البلد: ماليزيا
اللغة: الإنجليزية
المصدر: NPRA (National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency, Bahagian Regulatori Farmasi Negara)
Glucosamine Sulfate Potassium Chloride
NOVA LABORATORIES SDN. BHD.
Glucosamine Sulfate Potassium Chloride
4.00gm0 mcg/mL
NOVA LABORATORIES SDN. BHD.
STORAGE CONDITIONS Store below 30 o C. Protect from light and moisture. PHARMACODYNAMICS Exogenous glucosamine is the preferred and essential substrate for the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Glucosamine sulphate also enhanced proteoglycan biosynthesis. Glucosamine sulphate is an essential substrate in the biosynthesis of cartilage proteoglycan. The sulphate esters of the GAG side chains of proteoglycans are essential for the elasticity and water binding capacity in the cartilage matrix. Sulphates in GAGs also contribute to the inhibition of cartilage-degrading enzymes. PHARMACOKINETICS Oral administration of Glucosamine sulphate potassium chloride was well absorbed (over 90%) in the gastrointestinal tract. Levels of Glucosamine sulphate potassium chloride incorporated in plasma proteins reached a peak after 8–10 hours and then declined, exhibiting a half-life of 68 hours. Following oral administration, 10% was excreted via the urine; where as 11.3% was found in the faeces. The absolute bioavailability is 26% due to the first-pass effect in the liver. With intramuscular and intravenous administration, the plasma concentrations of Glucosamine sulphate potassium chloride were five times higher than those following oral administration. Studies show that the area-under-the-curve (AUC) achieved after oral administration was 26% of that achieved after parenteral administration. SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE No cases of accidental or intentional overdose are known. The animal acute and chronic toxicological studies indicate that toxic effects and symptoms of toxicity are not likely to occur, even after high doses. PREGNANCY AND LACTATION The animal studies did not evidence any unfavorable effects on the reproductive functions or on lactation. In the absence of such studies in humans, the product during pregnancy and lactation should be used only under medical control. Administration during the first three months of pregnancy must be avoided. Zarthrimin oral powder berasa masam manis dan berwarna putih. اقرأ الوثيقة كاملة