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aurobindo pharma limited - zaleplon (unii: s62u433rmh) (zaleplon - unii:s62u433rmh) - zaleplon 5 mg - zaleplon capsules are indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia. zaleplon capsules have been shown to decrease the time to sleep onset for up to 30 days in controlled clinical studies (see clinical trials  under clinical pharmacology ). they have not been shown to increase total sleep time or decrease the number of awakenings. the clinical trials performed in support of efficacy ranged from a single night to 5 weeks in duration. the final formal assessments of sleep latency were performed at the end of treatment. zaleplon capsules are contraindicated in patients: - who have experienced complex sleep behaviors after taking zaleplon capsules (see warnings ). - with hypersensitivity to zaleplon or any excipients in the formulation (see precautions ). zaleplon is classified as a schedule iv controlled substance by federal regulation.  abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. abuse is characterized by misuse of the drug for non-medical purposes, often in

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aurobindo pharma limited - didanosine (unii: k3gdh6oh08) (didanosine - unii:k3gdh6oh08) - didanosine 125 mg - didanosine delayed-release capsules, also known as ddi, in combination with other antiretroviral agents are indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 infection [see clinical studies (14) ] . didanosine delayed-release capsules are contraindicated when coadministered with the following medications: - stavudine- potential for serious and/or life-threatening events, notably pancreatitis, lactic acidosis, hepatotoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy [see warnings and precautions (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5)] . - allopurinol- systemic exposures of didanosine are increased, which may increase didanosine-associated toxicity [see clinical pharmacology (12.3) ]. - ribavirin- exposures of the active metabolite of didanosine (dideoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate) are increased. fatal hepatic failure, as well as peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, and symptomatic hyperlactatemia/lactic acidosis have been reported in patients receiving both didanosine and ribavirin. pregnancy exposure registry there is a preg

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aurolife pharma, llc - dextroamphetamine sulfate (unii: jj768o327n) (dextroamphetamine - unii:tz47u051fi) - dextroamphetamine sulfate 5 mg - dextroamphetamine sulfate tablets, usp are indicated for:   1.      narcolepsy . 2.      attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity , as an integral part of a total treatment program which typically includes other remedial measures (psychological, educational, social) for a stabilizing effect in pediatric patients (ages 3 to 16 years) with a behavioral syndrome  characterized  by  the  following  group  of  developmentally  inappropriate symptoms: moderate to severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and impulsivity. the diagnosis of this syndrome should not be made with finality when these symptoms are only of comparatively recent origin. nonlocalizing (soft) neurological signs, learning disability, and abnormal eeg may or may not be present, and a diagnosis of central nervous system dysfunction may or may not be warranted. known hypersensitivity to amphetamine products. during or within 14 days following the administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (hypertensive crises may result). dextroamphetamine sulfate is a schedule ii controlled substance. abuse dextroamphetamine sulfate has a high potential for abuse and misuse which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction (see warnings). dextroamphetamine sulfate can be diverted for non-medical use into illicit channels or distribution. abuse is the intentional non-therapeutic use of a drug, even once, to achieve a desired psychological or physiological effect. misuse is the intentional use, for therapeutic purposes, of a drug by an individual in a way other than prescribed by a health care provider or for whom it was not prescribed. drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling drug use (e.g., continuing drug use despite harmful consequences, giving a higher priority to drug use than other activities and obligations), and possible tolerance or physical dependence. misuse and abuse of amphetamines may cause increased heart rate, respiratory rate, or blood pressure; sweating; dilated pupils; hyperactivity; restlessness; insomnia; decreased appetite; loss of coordination; tremors; flushed skin; vomiting; and/or abdominal pain. anxiety, psychosis, hostility, aggression, and suicidal or homicidal ideation have also been observed with cns stimulants abuse and/or misuse. misuse and abuse of cns stimulants, including dextroamphetamine sulfate, can result in overdose and death (see overdosage), and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of administration, such as snorting or injection. dependence physical dependence dextroamphetamine sulfate may produce physical dependence. physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug use, manifested by withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug. withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or dose reduction following prolonged use of cns stimulants including dextroamphetamine sulfate include dysphoric mood; depression; fatigue; vivid, unpleasant dreams; insomnia or hypersomnia; increased appetite; and psychomotor retardation or agitation. tolerance dextroamphetamine sulfate may produce tolerance. tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher dose of a drug is required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower dose).

