MORPHINE SULFATE injection, solution

Land: USA

Sprog: engelsk

Kilde: NLM (National Library of Medicine)

Aktiv bestanddel:

MORPHINE SULFATE (UNII: X3P646A2J0) (MORPHINE - UNII:76I7G6D29C)

Tilgængelig fra:

Hospira, Inc.

INN (International Name):

MORPHINE SULFATE

Sammensætning:

MORPHINE SULFATE 2 mg in 1 mL

Indgivelsesvej:

INTRAVENOUS

Recept type:

PRESCRIPTION DRUG

Terapeutiske indikationer:

Morphine Sulfate Injection is indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. Limitations of Use Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, which can occur at any dosage or duration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] , reserve Morphine Sulfate Injection for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or opioid combination products): Morphine Sulfate Injection should not be used for an extended period of time ‎unless the pain remains severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and ‎for which alternative treatment options continue to be inadequate.‎ Morphine Sulfate Injection is contraindicated in patients with: Risk Summary Use of opioid analgesics for an extended period of time during pregnancy can cause neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ]. There are no available data with Morphine Sulfate Injection in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage or adverse maternal outcomes. There are adverse outcomes reported with fetal exposure to opioid analgesics (see Clinical ‎‎Considerations) ‎. Published studies with morphine use during pregnancy have not reported a clear association with morphine and major birth defects [see Human Data]. In published animal reproduction studies, morphine administered subcutaneously during the early gestational period produced neural tube defects (i.e., exencephaly and cranioschisis) at 5 and 16 times the human daily dose of 60 mg based on body surface area (HDD) in hamsters and mice, respectively, lower fetal body weight and increased incidence of abortion at 0.4 times the HDD in the rabbit, growth retardation at 6 times the HDD in the rat, and axial skeletal fusion and cryptorchidism at 16 times the HDD in the mouse. Administration of morphine sulfate to pregnant rats during organogenesis and through lactation resulted in cyanosis, hypothermia, decreased brain weights, pup mortality, decreased pup body weights, and adverse effects on reproductive tissues at 3–4 times the HDD; and long-term neurochemical changes in the brain of offspring which correlate with altered behavioral responses that persist through adulthood at exposures comparable to and less than the HDD [see Animal Data ] . Based on animal data, advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Use of opioid analgesics for an extended period of time during pregnancy for medical or nonmedical purposes can result in physical dependence in the neonate and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome shortly after birth. Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome presents as irritability, hyperactivity and abnormal sleep pattern, high pitched cry, tremor, vomiting, diarrhea, and failure to gain weight. The onset, duration, and severity of neonatal withdrawal syndrome vary based on the specific opioid used, duration of use, timing and amount of last maternal use, and rate of elimination of the drug by the newborn. Observe newborns for signs of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and manage accordingly [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] . Labor or Delivery Opioids cross the placenta and may produce respiratory depression and psycho-physiologic effects in neonates. An opioid antagonist, such as naloxone, must be available for reversal of opioid induced respiratory depression in the neonate. Morphine Sulfate Injection is not recommended for use in women during and immediately prior to labor, when use of shorter-acting analgesics or other analgesic techniques are more appropriate. Opioid analgesics, including Morphine Sulfate Injection, can prolong labor through actions that temporarily reduce the strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions. However, this effect is not consistent and may be offset by an increased rate of cervical dilatation, which tends to shorten labor. Monitor neonates exposed to opioid analgesics during labor for signs of excess sedation and respiratory depression. Data Human Data The results from a population-based prospective cohort, including 70 women exposed to morphine during the first trimester of pregnancy and 448 women exposed to morphine at any time during pregnancy, indicate no increased risk for congenital malformations. However, these studies cannot definitely establish the absence of any risk because of methodological limitations, including small sample size and non-randomized study design. Animal Data Formal reproductive and developmental toxicology studies for morphine have not been conducted. Exposure margins for the following published study reports are based on human daily dose of 60 mg morphine using a body surface area comparison (HDD). Neural tube defects (exencephaly and cranioschisis) were noted following subcutaneous administration of morphine sulfate (35–322 mg/kg) on Gestation Day 8 to pregnant hamsters (4.7 to 43.5 times the HDD). A no adverse effect level was not defined in this study and the findings cannot be clearly attributed to maternal toxicity. Neural tube defects (exencephaly), axial skeletal fusions, and cryptorchidism were reported following a single subcutaneous (SC) injection of morphine sulfate to pregnant mice (100–500 mg/kg) on Gestation Day 8 or 9 at 200 mg/kg or greater (16 times the HDD) and fetal resorption at 400 mg/kg or higher (32 times the HDD). No adverse effects were noted following 100 mg/kg morphine in this model (8 times the HDD). In one study, following continuous subcutaneous infusion of doses greater than or equal to 2.72 mg/kg to mice (0.2 times the HDD), exencephaly, hydronephrosis, intestinal hemorrhage, split supraoccipital, malformed sternebrae, and malformed xiphoid were noted. The effects were reduced with increasing daily dose; possibly due to rapid induction of tolerance under these infusion conditions. The clinical significance of this report is not clear. Decreased fetal weights were observed in pregnant rats treated with 20 mg/kg/day morphine sulfate (3.2 times the HDD) from Gestation Day 7 to 9. There was no evidence of malformations despite maternal toxicity (10% mortality). In a second rat study, decreased fetal weight and increased incidences of growth retardation were noted at 35 mg/kg/day (5.7 times the HDD) and there was a reduced number of fetuses at 70 mg/kg/day (11.4 times the HDD) when pregnant rats were treated with 10, 35, or 70 mg/kg/day morphine sulfate via continuous infusion from Gestation Day 5 to 20. There was no evidence of fetal malformations or maternal toxicity. An increased incidence of abortion was noted in a study in which pregnant rabbits were treated with 2.5 (0.8 times the HDD) to 10 mg/kg morphine sulfate via subcutaneous injection from Gestation Day 6 to 10. In a second study, decreased fetal body weights were reported following treatment of pregnant rabbits with increasing doses of morphine (10–50 mg/kg/day) during the pre-mating period and 50 mg/kg/day (16 times the HDD) throughout the gestation period. No overt malformations were reported in either publication; although only limited endpoints were evaluated. In published studies in rats, exposure to morphine during gestation and/or lactation periods is associated with: decreased pup viability at 12.5 mg/kg/day or greater (2 times the HDD); decreased pup body weights at 15 mg/kg/day or greater (2.4 times the HDD); decreased litter size, decreased absolute brain and cerebellar weights, cyanosis, and hypothermia at 20 mg/kg/day (3.2 times the HDD); alteration of behavioral responses (play, social-interaction) at 1 mg/kg/day or greater (0.2 times the HDD); alteration of maternal behaviors (e.g., decreased nursing and pup retrievals) in mice at 1 mg/kg or higher (0.08 times the HDD) and rats at 1.5 mg/kg/day or higher (0.2 times the HDD); and a host of behavioral abnormalities in the offspring of rats, including altered responsiveness to opioids at 4 mg/kg/day (0.7 times the HDD) or greater. Fetal and/or postnatal exposure to morphine in mice and rats has been shown to result in morphological changes in fetal and neonatal brain and neuronal cell loss, alteration of a number of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems, including opioid and non-opioid systems, and impairment in various learning and memory tests that appear to persist into adulthood. These studies were conducted with morphine treatment usually in the range of 4 to 20 mg/kg/day (0.7 to 3.2 times the HDD). Additionally, delayed sexual maturation and decreased sexual behaviors in female offspring at 20 mg/kg/day (3.2 times the HDD), and decreased plasma and testicular levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone, decreased testes weights, seminiferous tubule shrinkage, germinal cell aplasia, and decreased spermatogenesis in male offspring were also observed at 20 mg/kg/day (3.2 times the HDD). Decreased litter size and viability were observed in the offspring of male rats that were intraperitoneally administered morphine sulfate for 1 day prior to mating at 25 mg/kg/day (4.1 times the HDD) and mated to untreated females. Decreased viability and body weight and/or movement deficits in both first and second generation offspring were reported when male mice were treated for 5 days with escalating doses of 120 to 240 mg/kg/day morphine sulfate (9.7 to 19.5 times the HDD) or when female mice treated with escalating doses of 60 to 240 mg/kg/day (4.9 to 19.5 times the HDD) followed by a 5-day treatment-free recovery period prior to mating. Similar multigenerational findings were also seen in female rats pre‑gestationally treated with escalating doses of 10 to 22 mg/kg/day morphine (1.6 to 3.6 times the HDD). Risk Summary Morphine is present in breast milk. Published lactation studies report variable concentrations of morphine in breast milk with administration of immediate-release morphine to nursing mothers in the early postpartum period with a milk-to-plasma morphine AUC ratio of 2.5:1 measured in one lactation study. However, there is insufficient information to determine the effects of morphine on the breastfed infant and the effects of morphine on milk production. Lactation studies have not been conducted with Morphine Sulfate Injection, and no information is available on the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant or the effects of the drug on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for Morphine Sulfate Injection, and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from Morphine Sulfate Injection, or from the underlying maternal condition. Clinical Considerations Monitor infants exposed to Morphine Sulfate Injection, through breast milk for excess sedation and respiratory depression. Withdrawal symptoms can occur in breastfed infants when maternal administration of morphine is stopped, or when breastfeeding is stopped. Infertility Use of opioids for an extended period of time may cause reduced fertility in females and males of reproductive potential. It is not known whether these effects on fertility are reversible [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. In published animal studies, morphine administration adversely effected fertility and reproductive endpoints in male rats and prolonged estrus cycle in female rats [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13)]. The safety and effectiveness of Morphine Sulfate Injection in pediatric patients below the age of 18 have not been established. The pharmacodynamic effects of morphine in the elderly are more variable than in the younger population. Older patients will vary widely in the effective initial dose, rate of development of tolerance and the frequency and magnitude of associated adverse effects as the dose is increased. Initial elderly patients (aged 65 years or older) may have increased sensitivity to morphine. In general, use caution when selecting a dosage for an elderly patient, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. Respiratory depression is the chief risk for elderly patients treated with opioids, and has occurred after large initial doses were administered to patients who were not opioid-tolerant or when opioids were co-administered with other agents that depress respiration. Titrate the dosage of Morphine Sulfate Injection slowly in geriatric patients and monitor closely for signs of central nervous system and respiratory depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] . Morphine is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function. Morphine pharmacokinetics have been reported to be significantly altered in patients with cirrhosis. Start these patients with a lower than normal dosage of Morphine Sulfate Injection and titrate slowly while monitoring for signs of respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Morphine pharmacokinetics are altered in patients with renal failure. Start these patients with a lower than normal dosage of Morphine Sulfate Injection and titrate slowly while monitoring for signs of respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Morphine Sulfate Injection contains morphine, a Schedule II controlled substance. Morphine Sulfate Injection contains morphine, a substance with high potential for misuse and abuse, which can lead to the development of ‎substance use disorder, including addiction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Misuse is the intentional use, for therapeutic purposes, of a drug by an ‎individual in a way other than prescribed by a healthcare provider or for ‎whom it was not prescribed.