САЩ - английски - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

sunshine lake pharma co., ltd. - febuxostat (unii: 101v0r1n2e) (febuxostat - unii:101v0r1n2e) - febuxostat tablet is a xanthine oxidase (xo) inhibitor indicated for the chronic management of hyperuricemia in adult patients with gout who have an inadequate response to a maximally titrated dose of allopurinol, who are intolerant to allopurinol, or for whom treatment with allopurinol is not advisable. for the safe and effective use of allopurinol, see allopurinol prescribing information. limitations of use : febuxostat tablets are not recommended for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia.febuxostat tablets are not recommended for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. febuxostat tablets are contraindicated in patients being treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine [see drug interactions (7)] . risk summary limited available data with febuxostat tablets use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. no adverse developmental effects were observed in embryo-fetal development studies with oral a

САЩ - английски - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

aphena pharma solutions - tennessee, llc - febuxostat (unii: 101v0r1n2e) (febuxostat - unii:101v0r1n2e) - febuxostat tablets are a xanthine oxidase (xo) inhibitor indicated for the chronic management of hyperuricemia in adult patients with gout who have an inadequate response to a maximally titrated dose of allopurinol, who are intolerant to allopurinol, or for whom treatment with allopurinol is not advisable. for the safe and effective use of allopurinol, see allopurinol prescribing information. limitations of use: febuxostat tablets are not recommended for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. febuxostat tablets are contraindicated in patients being treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine [see drug interactions (7)] . risk summary: limited available data with febuxostat use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. no adverse developmental effects were observed in embryo-fetal development studies with oral administration of febuxostat to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses that produced maternal exposures up to 40 and 51

САЩ - английски - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

american health packaging - febuxostat (unii: 101v0r1n2e) (febuxostat - unii:101v0r1n2e) - febuxostat tablets are xanthine oxidase (xo) inhibitor indicated for the chronic management of hyperuricemia in adult patients with gout who have an inadequate response to a maximally titrated dose of allopurinol, who are intolerant to allopurinol, or for whom treatment with allopurinol is not advisable. limitations of use: febuxostat tablets are not recommended for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. febuxostat tablets are contraindicated in patients being treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine [see drug interactions (7)]. risk summary limited available data with febuxostat use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. no adverse developmental effects were observed in embryo-fetal development studies with oral administration of febuxostat to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses that produced maternal exposures up to 40 and 51 times, respectively, the exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (mrhd). no adverse developmental effects were observed in a pre-and postnatal development study with administration of febuxostat to pregnant rats from organogenesis through lactation at an exposure approximately 11 times the mrhd (see data) . the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the us general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. data animal data in an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rats dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 7 to 17, febuxostat was not teratogenic and did not affect fetal development or survival at exposures up to approximately 40 times the mrhd (on an auc basis at maternal oral doses up to 48 mg/kg/day). in an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rabbits dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 6 to 18, febuxostat was not teratogenic and did not affect fetal development at exposures up to approximately 51 times the mrhd (on an auc basis at maternal oral doses up to 48 mg/kg/day). in a pre-and postnatal development study in pregnant female rats dosed orally from gestation day 7 through lactation day 20, febuxostat had no effects on delivery or growth and development of offspring at a dose approximately 11 times the mrhd (on an auc basis at a maternal oral dose of 12 mg/kg/day). however, increased neonatal mortality and a reduction in neonatal body weight gain were observed in the presence of maternal toxicity at a dose approximately 40 times the mrhd (on an auc basis at a maternal oral dose of 48 mg/kg/day). febuxostat crossed the placental barrier following oral administration to pregnant rats and was detected in fetal tissues. risk summary there are no data on the presence of febuxostat in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. febuxostat is present in rat milk. the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for febuxostat and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from febuxostat or from the underlying maternal condition. data animal data orally administered febuxostat was detected in the milk of lactating rats at up to approximately 7 times the plasma concentration. safety and effectiveness of febuxostat in pediatric patients have not been established. no dose adjustment is necessary in elderly patients. of the total number of patients in studies 1, 2, and 3 (clinical studies of febuxostat in the treatment of gout) [see clinical studies (14.1)], 16% were 65 and over, while 4% were 75 and over. comparing patients in different age groups, no clinically significant differences in safety or effectiveness were observed but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. the c max and auc 24 of febuxostat following multiple oral doses of febuxostat in geriatric patients (≥65 years) were similar to those in younger patients (18 to 40 years) [see clinical pharmacology (12.3)]. no dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (cl cr 30 to 89 ml/min). for patients with severe renal impairment (cl cr 15 to 29 ml/min), the recommended dosage of febuxostat is limited to 40 mg once daily [see dosage and administration (2.2) and clinical pharmacology (12.3)]. no dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment (child-pugh class a or b). no studies have been conducted in patients with severe hepatic impairment (child-pugh class c); therefore, caution should be exercised in these patients [see clinical pharmacology (12.3)]. no studies have been conducted in patients with secondary hyperuricemia (including organ transplant recipients); febuxostat is not recommended for use in patients whom the rate of urate formation is greatly increased (e.g., malignant disease and its treatment, lesch-nyhan syndrome). the concentration of xanthine in urine could, in rare cases, rise sufficiently to allow deposition in the urinary tract.

