United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

bausch health us, llc - secobarbital sodium (unii: xbp604f6um) (secobarbital - unii:1p7h87in75) - secobarbital sodium 100 mg - seconal sodium is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to barbiturates. it is also contraindicated in patients with a history of manifest or latent porphyria, marked impairment of liver function, or respiratory disease in which dyspnea or obstruction is evident. abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. abuse is characterized by misuse of the drug for non-medical purposes, often in combination with other psychoactive substances. physical dependence is a state of adaptation that is manifested by a specific withdrawal syndrome that can be produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of the drug and/or administration of an antagonist. tolerance is a state of adaptation in which exposure to a drug induces changes that result in a diminution of one or more of the drug's effects over time. tolerance may occur to both the desired and undesired effects of drugs and may develop at different rates for different effects. addiction is

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

ranbaxy pharmaceuticals inc. - secobarbital sodium (unii: xbp604f6um) (secobarbital - unii:1p7h87in75) - capsule - 100 mg - a. hypnotic, for the short-term treatment of insomnia, since it appears to lose its effectiveness for sleep induction and sleep maintenance after 2 weeks (see clinical pharmacology). b. preanesthetic seconal sodium is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to barbiturates. it is also contraindicated in patients with a history of manifest or latent porphyria, marked impairment of liver function, or respiratory disease in which dyspnea or obstruction is evident. abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. abuse is characterized by misuse of the drug for non-medical purposes, often in combination with other psychoactive substances. physical dependence is a state of adaptation that is manifested by a specific withdrawal syndrome that can be produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of the drug and/or administration of an antagonist. tolerance is a state of adaptation in which exposure to a drug induces changes that result in a

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

marathon pharmaceuticals, llc - secobarbital sodium (unii: xbp604f6um) (secobarbital - unii:1p7h87in75) - secobarbital sodium 100 mg

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

meda pharmaceuticals - butabarbital sodium (unii: 9wtd50i918) (butabarbital - unii:p0078o25a9) - butabarbital sodium 30 mg - butisol sodium® (butabarbital sodium tablets, usp and butabarbital sodium oral solution, usp) is indicated for use as a sedative or hypnotic. since barbiturates appear to lose their effectiveness for sleep induction and sleep maintenance after 2 weeks, use of butisol sodium® in treating insomnia should be limited to this time (see clinical pharmacology above). barbiturates are contraindicated in patients with known barbiturate sensitivity. barbiturates are also contraindicated in patients with a history of manifest or latent porphyria. controlled substance: schedule iii. abuse and dependence: abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. abuse is characterized by misuse of the drug for non-medical purposes, often in combination with other psychoactive substances. physical dependence is a state of adaptation that is manifested by a specific withdrawal syndrome that can be produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of the drug and/or ad

United Kingdom - English - MHRA (Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency)

special order - secobarbital sodium - oral capsule - 25mg

United Kingdom - English - MHRA (Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency)

special order - amobarbital sodium; secobarbital sodium - oral capsule - 50mg ; 50mg

United Kingdom - English - MHRA (Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency)

special order - secobarbital sodium - oral capsule - 100mg

United Kingdom - English - MHRA (Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency)

special order - secobarbital sodium - oral capsule - 50mg

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

bausch health us, llc - amobarbital sodium (unii: g0313knc7d) (amobarbital - unii:gwh6ij239e) - amobarbital sodium 0.5 g in 5 ml - amobarbital sodium is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to barbiturates, in patients with a history of manifest or latent porphyria, and in patients with marked impairment of liver function or respiratory disease in which dyspnea or obstruction is evident. amobarbital sodium is a schedule ii drug. barbiturates may be habit-forming. tolerance, psychological dependence, and physical dependence may occur, especially following prolonged use of high doses of barbiturates. daily administration in excess of 400 mg of pentobarbital or secobarbital for approximately 90 days is likely to produce some degree of physical dependence. a dosage of 600 to 800 mg for at least 35 days is sufficient to produce withdrawal seizures. the average daily dose for the barbiturate addict is usually about 1.5 g. as tolerance to barbiturates develops, the amount needed to maintain the same level of intoxication increases; tolerance to a fatal dosage, however, does not increase more than twofold. as this occurs, the margi