‎ Abuse is the intentional, non-therapeutic use of a drug, even once, for its desirable psychological or physiological effects. Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling drug use (e.g., continuing drug ‎use despite harmful consequences, giving a higher priority to drug use than to other activities and obligations), and possible tolerance or physical dependence. Misuse and abuse of Morphine Sulfate Injection increases risk of ‎overdose, which may lead to central nervous system and respiratory ‎depression, hypotension, seizures, and death. The risk is increased with ‎concurrent abuse of Morphine Sulfate Injection with alcohol and/or other CNS depressants. Abuse of and addiction to opioids in ‎some individuals may not be accompanied by concurrent tolerance and symptoms of physical dependence. In addition, abuse of opioids can occur in the absence of addiction. All patients treated with opioids require careful and frequent reevaluation for signs of misuse, abuse and addiction, because use of opioid analgesic products carries the risk of addiction even under appropriate medical use. Patients at high risk of Morphine Sulfate Injection abuse include those with ‎a history of prolonged use of any opioid, including products containing morphine, those with a ‎history of drug or alcohol abuse, or those who use Morphine Sulfate ‎Injection in combination with other abused drugs.‎ “Drug-seeking” behavior is very common in persons with substance use disorders. Drug-seeking tactics include emergency calls or visits near the end of office hours, refusal to undergo appropriate examination, testing or referral, repeated “loss” of prescriptions, tampering with prescriptions, and reluctance to provide prior medical records or contact information for other treating healthcare provider(s). “Doctor shopping” (visiting multiple prescribers to obtain additional prescriptions) is common among people who abuse drugs and people with substance use disorder. Preoccupation with achieving adequate pain relief can be appropriate behavior in a patient with inadequate pain control. Morphine Sulfate Injection, like other opioids, can be diverted for nonmedical use into illicit channels of distribution. Careful record-keeping of prescribing information, including quantity, frequency, and renewal requests, as required by state and federal law, is strongly advised. Proper assessment of the patient, proper prescribing practices, periodic reevaluation of therapy, and proper dispensing and storage are appropriate measures that help to limit abuse of opioid drugs. Risks Specific to Abuse of Morphine Sulfate Injection Abuse of Morphine Sulfate Injection poses a risk of overdose and death. The risk is increased with ‎concurrent use of Morphine Sulfate Injection with alcohol and/or other CNS depressants.‎ Parenteral drug abuse is commonly associated with transmission of ‎infectious diseases such as hepatitis and HIV.‎ Both tolerance and physical dependence can develop during use of opioid therapy. Tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to ‎a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher dose of a drug is ‎required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower ‎dose).‎ Physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of a physiological ‎adaptation in response to repeated drug use, manifested by withdrawal ‎signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose ‎reduction of a drug.‎ Withdrawal may be precipitated through the administration of drugs with opioid antagonist activity (e.g., naloxone), mixed agonist/antagonist analgesics (e.g., pentazocine, butorphanol, nalbuphine), or partial agonists (e.g., buprenorphine). Physical dependence may not occur to a clinically significant degree until after several days to weeks of continued use. Morphine Sulfate Injection should not be abruptly discontinued in a physically‑dependent patient [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)]. If Morphine Sulfate Injection is abruptly discontinued in a physically‑dependent patient, a withdrawal syndrome may occur, typically ‎characterized by restlessness, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, perspiration, chills, myalgia, and mydriasis. Other signs and symptoms also may develop, including, irritability, anxiety, backache, joint pain, weakness, abdominal cramps, insomnia, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, or increased blood pressure, respiratory rate, or heart rate. Infants born to mothers physically-dependent on opioids will also be physically-dependent and may exhibit respiratory difficulties and withdrawal signs [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Instructions for use - Carpuject™ Single-dose Cartridge Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Do not use if color is darker than pale yellow, if it is discolored in any other way, or if it contains a precipitate. Instructions for use - Carpuject™ Single-dose Cartridge Carpuject™ Single-dose cartridges with Luer Lock are packaged in a Slim-Pak™ tamper detection package. Note that a needle is not included. Before use, read all instructions for using the Carpuject™ Syringe, which are contained in the product insert for the reusable Carpuject™ Holder before use. Carpuject™ Single-dose cartridges are to be used ONLY with Carpuject™ Holders. NOTE: To prevent needlestick injuries, do not recap, purposely bend, or break by hand used ‎needles. Do not recap, purposely bend, or break by hand blunt Cannulas. Instructions for use - NexJect™ Single-dose Prefilled Syringe LAB-0921-4.0 Revised: 12/2023