САЩ - английски - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

tris pharma inc - febuxostat (unii: 101v0r1n2e) (febuxostat - unii:101v0r1n2e) - febuxostat tablets are xanthine oxidase (xo) inhibitor indicated for the chronic management of hyperuricemia in adult patients with gout who have an inadequate response to a maximally titrated dose of allopurinol, who are intolerant to allopurinol, or for whom treatment with allopurinol is not advisable. limitations of use : febuxostat tablets are not recommended for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. febuxostat tablets are contraindicated in patients being treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine [see drug interactions (7)] . risk summary limited available data with febuxostat tablets use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. no adverse developmental effects were observed in embryo-fetal development studies with oral administration of febuxostat to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses that produced maternal exposures up to 40 and 51 times, respectively, the exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (mrhd). n

САЩ - английски - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

dr reddy's laboratories limited - febuxostat (unii: 101v0r1n2e) (febuxostat - unii:101v0r1n2e) - febuxostat tablet is a xanthine oxidase (xo) inhibitor indicated for the chronic management of hyperuricemia in adult patients with gout who have an inadequate response to a maximally titrated dose of allopurinol, who are intolerant to allopurinol, or for whom treatment with allopurinol is not advisable. for the safe and effective use of allopurinol, see allopurinol prescribing information.   limitations of use: febuxostat tablets are not recommended for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. febuxostat tablets are contraindicated in patients being treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine [see drug interactions (7) ]. risk summary limited available data with febuxostat use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. no adverse developmental effects were observed in embryo-fetal development studies with oral administration of febuxostat to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses that produced maternal exposures up to 40 and 51

САЩ - английски - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

northstar rxllc - febuxostat (unii: 101v0r1n2e) (febuxostat - unii:101v0r1n2e) - febuxostat tablets are xanthine oxidase (xo) inhibitor indicated for the chronic management of hyperuricemia in adult patients with gout who have an inadequate response to a maximally titrated dose of allopurinol, who are intolerant to allopurinol, or for whom treatment with allopurinol is not advisable. limitations of use : febuxostat tablets are not recommended for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. febuxostat tablets are contraindicated in patients being treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine [see drug interactions (7)] . risk summary limited available data with febuxostat use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. no adverse developmental effects were observed in embryo-fetal development studies with oral administration of febuxostat to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses that produced maternal exposures up to 40 and 51 times, respectively, the exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (mrhd). no adver