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aurolife pharma, llc - dextroamphetamine saccharate (unii: g83415v073) (dextroamphetamine - unii:tz47u051fi), amphetamine aspartate monohydrate (unii: o1zpv620o4) (amphetamine - unii:ck833kgx7e), dextroamphetamine sulfate (unii: jj768o327n) (dextroamphetamine - unii:tz47u051fi), amphetamine sulfate (unii: 6dpv8nk46s) (amphetamine - unii:ck833kgx7e) - dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.25 mg - dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate tablets are indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) and narcolepsy. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd)   a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd; dsm-iv® ) implies the presence of hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms that caused impairment and were present before age 7 years. the symptoms must cause clinically significant impairment, e.g., in social, academic, or occupational functioning, and be present in two or more settings, e.g., school (or work) and at home. the symptoms must not be better accounted for by another mental disorder. for the inattentive type, at least six of the following symptoms must have persisted for at least 6 months: lack of attention to details/careless mistakes; lack of sustained attention; poor listener; failure to follow through on tasks; poor organization; avoids tasks requiri

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nucare pharmaceuticals, inc. - citalopram hydrobromide (unii: i1e9d14f36) (citalopram - unii:0dhu5b8d6v) - citalopram 10 mg - citalopram tablets, usp are indicated for the treatment of depression. the efficacy of citalopram tablets, usp in the treatment of depression was established in 4 to 6 week, controlled trials of outpatients whose diagnosis corresponded most closely to the dsm-iii and dsm-iii-r category of major depressive disorder (see clinical pharmacology ). a major depressive episode (dsm-iv) implies a prominent and relatively persistent (nearly every day for at least 2 weeks) depressed or dysphoric mood that usually interferes with daily functioning, and includes at least five of the following nine symptoms: depressed mood, loss of interest in usual activities, significant change in weight and/or appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, increased fatigue, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, slowed thinking or impaired concentration, a suicide attempt or suicidal ideation. the antidepressant action of citalopram tablets, usp in hospitalized depressed patients has not been adequate

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aurobindo pharma limited - hydrochlorothiazide (unii: 0j48lph2th) (hydrochlorothiazide - unii:0j48lph2th) - hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg - hydrochloro­thiazide capsules are indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent, or in combination with other antihypertensives. unlike potassium sparing combina­tion diuretic products, hydrochloro­thiazide capsules may be used in those patients in whom the development of hyperkalemia cannot be risked, including patients taking ace inhibitors. usage in pregnancy: the rou­tine use of diuretics in an otherwise healthy woman is inappropriate and exposes mother and fetus to unneces­sary hazard. diuretics do not prevent development of tox­emia of pregnancy, and there is no satisfactory evidence that they are useful in the treatment of developed toxemia. edema during pregnancy may arise from pathological causes or from the physiologic and mechanical consequences of pregnancy. diuretics are indi­cated in pregnancy when edema is due to pathologic causes, just as they are in the absence of pregnancy. dependent edema in pregnan­cy resulting from restriction of venous return

United States - English - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

aurobindo pharma limited - hydrochlorothiazide (unii: 0j48lph2th) (hydrochlorothiazide - unii:0j48lph2th) - hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg - hydrochlorothiazide tablets, usp are indicated as adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy. hydrochlorothiazide tablets, usp have also been found useful in edema due to various forms of renal dysfunction such as nephrotic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, and chronic renal failure. hydrochlorothiazide tablets, usp are indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effectiveness of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension. routine use of diuretics during normal pregnancy is inappropriate and exposes mother and fetus to unnecessary hazard. diuretics do not prevent development of toxemia of pregnancy and there is no satisfactory evidence that they are useful in the treatment of toxemia. edema during pregnancy may arise from pathologic causes or from the physiologic and mechanical consequences of pregnancy. thiazides are indicated in pregnancy when edema is due to pathologic causes, just as they are in the absence of pregnancy (see precautions, pregnancy ). dependent edema in pregnan­cy, resulting from restriction of venous return by the gravid uterus, is properly treated through elevation of the lower extremities and use of support stockings. use of diuretics to lower intravascular volume in this instance is illogical and unneces­sary. during normal pregnancy there is hypervolemia which is not harmful to the fetus or the mother in the absence of cardiovascular disease. however, it may be associated with edema, rarely generalized edema. if such edema causes discomfort, in­creased recumbency will often provide relief. rarely this edema may cause extreme discomfort which is not relieved by rest. in these instances, a short course of diuretic therapy may provide relief and be appropriate. anuria. hypersensitivity to this product or to other sulfonamide-derived drugs.