Produkt oversigt:

Morphine Sulfate Injection, USP is supplied as a sterile solution in single-dose Carpuject™ cartridges for use ONLY with the Carpuject™ Holders ‎and NexJect™ prefilled syringes for intravenous administration, and available as follows: NDC 0409-1890-01 Carton of 10 1 mL fill in 2.5 mL Carpuject™ Single-dose cartridge with Luer Lock for the Carpuject™ Syringe System 2 mg/mL NDC 0409-1891-01 Carton of 10 1 mL fill in 2.5 mL Carpuject™ Single-dose cartridge with Luer Lock for the Carpuject™ Syringe System 4 mg/mL NDC 0409-1892-01 Carton of 10 1 mL fill in 2.5 mL Carpuject™ Single-dose cartridge with Luer Lock for the Carpuject™ Syringe System 8 mg/mL NDC 0409-1893-01 Carton of 10 1 mL fill in 2.5 mL Carpuject™ Single-dose cartridge with Luer Lock for the Carpuject™ Syringe System 10 mg/mL NDC 0409-1894-01 Carton of 10 1 mL fill in 2.5 mL Carpuject™ Single-dose cartridge with Luer Lock for the Carpuject™ Syringe System 15 mg/mL NDC 0409-1890-23 Clamshell of 10 1 mL fill in 1.5 mL NexJect™ Single-dose Prefilled Syringe with Luer Lock 2 mg/mL NDC 0409-1891-23 Clamshell of 10 1 mL fill in 1.5 mL NexJect™ Single-dose Prefilled Syringe with Luer Lock 4 mg/mL NDC 0409-1892-23 Clamshell of 10 1 mL fill in 1.5 mL NexJect™ Single-dose Prefilled Syringe with Luer Lock 8 mg/mL NDC 0409-1893-23 Clamshell of 10 1 mL fill in 1.5 mL NexJect™ Single-dose Prefilled Syringe with Luer Lock 10 mg/mL Carpuject™ Single-dose cartridges with Luer Lock are packaged in a Slim-Pak™ tamper detection package. Note that a needle is not included with Carpuject™ Single-dose cartridges and Nexject‎™ Single-dose Prefilled Syringes. Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature] until ready to use. PROTECT FROM LIGHT. DO NOT FREEZE. Contains no preservative or antioxidant. DISCARD ANY UNUSED PORTION. DO NOT HEAT-STERILIZE.