САЩ - английски - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

organon llc - infliximab (unii: b72hh48flu) (infliximab - unii:b72hh48flu) - renflexis is indicated for: - reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in adult patients with moderately to severely active crohn's disease (cd) who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. - reducing the number of draining enterocutaneous and rectovaginal fistulas and maintaining fistula closure in adult patients with fistulizing cd. renflexis is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with moderately to severely active cd who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. renflexis is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms, inducing and maintaining clinical remission and mucosal healing, and eliminating corticosteroid use in adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (uc) who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. renflexis is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with moderately to severely active uc who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. renflexis, in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (ra). renflexis is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms in adult patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (as). renflexis is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms of active arthritis, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in adult patients with psoriatic arthritis (psa). renflexis is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with chronic severe (i.e., extensive and/or disabling) plaque psoriasis (ps) who are candidates for systemic therapy and when other systemic therapies are medically less appropriate. renflexis should only be administered to patients who will be closely monitored and have regular follow-up visits with a physician [see boxed warning, warnings and precautions (5)] . the use of renflexis at doses >5 mg/kg is contraindicated in patients with moderate or severe heart failure [see warnings and precautions (5.5) and adverse reactions (6.1)] . renflexis is contraindicated in patients with a previous severe hypersensitivity reaction to infliximab products or any of the inactive ingredients of renflexis or any murine proteins [severe hypersensitivity reactions have included anaphylaxis, hypotension, and serum sickness] [see warnings and precautions (5.7) and adverse reactions (6.1)] . risk summary available observational studies in pregnant women exposed to infliximab products showed no increased risk of major malformations among live births as compared to those exposed to non-biologics. however, findings on other birth and maternal outcomes were not consistent across studies of different study design and conduct [see data] . monoclonal antibodies such as infliximab products are transferred across the placenta during the third trimester of pregnancy and may affect immune response in the in utero exposed infant [see clinical considerations] . because infliximab products do not cross-react with tnfα in species other than humans and chimpanzees, animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with infliximab products. in a developmental study conducted in mice using an analogous antibody, no evidence of maternal toxicity or fetal harm was observed [see data] . all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations is unknown. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. clinical considerations disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk published data suggest that there is an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid arthritis associated with increased disease activity. adverse pregnancy outcomes include preterm delivery (before 37 weeks of gestation), low birth weight (less than 2.5 kg) and small for gestational age at birth. fetal/neonatal adverse reactions as with other igg antibodies, infliximab products cross the placenta. infliximab products have been detected in the serum of infants up to 6 months following birth. consequently, these infants may be at increased risk of infection, including disseminated infection which can become fatal. at least a six month waiting period following birth is recommended before the administration of live vaccines (e.g., bcg vaccine or other live vaccines, such as the rotavirus vaccine) to these infants [see warnings and precautions (5.13)] . cases of agranulocytosis in infants exposed in utero have also been reported [see adverse reactions (6.2)] . data human data two prospective cohort studies were conducted assessing birth outcomes as well as the health status of infants up to the age of one year in women exposed to infliximab compared to non-biologic comparators including methotrexate, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and systemic corticosteroids used for the treatment of similar diseases. the first study was conducted in an ibd pregnancy registry in the united states and assessed pregnancy outcomes in 294 women with inflammatory bowel disease exposed to infliximab during pregnancy compared with 515 women on a non-biologic treatment. infliximab exposure was not associated with increased rates of major congenital malformations, miscarriage/stillbirth, infants of low birth weight, small for gestational age, or infection in the first year of life. the second study