País: Malasia
Idioma: inglés
Fuente: NPRA (National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency, Bahagian Regulatori Farmasi Negara)
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE
UNIMED SDN BHD
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE
1 x 30gm gm
Galentic Pharma (India) Pvt. Ltd.
METACAIN 2% JELLY (LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE USP 20MG) DESCRIPTION Transparent colourless gel, free from foreign particles. PHARMACODYNAMICS Lidocaine like other local anaesthetics, causes a reversible blockade of impulse propagation along nerve fibres by preventing the inward movement of sodium ions through the nerve membrane. Local anaesthetics of the amide type are thought to act within the sodium channels of the nerve membrane. Local anaesthetic drugs may also have similar effects on excitable membranes in the brain and myocardium. If excessive amounts of drug reach the systemic circulation rapidly, symptoms and signs of toxicity will appear, emanating from the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. Central nervous system toxicity (Over dosage) usually precedes the cardiovascular effects as it occurs at lower plasma concentrations. Direct effects of local anaesthetics on the heart include slow conduction, negative inotropism and possibly cardiac arrest. PHARMACOKINETICS Lidocaine is absorbed following topical administration to mucous membranes, its rate and extent of absorption being dependent upon concentration and the total dose administered, the specific site of application, and the duration of exposure. In general, the rate of absorption of local anaesthetic agents following topical application is most rapid after intratracheal and bronchial administration. Lidocaine is also well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, although little intact drug appears in the circulation because of biotransformation in the liver. Normally about 65% of the lidocaine is bound to plasma proteins. Amide local anaesthetics are mainly bound to alpha-1-acid glycoprotein but also to albumin. Lidocaine crosses the blood- brain and placental barriers, presumably by passive diffusion. The main elimination pathway of lidocaine is by liver metabolism. The primary route of lidocaine in human is N-dealkylation to monoethylglycine xylidine (MEGX), followed by hydrolysis to 2,6-xylidine and hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-2,6-xylidine. Leer el documento completo