UNIPRIM POWDER FOR HORSES trimethoprim and sulfadiazine

Country: United States

Language: English

Source: NLM (National Library of Medicine)

Active ingredient:

Trimethoprim (UNII: AN164J8Y0X) (Trimethoprim - UNII:AN164J8Y0X)

Available from:

Macleod Pharmaceuticals Inc.

INN (International Name):

Trimethoprim

Composition:

Trimethoprim 67 mg in 1 g

Prescription type:

PRESCRIPTION

Authorization status:

Abbreviated New Animal Drug Application

Summary of Product characteristics

UNIPRIM POWDER FOR HORSES- TRIMETHOPRIM AND SULFADIAZINE POWDER
MACLEOD PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
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UNIPRIM® POWDER FOR USE IN HORSES
DESCRIPTION
UNIPRIM Powder contains 67 mg trimethoprim and 333 mg sulfadiazine per
gram.
UNIPRIM Powder is a combination of trimethoprim and sulfadiazine in
the ratio of 1 part to 5 parts by
weight, which provides effective antibacterial activity against a wide
range of bacterial infections in
animals.
Trimethoprim is 2,4 diamino-5-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidine.
ACTIONS
_Microbiology_: Trimethoprim blocks bacterial production of
tetrahydrofolic acid from dihydrofolic acid
by binding to and reversibly inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate
reductase.
Sulfadiazine, in common with other sulfonamides, inhibits bacterial
synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by
competing with para-aminobenzoic acid.
Trimethoprim/sulfadiazine thus imposes a sequential double blockade on
bacterial metabolism. This
deprives bacteria of nucleic acids and proteins essential for survival
and multiplication, and produces a
high level of antibacterial activity which is usually bactericidal.
Although both sulfadiazine and trimethoprim are antifolate, neither
affects the folate metabolism of
animals. The reasons are: animals do not synthesize folic acid and
cannot, therefore, be directly affected
by sulfadiazine; and although animals must reduce their dietary folic
acid to tetrahydrofolic acid,
trimethoprim does not affect this reduction because its affinity for
dihydrofolate reductase of mammals
is significantly less than for the corresponding bacterial enzyme.
Trimethoprim/sulfadiazine is active against a wide spectrum of
bacterial pathogens, both gram-negative
and gram-positive. The following _in vitro_ data are available, but
their clinical significance is unknown.
In general, species of the following genera are sensitive to
trimethoprim/sulfadiazine:
Very Sensitive
Sensitive
Moderately Sensitive
Not Sensitive
_Escherichia_
_Staphylococcus_
_Moraxella_
_Mycobacterium_
_Streptococcus_
_Neisseria_
_Nocardia_