Autorisation status:

New Drug Application

Produktets egenskaber

MORPHINE SULFATE- MORPHINE SULFATE INJECTION, SOLUTION
HOSPIRA, INC.
REFERENCE LABEL SET ID: C8D43C13-ABEA-4B37-B5E2-76D2624589C3
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HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
THESE HIGHLIGHTS DO NOT INCLUDE ALL THE INFORMATION NEEDED TO USE
MORPHINE SULFATE
INJECTION SAFELY AND EFFECTIVELY. SEE FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION FOR
MORPHINE SULFATE
INJECTION.
MORPHINE SULFATE INJECTION, PRESERVATIVE-FREE, SOLUTION FOR
INTRAVENOUS USE, CII
INITIAL U.S. APPROVAL: 1941
WARNING: SERIOUS AND LIFE‑THREATENING RISKS FROM USE OF MORPHINE
SULFATE
INJECTION
_SEE FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION FOR COMPLETE BOXED WARNING_.
•
•
•
•
RECENT MAJOR CHANGES
Boxed Warning
12/2023
Indications and Usage (1)
12/2023
Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.2, 2.3)
12/2023
Warnings and Precautions (5.6)
12/2023
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Morphine Sulfate Injection is an opioid agonist indicated for the
management of pain severe enough to
require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are
inadequate. (1)
Limitations of Use (1)
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids,
which can occur at any dosage or
duration (5.1), reserve Morphine Sulfate Injection for use in patients
for whom alternative treatment
options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or opioid combination products):
•
•
Morphine Sulfate Injection should not be used for an extended period
of time ​unless the pain remains
severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and ​for which
alternative treatment options continue to be
inadequate.​
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
•
MORPHINE SULFATE INJECTION EXPOSES USERS TO RISKS OF ADDICTION, ABUSE,
AND MISUSE,
WHICH CAN LEAD TO OVERDOSE AND DEATH. ASSESS PATIENT'S RISK BEFORE
PRESCRIBING
AND REASSESS REGULARLY FOR THESE BEHAVIORS AND CONDITIONS. (5.1)
SERIOUS, LIFE-THREATENING, OR FATAL RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION MAY OCCUR
WITH USE OF
MORPHINE SULFATE INJECTION, ESPECIALLY DURING INITIATION OR FOLLOWING
A DOSAGE
INCREASE. TO REDUCE THE RISK OF RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, PROPER DOSING
AND TITRATION
OF ​MOR