CHLOROTHIAZIDE tablet

Summary of Product characteristics

                                CHLOROTHIAZIDE- CHLOROTHIAZIDE TABLET
AVERA MCKENNAN HOSPITAL
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DESCRIPTION
Chlorothiazide is a diuretic and antihypertensive. It is 6-
chloro-2_H_-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-
sulfonamide 1, 1-dioxide. Its molecular formula is C H CIN O S and its
structural formula is:
Chlorothiazide, USP is a white, or practically white crystalline
compound with a molecular weight of
295.73 which is very slightly soluble in water, but readily soluble in
dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide.
It is soluble in urine to the extent of about 150 mg per 100 mL at pH
7.
Each tablet for oral administration contains either 250 mg or 500 mg
of chlorothiazide and the
following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide,
croscarmellose sodium-Type A, magnesium
stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
The mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of thiazides is unknown.
Chlorothiazide does not usually
affect normal blood pressure.
Chlorothiazide affects the distal renal tubular mechanism of
electrolyte reabsorption. At maximal
therapeutic dosages, all thiazides are approximately equal in their
diuretic efficacy.
Chlorothiazide increases excretion of sodium and chloride in
approximately equivalent amounts.
Natriuresis may be accompanied by some loss of potassium and
bicarbonate.
After oral use diuresis begins within 2 hours, peaks in about 4 hours,
and lasts about 6 to 12 hours.
PHARMACOKINETICS AND METABOLISM
Chlorothiazide is not metabolized but is eliminated rapidly by the
kidney. The plasma half-life of
chlorothiazide is 45 to 120 minutes. After oral doses, 10 to 15
percent of the dose is excreted
unchanged in the urine. Chlorothiazide crosses the placental but not
the blood-brain barrier and is
excreted in breast milk.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Chlorothiazide is indicated as adjunctive therapy in edema associated
with congestive heart failure,
hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy.
Chlorothiazide has also been found useful in edema due to various
forms of renal dysfunction 
                                
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