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

akron - pentobarbital sodium (unii: njj0475n0s) (pentobarbital - unii:i4744080ir) - pentobarbital sodium 50 mg in 1 ml - - sedatives. - hypnotics, for the short-term treatment of insomnia, since they appear to lose their effectiveness for sleep induction and sleep maintenance after 2 weeks (see “clinical pharmacology” section.) - preanesthetics. - anticonvulsant, in anesthetic doses, in the emergency control of certain acute convulsive episodes, e.g., those associated with status epilepticus, cholera, eclampsia, meningitis, tetanus, and toxic reactions to strychnine or local anesthetics. barbiturates are contraindicated in patients with known barbiturate sensitivity. barbiturates are also contraindicated in patients with a history of manifest or latent porphyria. pentobarbital sodium injection is subject to control by the federal controlled substances act under dea schedule ii. barbiturates may be habit forming. tolerance, psychological dependence, and physical dependence may occur especially following prolonged use of high doses of barbiturates. daily administration in excess of 400 milligrams (mg) of pentobarbital or secobarbital for approximately 90 days is likely to produce some degree of physical dependence. a dosage of from 600 to 800 mg taken for at least 35 days is sufficient to produce withdrawal seizures. the average daily dose for the barbiturate addict is usually about 1.5 grams. as tolerance to barbiturates develops, the amount needed to maintain the same level of intoxication increases; tolerance to a fatal dosage, however, does not increase more than two-fold. as this occurs, the margin between an intoxicating dosage and fatal dosage becomes smaller. symptoms of acute intoxication with barbiturates include unsteady gait, slurred speech, and sustained nystagmus. mental signs of chronic intoxication include confusion, poor judgment, irritability, insomnia, and somatic complaints. symptoms of barbiturate dependence are similar to those of chronic alcoholism. if an individual appears to be intoxicated with alcohol to a degree that is radically disproportionate to the amount of alcohol in his or her blood the use of barbiturates should be suspected. the lethal dose of a barbiturate is far less if alcohol is also ingested. the symptoms of barbiturate withdrawal can be severe and may cause death. minor withdrawal symptoms may appear 8 to 12 hours after the last dose of a barbiturate. these symptoms usually appear in the following order: anxiety, muscle twitching, tremor of hands and fingers, progressive weakness, dizziness, distortion in visual perception, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and orthostatic hypotension. major withdrawal symptoms (convulsions and delirium) may occur within 16 hours and last up to 5 days after abrupt cessation of these drugs. intensity of withdrawal symptoms gradually declines over a period of approximately 15 days. individuals susceptible to barbiturate abuse and dependence include alcoholics and opiate abusers, as well as other sedative-hypnotic and amphetamine abusers. drug dependence to barbiturates arises from repeated administration of a barbiturate or agent with barbiturate-like effect on a continuous basis, generally in amounts exceeding therapeutic dose levels. the characteristics of drug dependence to barbiturates include: (a) a strong desire or need to continue taking the drug; (b) a tendency to increase the dose; (c) a psychic dependence on the effects of the drug related to subjective and individual appreciation of those effects; and (d) a physical dependence on the effects of the drug requiring its presence for maintenance of homeostasis and resulting in a definite, characteristic, and self-limited abstinence syndrome when the drug is withdrawn. treatment of barbiturate dependence consists of cautious and gradual withdrawal of the drug. barbiturate-dependent patients can be withdrawn by using a number of different withdrawal regimens. in all cases withdrawal takes an extended period of time. one method involves substituting a 30 mg dose of phenobarbital for each 100 to 200 mg dose of barbiturate that the patient has been taking. the total daily amount of phenobarbital is then administered in 3 to 4 divided doses, not to exceed 600 mg daily. should signs of withdrawal occur on the first day of treatment, a loading dose of 100 to 200 mg of phenobarbital may be administered im in addition to the oral dose. after stabilization on phenobarbital, the total daily dose is decreased by 30 mg a day as long as withdrawal is proceeding smoothly. a modification of this regimen involves initiating treatment at the patient's regular dosage level and decreasing the daily dosage by 10 percent if tolerated by the patient. infants physically dependent on barbiturates may be given phenobarbital 3 to 10 mg/kg/day. after withdrawal symptoms (hyperactivity, disturbed sleep, tremors, hyperreflexia) are relieved, the dosage of phenobarbital should be gradually decreased and completely withdrawn over a 2-week period.