among ibd and non-ibd patients in sweden, finland, and denmark compared 97, 7, and 166 women exposed to infliximab to 2,693, 2,499 and 1,268 women on non-biologic systemic therapy, respectively. in this study, comparing pooled data across the three countries, exposure to infliximab was not associated with increased rates of congenital anomalies or infant death. infliximab in combination with immunosuppressants (mainly systemic corticosteroids and azathioprine) was associated with increased rates of preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, and infant hospitalization for infection compared with non-biologic systemic treatment. although the study did not show any associations with infliximab monotherapy, the analyses could have been underpowered to detect an association. there were additional methodological limitations with these studies that may account for the study findings in both studies: the concomitant use of other medications or treatments was not controlled and disease severity was not assessed; in the u.s. study, patient reported outcomes were collected without clinical validation. these methodological limitations hinder interpretation of the study results. animal data because infliximab products do not cross-react with tnfα in species other than humans and chimpanzees, animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with infliximab products. an embryofetal development study was conducted in pregnant mice using cv1q anti-mouse tnfα, an analogous antibody that selectively inhibits the functional activity of mouse tnfα. this antibody administered in mice, during the period of organogenesis on gestation days (gds) 6 and 12, at iv doses up to 40 mg/kg produced no evidence of maternal toxicity, fetal mortality, or structural abnormalities. doses of 10 to 15 mg/kg in pharmacodynamic animal models with the anti-tnf analogous antibody produced maximal pharmacologic effectiveness. analyses of fetal samples on gd 14 indicated placental transfer of the antibody and exposure of the fetuses during organogenesis. in a peri- and post-natal development study in mice, no maternal toxicity or adverse developmental effects in offspring were observed when dams were administered iv doses of 10 or 40 mg/kg of the analogous antibody on gds 6, 12 and 18 and lactation days 3, 9 and 15. risk summary published literature show that infliximab is present at low levels in human milk. systemic exposure in a breastfed infant is expected to be low because infliximab products are largely degraded in the gastrointestinal tract. a u.s. multi-center study of 168 women treated with infliximab for inflammatory bowel disease (breast milk samples obtained, n=29) showed that infants exposed to infliximab through breast milk had no increase in rates of infections and developed normally. there are no data on the effects of infliximab products on milk production. the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for renflexis and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from renflexis or from the underlying maternal condition. the safety and effectiveness of renflexis have been established in pediatric patients 6 to 17 years of age for induction and maintenance treatment of cd and uc [see dosage and administration (2.2, 2.4) and adverse reactions (6.1)] . however, the safety and effectiveness of renflexis in pediatric patients <6 years of age with cd or uc have not been established. the safety and effectiveness of renflexis in the treatment of pediatric patients with ps and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (jra) have not been established. pediatric crohn's disease the safety and effectiveness of renflexis have been established for reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with moderately to severely active cd who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. the use of renflexis for this indication is supported by renflexis's approval as a biosimilar to infliximab and evidence from a randomized, open-label pediatric cd study of infliximab in 112 pediatric patients aged 6 years and older [see clinical studies (14.2)] . infliximab has been studied only in combination with conventional immunosuppressive therapy in pediatric cd. the longer term (greater than 1 year) safety and effectiveness of infliximab products in pediatric cd patients have not been established in clinical trials. postmarketing cases of hstcl have been reported in pediatric patients treated with tnf blockers including infliximab products. due to the risk of hstcl, a careful risk-benefit assessment should be made when renflexis is used in combination with other immunosuppressants in pediatric cd patients [see boxed warning, warnings and precautions (5.2)] . pediatric ulcerative colitis the safety and effectiveness of renflexis for reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with moderately to severely active uc who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy have been established. the use of renflexis for this indication is supported by renflexis's approval as a biosimilar to infliximab and evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of infliximab in adults with additional safety and pharmacokinetic data from an open-label pediatric uc study in 60 pediatric patients aged 6 years and older [see dosage and administration (2.4), adverse reactions (6.1), and clinical studies (14.4)] . the effectiveness of infliximab in inducing and maintaining mucosal healing in pediatric uc was not established. although 41 patients had a mayo endoscopy subscore of 0 or 1 at the week 8 endoscopy, the induction phase was open-label and lacked a control group. only 9 patients had an optional endoscopy at week 54. approximately half of the patients were on concomitant immunomodulators (aza, 6-mp, mtx) at study start. due to the risk of hstcl, a careful risk-benefit assessment should be made when renflexis is used in combination with other immunosuppressants in pediatric uc patients [see boxed warning and warnings and precautions (5.2)]. the longer term (greater than 1 year) safety and effectiveness of infliximab products in pediatric uc patients have not been established in clinical trials. juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (jra) the safety and effectiveness of renflexis in the treatment of pediatric patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (jra) have not been established. the safety and efficacy of renflexis in patients with jra is based on renflexis's approval as a biosimilar to infliximab and evaluation of infliximab in a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study for 14 weeks, followed by a double-blind, all-active treatment extension, for a maximum of 44 weeks. patients with active jra between the ages of 4 and 17 years who had been treated with mtx for at least 3 months were enrolled. concurrent use of folic acid, oral corticosteroids (≤ 0.2 mg/kg/day of prednisone or equivalent), nsaids, and/or disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (dmards) was permitted. doses of 3 mg/kg infliximab or placebo were administered intravenously at weeks 0, 2 and 6. patients randomized to placebo crossed-over to receive 6 mg/kg infliximab at weeks 14, 16, and 20, and then every 8 weeks through week 44. patients who completed the study continued to receive open-label treatment with infliximab for up to 2 years in a companion extension study. the study failed to establish the efficacy of infliximab in the treatment of jra. key observations in the study included a high placebo response rate and a higher rate of immunogenicity than what has been observed in adults. additionally, a higher rate of clearance of infliximab was observed than had been observed in adults. population pharmacokinetic analysis showed that in pediatric patients with jra with a body weight of up to 35 kg receiving 6 mg/kg infliximab and pediatric patients with jra with body weight greater than 35 kg up to adult body weight receiving 3 mg/kg infliximab, the steady state area under the concentration curve (aucss ) was similar to that observed in adults receiving 3 mg/kg of infliximab. a total of 60 patients with jra were treated with doses of 3 mg/kg and 57 patients were treated with doses of 6 mg/kg. the proportion of patients with infusion reactions who received 3 mg/kg infliximab was 35% (21/60) over 52 weeks compared with 18% (10/57) in patients who received 6 mg/kg over 38 weeks. the most common infusion reactions reported were vomiting, fever, headache, and hypotension. in the 3 mg/kg infliximab group, 4 patients had a serious infusion reaction and 3 patients reported a possible anaphylactic reaction (2 of which were among the serious infusion reactions). in the 6 mg/kg infliximab group, 2 patients had a serious infusion reaction, 1 of whom had a possible anaphylactic reaction. two of the 6 patients who experienced serious infusion reactions received infliximab by rapid infusion (duration of less than 2 hours). antibodies to infliximab developed in 38% (20/53) of patients who received 3 mg/kg infliximab compared with 12% (6/49) of patients who received 6 mg/kg. a total of 68% (41/60) of patients who received 3 mg/kg infliximab in combination with mtx experienced an infection over 52 weeks compared with 65% (37/57) of patients who received 6 mg/kg infliximab in combination with mtx over 38 weeks. the most commonly reported infections were upper respiratory tract infection and pharyngitis, and the most commonly reported serious infection was pneumonia. other notable infections included primary varicella infection in 1 patient and herpes zoster in 1 patient. of the total number of infliximab-treated patients in ra and ps clinical studies, 256 (9.6%) were 65 years old and over, while 17 (0.6%) were 75 years old and over. in these trials, no overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between geriatric patients (patients ≥ 65 years old) and younger adult patients (patients 18 to 65 years old). however, the incidence of serious adverse reactions in geriatric patients was higher in both infliximab and control groups compared to younger adult patients. of the total number of infliximab-treated patients in cd, uc, as, and psa clinical studies, 76 (3.2%) were 65 years old and over, while 9 (0.4%) were 75 years old and over. in the cd, uc, as, and psa studies, there were insufficient numbers of geriatric patients to determine whether they respond differently from younger adults. the incidence of serious infections in infliximab-treated geriatric patients was greater than in infliximab-treated younger adult patients; therefore close monitoring of geriatric patients for the development of serious infections is recommended [see warnings and precautions (5.1), and adverse reactions (6.1)] .

