Pays: États-Unis
Langue: anglais
Source: NLM (National Library of Medicine)
LOPERAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (UNII: 77TI35393C) (LOPERAMIDE - UNII:6X9OC3H4II)
McKesson Contract Packaging
LOPERAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE
LOPERAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 2 mg
PRESCRIPTION DRUG
Abbreviated New Drug Application
LOPERAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE- LOPERAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE CAPSULE MCKESSON CONTRACT PACKAGING ---------- DESCRIPTION Loperamide hydrochloride, 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N, N-dimethyl-α,α-diphenyl-1- piperidinebutyramide monohydrochloride, is a synthetic antidiarrheal for oral use. Loperamide hydrochloride is available in 2 mg capsules. Loperamide hydrochloride capsules, USP contain the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, gelatin, iron oxides, lactose (hydrous), magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate and titanium dioxide. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY _In vitro_ and animal studies show that loperamide hydrochloride acts by slowing intestinal motility and by affecting water and electrolyte movement through the bowel. Loperamide binds to the opiate receptor in the gut wall. Consequently, it inhibits the release of acetylcholine and prostaglandins, thereby reducing peristalsis, and increasing intestinal transit time. Loperamide increases the tone of the anal sphincter, thereby reducing incontinence and urgency. In man, loperamide hydrochloride prolongs the transit time of the intestinal contents. It reduces the daily fecal volume, increases the viscosity and bulk density, and diminishes the loss of fluid and electrolytes. Tolerance to the antidiarrheal effect has not been observed. Clinical studies have indicated that the apparent elimination half-life of loperamide in man is 10.8 hours with a range of 9.1 to 14.4 hours. Plasma levels of unchanged drug remain below 2 nanograms per mL after the intake of a 2 mg capsule of loperamide hydrochloride. Plasma levels are highest approximately 5 hours after administration of the capsule and 2.5 hours after the liquid. The peak plasma levels of loperamide were similar for both formulations. Elimination of loperamide mainly occurs by oxidative N-demethylation. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes, CYP2C8 and CYP3A4, are thought to play an important role in loperamide N- demethylation process since quercetin (CYP2C8 inhibitor) and keto Lire le document complet