorazepam is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety or anxiety associated with depressive symptoms. anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic. the effectiveness of lorazepam in long-term use, that is, more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinical studies. the physician should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient. lorazepam is contraindicated in patients with: lorazepam is a schedule iv controlled substance. lorazepam is a benzodiazepine and a cns depressant with a potential for abuse and addiction. abuse is the intentional, non-therapeutic use of a drug, even once, for its desirable psychological or physiological effects. misuse is the intentional use, for therapeutic purposes, of a drug by an individual in a way other than prescribed by a healthcare provider or for whom it was not prescribed. drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling drug use (e.g., continuing drug use despite harmful consequences, giving a higher priority to drug use than other activities and obligations), and possible tolerance or physical dependence. even taking benzodiazepines as prescribed may put patients at risk for abuse and misuse of their medication. abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines may lead to addiction. abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines often (but not always) involve the use of doses greater than the maximum recommended dosage and commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes, including respiratory depression, overdose, or death. benzodiazepines are often sought by individuals who abuse drugs and other substances, and by individuals with addictive disorders (see warnings: abuse, misuse, and addiction ). the following adverse reactions have occurred with benzodiazepine abuse and/or misuse: abdominal pain, amnesia, anorexia, anxiety, aggression, ataxia, blurred vision, confusion, depression, disinhibition, disorientation, dizziness, euphoria, impaired concentration and memory, indigestion, irritability, muscle pain, slurred speech, tremors, and vertigo. the following severe adverse reactions have occurred with benzodiazepine abuse and/or misuse: delirium, paranoia, suicidal ideation and behavior, seizures, coma, breathing difficulty, and death. death is more often associated with polysubstance use (especially benzodiazepines with other cns depressants such as opioids and alcohol). physical dependence lorazepam may produce physical dependence from continued therapy. physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug use, manifested by withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug. abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of benzodiazepines or administration of flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, including seizures, which can be life-threatening. patients at an increased risk of withdrawal adverse reactions after benzodiazepine discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction include those who take higher dosages (i.e., higher and/or more frequent doses) and those who have had longer durations of use (see warnings: dependence and withdrawal reactions ). to reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue lorazepam or reduce the dosage (see dosage and administration: discontinuation or dosage reduction of lorazepam and warnings ). tolerance tolerance to lorazepam may develop from continued therapy. tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher dose of a drug is required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower dose). tolerance to the therapeutic effect of lorazepam may develop; however, little tolerance develops to the amnestic reactions and other cognitive impairments caused by benzodiazepines.