САЩ - английски - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

aphena pharma solutions - tennessee, llc - febuxostat (unii: 101v0r1n2e) (febuxostat - unii:101v0r1n2e) - febuxostat tablets are xanthine oxidase (xo) inhibitor indicated for the chronic management of hyperuricemia in adult patients with gout who have an inadequate response to a maximally titrated dose of allopurinol, who are intolerant to allopurinol, or for whom treatment with allopurinol is not advisable. for the safe and effective use of allopurinol, see allopurinol prescribing information. limitations of use : febuxostat tablets is not recommended for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. febuxostat tablets are contraindicated in patients being treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine [see drug interactions (7)] . risk summary limited available data with febuxostat tablets use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. no adverse developmental effects were observed in embryo-fetal development studies with oral administration of febuxostat to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses that produced maternal exposures up to 40 a

САЩ - английски - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

woodward pharma services llc - thioguanine (unii: ftk8u1gznx) (thioguanine anhydrous - unii:wix31zpx66) - tabloid brand thioguanine is indicated for remission induction and remission consolidation treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemias. however, it is not recommended for use during maintenance therapy or similar long-term continuous treatments due to the high risk of liver toxicity (see warnings and adverse reactions). the response to this agent depends upon the age of the patient (younger patients faring better than older) and whether thioguanine is used in previously treated or previously untreated patients. reliance upon thioguanine alone is seldom justified for initial remission induction of acute nonlymphocytic leukemias because combination chemotherapy including thioguanine results in more frequent remission induction and longer duration of remission than thioguanine alone. tabloid brand thioguanine is not effective in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, or solid tumors. although thioguanine is one of several agents with activity in the treatment of the chronic phase of

САЩ - английски - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

solco healthcare us llc - febuxostat (unii: 101v0r1n2e) (febuxostat - unii:101v0r1n2e) - febuxostat tablets are a xanthine oxidase (xo) inhibitor indicated for the chronic management of hyperuricemia in adult patients with gout who have an inadequate response to a maximally titrated dose of allopurinol, who are intolerant to allopurinol, or for whom treatment with allopurinol is not advisable. limitations of use: febuxostat tablets are not recommended for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. febuxostat is contraindicated in patients being treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine [see drug interactions (7)] . risk summary limited available data with febuxostat tablets use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. no adverse developmental effects were observed in embryo-fetal development studies with oral administration of febuxostat to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses that produced maternal exposures up to 40 and 51 times, respectively, the exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (mrhd). no adverse developmental effects were observed in a pre-and postnatal development study with administration of febuxostat to pregnant rats from organogenesis through lactation at an exposure approximately 11 times the mrhd (see data) . the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. in the us general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. animal data in an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rats dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 7 – 17, febuxostat was not teratogenic and did not affect fetal development or survival at exposures up to approximately 40 times the mrhd (on an auc basis at maternal oral doses up to 48 mg/kg/day). in an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rabbits dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 6 – 18, febuxostat was not teratogenic and did not affect fetal development at exposures up to approximately 51 times the mrhd (on an auc basis at maternal oral doses up to 48 mg/kg/day). in a pre-and postnatal development study in pregnant female rats dosed orally from gestation day 7 through lactation day 20, febuxostat had no effects on delivery or growth and development of offspring at a dose approximately 11 times the mrhd (on an auc basis at a maternal oral dose of 12 mg/kg/day). however, increased neonatal mortality and a reduction in neonatal body weight gain were observed in the presence of maternal toxicity at a dose approximately 40 times the mrhd (on an auc basis at a maternal oral dose of 48 mg/kg/day). febuxostat crossed the placental barrier following oral administration to pregnant rats and was detected in fetal tissues. risk summary there are no data on the presence of febuxostat in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. febuxostat is present in rat milk. the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for febuxostat tablets and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from febuxostat tablets or from the underlying maternal condition. animal data orally administered febuxostat was detected in the milk of lactating rats at up to approximately 7 times the plasma concentration. safety and effectiveness of febuxostat in pediatric patients have not been established. no dose adjustment is necessary in elderly patients. of the total number of patients in studies 1, 2, and 3 (clinical studies of febuxostat in the treatment of gout) [see clinical studies (14.1)] , 16% were 65 and over, while 4% were 75 and over. comparing patients in different age groups, no clinically significant differences in safety or effectiveness were observed but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. the cmax and auc24 of febuxostat following multiple oral doses of febuxostat in geriatric patients (≥65 years) were similar to those in younger patients (18 to 40 years) [see clinical pharmacology (12.3)] . no dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (clcr 30 to 89 ml/min). for patients with severe renal impairment (clcr 15 to 29 ml/min), the recommended dosage of febuxostat is limited to 40 mg once daily [see dosage and administration (2.2) and clinical pharmacology (12.3)]. no dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment (child-pugh class a or b). no studies have been conducted in patients with severe hepatic impairment (child-pugh class c); therefore, caution should be exercised in these patients [see clinical pharmacology (12.3)] . no studies have been conducted in patients with secondary hyperuricemia (including organ transplant recipients); febuxostat is not recommended for use in patients whom the rate of urate formation is greatly increased (e.g., malignant disease and its treatment, lesch-nyhan syndrome). the concentration of xanthine in urine could, in rare cases, rise sufficiently to allow deposition in the urinary tract.