Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ - անգլերեն - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

mylan institutional inc. - lithium carbonate (unii: 2bmd2gna4v) (lithium cation - unii:8h8z5uer66) - lithium carbonate 450 mg - lithium carbonate extended-release tablets are indicated in the treatment of manic episodes of manic-depressive illness. maintenance therapy prevents or diminishes the intensity of subsequent episodes in those manic-depressive patients with a history of mania. typical symptoms of mania include pressure of speech, motor hyperactivity, reduced need for sleep, flight of ideas, grandiosity, elation, poor judgment, aggressiveness and possibly hostility. when given to a patient experiencing a manic episode, lithium carbonate extended-release tablets may produce a normalization of symptomatology within 1 to 3 weeks.

Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ - անգլերեն - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

mylan institutional inc. - pantoprazole sodium (unii: 6871619q5x) (pantoprazole - unii:d8tst4o562) - pantoprazole 40 mg - pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for: pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated in adults and pediatric patients five years of age and older for the short-term treatment (up to 8 weeks) in the healing and symptomatic relief of erosive esophagitis (ee). for those adult patients who have not healed after 8 weeks of treatment, an additional 8-week course of pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets may be considered. safety of treatment beyond 8 weeks in pediatric patients has not been established. pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for maintenance of healing of ee and reduction in relapse rates of daytime and nighttime heartburn symptoms in adult patients with gerd. controlled studies did not extend beyond 12 months. pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for the long-term treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, including zollinger-ellison (ze) syndrome. - pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are contraindic

Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ - անգլերեն - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

mylan institutional inc. - lithium carbonate (unii: 2bmd2gna4v) (lithium cation - unii:8h8z5uer66) - lithium carbonate 300 mg - lithium carbonate extended-release tablets are indicated in the treatment of manic episodes of bipolar disorder. bipolar disorder, manic (dsm-iv) is equivalent to manic depressive illness, manic, in the older dsm-ii terminology. lithium carbonate extended-release tablets are also indicated as a maintenance treatment for individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. maintenance therapy reduces the frequency of manic episodes and diminishes the intensity of those episodes which may occur. typical symptoms of mania include pressure of speech, motor hyperactivity, reduced need for sleep, flight of ideas, grandiosity, elation, poor judgment, aggressiveness, and possibly hostility. when given to a patient experiencing a manic episode, lithium may produce a normalization of symptomatology within 1 to 3 weeks.

Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ - անգլերեն - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

mylan institutional inc. - ursodiol (unii: 724l30y2qr) (ursodiol - unii:724l30y2qr) - ursodiol 300 mg - - ursodiol capsules, usp are indicated for patients with radiolucent, noncalcified gallbladder stones < 20 mm in greatest diameter in whom elective cholecystectomy would be undertaken except for the presence of increased surgical risk due to systemic disease, advanced age, idiosyncratic reaction to general anesthesia, or for those patients who refuse surgery. safety of use of ursodiol capsules beyond 24 months is not established. - ursodiol capsules are indicated for the prevention of gallstone formation in obese patients experiencing rapid weight loss. - ursodiol capsules will not dissolve calcified cholesterol stones, radiopaque stones, or radiolucent bile pigment stones. hence, patients with such stones are not candidates for ursodiol therapy. - patients with compelling reasons for cholecystectomy including unremitting acute cholecystitis, cholangitis, biliary obstruction, gallstone pancreatitis, or biliary-gastrointestinal fistula are not candidates for ursodiol therapy. - allergy to bile acids.

Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ - անգլերեն - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

