PHENOBARBITAL elixir

Country: United States

Language: English

Source: NLM (National Library of Medicine)

Active ingredient:

PHENOBARBITAL (UNII: YQE403BP4D) (PHENOBARBITAL - UNII:YQE403BP4D)

Available from:

e5 Pharma, LLC

Administration route:

ORAL

Prescription type:

PRESCRIPTION DRUG

Therapeutic indications:

- Sedative - Anticonvulsant–For the treatment of generalized and partial seizures. Phenobarbital is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to barbiturates, in patients with a history of manifest or latent porphyria, and in patients with marked impairment of liver function or respiratory disease in which dyspnea or obstruction is evident. Controlled Substance–Phenobarbital is a Schedule IV drug. Dependence–Barbiturates may be habit forming. Tolerance, psychological dependence, and physical dependence may occur, especially following prolonged use of high doses of barbiturates. Daily administrations in excess of 400 mg of pentobarbital or secobarbital for approximately 90 days is likely to produce some degree of physical dependence. A dosage of 600 to 800 mg taken for at least 35 days is sufficient to produce withdrawal seizures. The average daily dose for the barbiturate addict is usually about 1.5 g. As tolerance to barbiturates develops, the amount needed to maintain the same level of intoxication

Product summary:

Phenobarbital Elixir, USP, 20.0 mg/5 mL: Clear red Elixir. Available in 16 oz bottles, NDC 13517-107-16. Contains alcohol, 15%

Authorization status:

unapproved drug other

Summary of Product characteristics

PHENOBARBITAL- PHENOBARBITAL ELIXIR
E5 PHARMA, LLC
_Disclaimer: This drug has not been found by FDA to be safe and
effective, and this_
_labeling has not been approved by FDA. For further information about
unapproved_
_drugs, click here._
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PHENOBARBITAL ELIXIR, USP
CIV
RX ONLY
DESCRIPTION
The barbiturates are nonselective central nervous system (CNS)
depressants that are
primarily used as sedative-hypnotics. In subhypnotic doses, they are
also used as
anticonvulsants. The barbiturates and their sodium salts are subject
to control under the
Federal Controlled Substances Act.
Phenobarbital is a barbituric acid derivative and occurs as white,
odorless, small crystals
or crystalline powder that is very slightly soluble in water; soluble
in alcohol, in ether, and
in solutions of fixed alkali hydroxides and carbonates; sparingly
soluble in chloroform.
Phenobarbital is 5-ethyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid and has the empirical
formula C
H
N
O
. Its molecular weight is 232.24. It has the following structural
formula:
Phenobarbital is a substituted pyrimidine derivative in which the
basic structure is
barbituric acid, a substance that has no CNS activity. CNS activity is
obtained by
substituting alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl groups on the pyrimidine ring.
Each 5 mL (teaspoonful) contains 20.0 mg phenobarbital. The elixir
also contains FD&C
Red #40, flavors, glycerin, purified water, sucrose, and alcohol 15%.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12
12
2
3
Barbiturates are capable of producing all levels of CNS mood
alteration, from excitation
to mild sedation, hypnosis, and deep coma. Overdosage can produce
death. In high
enough therapeutic doses, barbiturates induce anesthesia.
Barbiturates depress the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity,
alter cerebellar
function, and produce drowsiness, sedation, and hypnosis.
Barbiturate-induced sleep differs from physiologic sleep. Sleep
laboratory studies have
demonstrated that barbiturates reduce the amount of time spent in the
rapid eye
movement (REM) phase of sleep or the dreaming stage. Also