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aurobindo pharma limited - methenamine hippurate (unii: m329791l57) (methenamine - unii:j50oix95qv) - methenamine hippurate 1 g - methenamine hippurate tablets usp are indicated for prophylactic or suppressive treatment of frequently recurring urinary tract infections when long-term therapy is considered necessary. this drug should only be used after eradication of the infection by other appropriate antimicrobial agents. to reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of methenamine hippurate tablets usp and other antibacterial drugs, methenamine hippurate tablets usp should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. when culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. in the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. methenamine hippurate tablets are contraindicated in patients with renal insufficiency, severe hepatic insufficiency, or severe dehydration. methenamine preparations should not be given to patients taking sulfonamides because some sulfonamides may form an insoluble precipitate with formaldehyde in the urine.

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aurobindo pharma limited - naproxen sodium (unii: 9tn87s3a3c) (naproxen - unii:57y76r9atq) - naproxen sodium 275 mg - naproxen sodium tablets are indicated for: the relief of the signs and symptoms of: - rheumatoid arthritis - osteoarthritis - ankylosing spondylitis - polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis - tendonitis - bursitis - acute gout  the management of: - pain - primary dysmenorrhea naproxen sodium tablets are contraindicated in the following patients: - known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reactions and serious skin reactions) to naproxen or any components of the drug product [see warnings and precautions (5.7, 5.9)] - history of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other nsaids. severe, sometimes fatal, anaphylactic reactions to nsaids have been reported in such patients [see warnings and precautions (5.7, 5.8)] - in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) surgery [see warnings and precautions (5.1)] risk summary use of nsaids, including naproxen sodium, can cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus and fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios and, in some cases, neonatal renal impairment. because of these risks, limit dose and duration of naproxen sodium use between about 20 and 30 weeks of gestation, and avoid naproxen sodium use at about 30 weeks of gestation and later in pregnancy (see clinical considerations, data). premature closure of fetal ductus arteriosus use of nsaids, including naproxen sodium, at about 30 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy increases the risk of premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus. oligohydramnios/neonatal renal impairment use of nsaids at about 20 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy has been associated with cases of fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios, and in some cases, neonatal renal impairment. data from observational studies regarding other potential embryofetal risks of nsaid use in women in the first or second trimesters of pregnancy are inconclusive. in animal reproduction studies in rats, rabbits, and mice no evidence of teratogenicity or fetal harm when naproxen was administered during the period of organogenesis at doses 0.13, 0.26, and 0.6 times the maximum recommended human daily dose of 1500 mg/day, respectively [see data ]. based on animal data, prostaglandins have been shown to have an important role in endometrial vascular permeability, blastocyst implantation, and decidualization. in animal studies, administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors such as naproxen, resulted in increased pre- and post-implantation loss. prostaglandins also have been shown to have an important role in fetal kidney development. in published animal studies, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors have been reported to impair kidney development when administered at clinically relevant doses. the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population(s) is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. clinical considerations fetal/neonatal adverse reactions premature closure of fetal ductus arteriosus: avoid use of nsaids in women at about 30 weeks gestation and later in pregnancy, because nsaids, including naproxen sodium, can cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus (see data ). oligohydramnios/neonatal renal impairment: if an nsaid is necessary at about 20 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy, limit the use to the lowest effective dose and shortest duration possible. if naproxen sodium treatment extends beyond 48 hours, consider monitoring with ultrasound for oligohydramnios. if oligohydramnios occurs, discontinue naproxen sodium, and follow up according to clinical practice (see data ). labor or delivery there are no studies on the effects of naproxen sodium during labor or delivery. in animal studies, nsaids, including naproxen, inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, cause delayed parturition, and increase the incidence of stillbirth. data human data there is some evidence to suggest that when inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis are used to delay preterm labor, there is an increased risk of neonatal complications such as necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, and intracranial hemorrhage. naproxen treatment given in late pregnancy to delay parturition has been associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension, renal dysfunction, and abnormal prostaglandin e levels in preterm infants. because of the known effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of ductus arteriosus), use during pregnancy (particularly starting at 30-weeks of gestation, or third trimester) should be avoided. premature closure of fetal ductus arteriosus: published literature reports that the use of nsaids at about 30 weeks of gestation and later in pregnancy may cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus. oligohydramnios/neonatal renal impairment: published studies and postmarketing reports describe maternal nsaid use at about 20 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy associated with fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios, and in some cases, neonatal renal impairment. these adverse outcomes are seen, on average, after days to weeks of treatment, although oligohydramnios has been infrequently reported as soon as 48 hours after nsaid initiation. in many cases, but not all, the decrease in amniotic fluid was transient and reversible with cessation of the drug. there have been a limited number of case reports of maternal