mylan institutional inc. - isoniazid (unii: v83o1voz8l) (isoniazid - unii:v83o1voz8l) - isoniazid 300 mg - isoniazid tablets, usp are recommended for all forms of tuberculosis in which organisms are susceptible. however, active tuberculosis must be treated with multiple concomitant anti-tuberculosis medications to prevent the emergence of drug resistance. single-drug treatment of active tuberculosis with isoniazid or any other medication, is inadequate therapy. isoniazid tablets, usp are recommended as preventive therapy for the following groups, regardless of age. (note: the criterion for a positive reaction to a skin test (in millimeters of induration) for each group is given in parenthesis): - persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (greater than or equal to 5 mm) and persons with risk factors for hiv infection whose hiv infection status is unknown but who are suspected of having hiv infection. preventive therapy may be considered for hiv infected persons who are tuberculin-negative but belong to groups in which the prevalence of tuberculosis infection is high. candidates for preventive therapy who have hiv infection should have a minimum of 12 months of therapy. - close contacts of persons with newly diagnosed infectious tuberculosis (greater than or equal to 5 mm). in addition, tuberculin-negative (less than 5 mm) children and adolescents who have been close contacts of infectious persons within the past 3 months are candidates for preventive therapy until a repeat tuberculin skin test is done 12 weeks after contact with the infectious source. if the repeat skin test is positive (greater than 5 mm), therapy should be continued. - recent converters, as indicated by a tuberculin skin test (greater than or equal to 10 mm increase within a 2-year period for those less than 35 years old; greater than or equal to 15 mm increase for those greater than or equal to 35 years of age). all infants and children younger than 4 years of age with a greater than 10 mm skin test are included in this category. - persons with abnormal chest radiographs that show fibrotic lesions likely to represent old healed tuberculosis (greater than or equal to 5 mm). candidates for preventive therapy who have fibrotic pulmonary lesions consistent with healed tuberculosis or who have pulmonary silicosis should have 12 months of isoniazid or 4 months of isoniazid and rifampin, concomitantly. - intravenous drug users known to be hiv-seronegative (greater than 10 mm). - persons with the following medical conditions that have been reported to increase the risk of tuberculosis (greater than or equal to 10 mm): silicosis; diabetes mellitus; prolonged therapy with adrenocorticosteroids; immunosuppressive therapy; some hematologic and reticuloendothelial diseases, such as leukemia or hodgkin’s disease; end-stage renal disease; clinical situations associated with substantial rapid weight loss or chronic undernutrition (including: intestinal bypass surgery for obesity, the postgastrectomy state [with or without weight loss], chronic peptic ulcer disease, chronic malabsorption syndromes and carcinomas of the oropharynx and upper gastrointestinal tract that prevent adequate nutritional intake). candidates for preventive therapy who have fibrotic pulmonary lesions consistent with healed tuberculosis or who have pulmonary silicosis should have 12 months of isoniazid or 4 months of isoniazid and rifampin, concomitantly. additionally, in the absence of any of the above risk factors, persons under the age of 35 with a tuberculin skin test reaction of 10 mm or more are also appropriate candidates for preventive therapy if they are a member of any of the following high-incidence groups: - foreign-born persons from high-prevalence countries who never received bcg vaccine. - medically underserved low-income populations, including high-risk racial or ethnic minority populations, especially blacks, hispanics and native americans. - residents of facilities for long-term care (e.g., correctional institutions, nursing homes and mental institutions). children who are less than 4 years old are candidates for isoniazid preventive therapy if they have greater than 10 mm induration from a ppd mantoux tuberculin skin test. finally, persons under the age of 35 who a) have none of the above risk factors (1 to 6); b) belong to none of the high-incidence groups; and c) have a tuberculin skin test reaction of 15 mm or more, are appropriate candidates for preventive therapy. the risk of hepatitis must be weighed against the risk of tuberculosis in positive tuberculin reactors over the age of 35. however, the use of isoniazid is recommended for those with the additional risk factors listed above (1 to 6) and on an individual basis in situations where there is likelihood of serious consequences to contacts who may become infected. isoniazid is contraindicated in patients who develop severe hypersensitivity reactions, including drug-induced hepatitis; previous isoniazid-associated hepatic injury; severe adverse reactions to isoniazid such as drug fever, chills, arthritis; and acute liver disease of any etiology.

Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ - անգլերեն - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

mylan institutional inc. - furosemide (unii: 7lxu5n7zo5) (furosemide - unii:7lxu5n7zo5) - furosemide 20 mg - furosemide is indicated in adults and pediatric patients for the treatment of edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and renal disease, including the nephrotic syndrome. furosemide is particularly useful when an agent with greater diuretic potential is desired. oral furosemide may be used in adults for the treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. hypertensive patients who cannot be adequately controlled with thiazides will probably also not be adequately controlled with furosemide alone. furosemide is contraindicated in patients with anuria and in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to furosemide.

Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ - անգլերեն - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

mylan institutional inc. - verapamil hydrochloride (unii: v3888oey5r) (verapamil - unii:cj0o37ku29) - verapamil hydrochloride 120 mg - verapamil hydrochloride extended-release capsules are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. these benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including this drug. control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. for specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the national high blood pressure education program’s joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (jnc). numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. the largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmhg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). these considerations may guide selection of therapy. verapamil hcl is contraindicated in: - severe left ventricular dysfunction. (see warnings.) - hypotension (less than 90 mmhg systolic pressure) or cardiogenic shock. - sick sinus syndrome (except in patients with a functioning artificial ventricular pacemaker). - second- or third-degree av block (except in patients with a functioning artificial ventricular pacemaker). - patients with atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation and an accessory bypass tract (e.g., wolff-parkinson-white, lown-ganong-levine syndromes). (see warnings.) - patients with known hypersensitivity to verapamil hydrochloride.

Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ - անգլերեն - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

mylan institutional inc. - atenolol (unii: 50vv3vw0ti) (atenolol - unii:50vv3vw0ti) - atenolol 25 mg - atenolol tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. these benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including atenolol. control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. for specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the national high blood pressure education program’s joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (jnc). numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. the largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmhg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). these considerations may guide selection of therapy. atenolol tablets may be administered with other antihypertensive agents. atenolol tablets are indicated for the long-term management of patients with angina pectoris. atenolol tablets are indicated in the management of hemodynamically stable patients with definite or suspected acute myocardial infarction to reduce cardiovascular mortality. treatment can be initiated as soon as the patient’s clinical condition allows. (see dosage and administration, contraindications, and warnings.) in general, there is no basis for treating patients like those who were excluded from the isis-1 trial (blood pressure less than 100 mm hg systolic, heart rate less than 50 bpm) or have other reasons to avoid beta blockade. as noted above, some subgroups (e.g., elderly patients with systolic blood pressure below 120 mm hg) seemed less likely to benefit. atenolol tablets are contraindicated in sinus bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, cardiogenic shock, and overt cardiac failure. (see warnings.) atenolol tablets are contraindicated in those patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the atenolol or any of the drug product’s components.

Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ - անգլերեն - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

mylan institutional inc. - metolazone (unii: tz7v40x7vx) (metolazone - unii:tz7v40x7vx) - metolazone 2.5 mg - metolazone tablets are indicated for the treatment of salt and water retention including: - edema accompanying congestive heart failure; - edema accompanying renal diseases, including the nephrotic syndrome and states of diminished renal function. metolazone tablets are also indicated for the treatment of hypertension, alone or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs of a different class. mykrox ® tablets, a more rapidly available form of metolazone, are intended for the treatment of new patients with mild to moderate hypertension. a dose titration is necessary if mykrox ® tablets are to be substituted for zaroxolyn ® tablets and other formulations of metolazone that share its slow and incomplete bioavailability, in the treatment of hypertension. the routine use of diuretics in an otherwise healthy woman is inappropriate and exposes mother and fetus to unnecessary hazard. diuretics do not prevent development of toxemia of pregnancy, and there is no evidence that

Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ - անգլերեն - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

mylan institutional inc. - clonazepam (unii: 5pe9fde8gb) (clonazepam - unii:5pe9fde8gb) - clonazepam 0.5 mg - clonazepam tablets are useful alone or as an adjunct in the treatment of the lennox-gastaut syndrome (petit mal variant), akinetic and myoclonic seizures. in patients with absence seizures (petit mal) who have failed to respond to succinimides, clonazepam tablets may be useful. in some studies, up to 30% of patients have shown a loss of anticonvulsant activity, often within 3 months of administration. in some cases, dosage adjustment may reestablish efficacy. clonazepam tablets are indicated for the treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, as defined in dsm-v. panic disorder is characterized by the occurrence of unexpected panic attacks and associated concern about having additional attacks, worry about the implications or consequences of the attacks, and/or a significant change in behavior related to the attacks. the efficacy of clonazepam tablets was established in two 6- to 9-week trials in panic disorder patients whose diagnoses corresponded to the dsm-iiir category of panic disorder (see