nsaid use and neonatal renal dysfunction without oligohydramnios, some of which were irreversible. some cases of neonatal renal dysfunction required treatment with invasive procedures, such as exchange transfusion or dialysis. methodological limitations of these postmarketing studies and reports include lack of a control group; limited information regarding dose, duration, and timing of drug exposure; and concomitant use of other medications. these limitations preclude establishing a reliable estimate of the risk of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes with maternal nsaid use. because the published safety data on neonatal outcomes involved mostly preterm infants, the generalizability of certain reported risks to the full-term infant exposed to nsaids through maternal use is uncertain. animal data reproduction studies have been performed in rats at 20 mg/kg/day (0.13 times the maximum recommended human daily dose of 1500 mg/day based on body surface area comparison), rabbits at 20 mg/kg/day (0.26 times the maximum recommended human daily dose, based on body surface area comparison), and mice at 170 mg/kg/day (0.6 times the maximum recommended human daily dose based on body surface area comparison) with no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to the drug. risk summary the naproxen anion has been found in the milk of lactating women at a concentration equivalent to approximately 1% of maximum naproxen concentration in plasma. the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for naproxen sodium and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from the naproxen sodium or from the underlying maternal condition. infertility  females based on the mechanism of action, the use of prostaglandin-mediated nsaids, including naproxen sodium may delay or prevent rupture of ovarian follicles, which has been associated with reversible infertility in some women. published animal studies have shown that administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors has the potential to disrupt prostaglandin-mediated follicular rupture required for ovulation. small studies in women treated with nsaids have also shown a reversible delay in ovulation. consider withdrawal of nsaids, including naproxen sodium, in women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility. safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 2 years have not been established. pediatric dosing recommendations for polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis are based on well-controlled studies [see dosage and administration (2)]. there are no adequate effectiveness or dose-response data for other pediatric conditions, but the experience in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis and other use experience have established that single doses of 2.5 to 5 mg/kg as naproxen suspension, with total daily dose not exceeding 15 mg/kg/day, are well tolerated in pediatric patients over 2 years of age.  the hepatic and renal tolerability of long-term naproxen administration was studied in two double-blind clinical trials involving 586 patients. of the patients studied, 98 patients were age 65 and older and 10 of the 98 patients were age 75 and older. naproxen was administered at doses of 375 mg twice daily or 750 mg twice daily for up to 6 months. transient abnormalities of laboratory tests assessing hepatic and renal function were noted in some patients, although there were no differences noted in the occurrence of abnormal values among different age groups. elderly patients, compared to younger patients, are at greater risk for nsaid-associated serious cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and/or renal adverse reactions. if the anticipated benefit for the elderly patient outweighs these potential risks, start dosing at the low end of the dosing range, and monitor patients for adverse effects [see warnings and precautions (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.6, 5.14)]. studies indicate that although total plasma concentration of naproxen is unchanged, the unbound plasma fraction of naproxen is increased in the elderly. the clinical significance of this finding is unclear, although it is possible that the increase in free naproxen concentration could be associated with an increase in the rate of adverse events per a given dosage in some elderly patients. caution is advised when high doses are required and some adjustment of dosage may be required in elderly patients. as with other drugs used in the elderly, it is prudent to use the lowest effective dose. experience indicates that geriatric patients may be particularly sensitive to certain adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. elderly or debilitated patients seem to tolerate peptic ulceration or bleeding less well when these events do occur. most spontaneous reports of fatal gi events are in the geriatric population [see warnings and precautions (5.2)]. naproxen is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function [see clinical pharmacology (12.3) ] . geriatric patients may be at a greater risk for the development of a form of renal toxicity precipitated by reduced prostaglandin formation during administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [see warnings and precautions (5.6) ].  caution is advised when high doses are required and some adjustment of dosage may be required in these patients. it is prudent to use the lowest effective dose [see clinical pharmacology (12.3)]. naproxen-containing products are not recommended for use in patients with moderate to severe and severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 ml/min) [see warnings and precautions (5.6), clinical pharmacology (12.3)].

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remedyrepack inc. - abacavir sulfate (unii: j220t4j9q2) (abacavir - unii:wr2tip26vs) - abacavir 300 mg - abacavir tablets, in combination with other antiretroviral agents, are indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) infection. abacavir tablets are contraindicated in patients: - who have the hla-b*5701 allele [see warnings and precautions (5.1)] . - with prior hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir [see warnings and precautions (5.1)] . - with moderate or severe hepatic impairment [see use in specific populations (8.6)] . pregnancy exposure registry there is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to abacavir during pregnancy. healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the antiretroviral pregnancy registry (apr) at 1-800-258-4263. risk summary available data from the apr show no difference in the overall risk of birth defects for abacavir compared with the background rate for birth defects of 2.7% in the metropolitan atlanta congenital defects program (macdp) reference population ( see data) . the apr uses the macdp as