31-08-2016
18-08-2016
17-08-2016
PATIENT PACKAGE INSERT ACCORDING TO THE
PHARMACISTS’ REGULATIONS (PREPARATIONS) – 1986
This medicine can be sold with a physician’s prescription only
E-Z-CAT
Oral suspension
Each 100 ml of preparation contain 4.9 g Barium sulfate
Excipients and allergens in the preparation: See section
6 in the leaflet – “Additional information”.
Read this entire leaflet carefully before you start using
the preparation. This leaflet contains concise information
about the preparation. If you have any further questions,
refer to the physician or pharmacist.
This preparation has been prescribed for you. Do not pass
it on to others. It may harm them, even if you think that their
medical condition is similar to yours.
1. What is the preparation intended for?
E-Z-CAT is a contrast agent given to a patient for the purpose
of a CT examination of the gastrointestinal tract, in order to
increase the quality of the stimulation.
This preparation is used for diagnostic purposes only.
The active ingredient, barium sulfate, is not absorbed and is
not metabolized by the body and is eliminated unchanged
from the body.
Therapeutic group: This preparation belongs to a group of
preparations used as opaque to x-rays contrasting agents.
2. Before using the preparation:
Do not use the preparation if
You are hypersensitive to barium sulfate or to any of
the additional ingredients this preparation contains )see
section 6 in the leaflet – “Additional information”)
suffer
from
following
gastrointestinal
disorders:
Fistula, perforation or obstruction in any part of the
gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Insufficient blood flow (ischemia) in the gastrointestinal
tract
Enlarged colon )megacolon or toxic megacolon(
Necrotizing enterocolitis )NEC(
Severe constipation
severe impaired gastric emptying
You suffer from injuries or chemical burns of the gastrointestinal
tract
Immediately before or immediately after gastrointestinal
surgery or any surgical procedure in the gastrointestinal
tract.
During and up to 4 weeks after radiotherapy to the rectum
or prostate
In infants with swallowing difficulties
Special warnings regarding the use of this preparation
Inform the physician before taking the preparation if:
You are pregnant.
You are allergic to any medicine or food
You have had previous reactions to barium sulfate
preparations or other contrast agents used in x-ray
procedures
You are taking, or if you have recently taken, other
medicines, including non-prescription medicines
and food supplements
You have or there is a family history of allergy
You suffer from gastrointestinal diseases or
disturbances
You suffer from amebiasis )amebic dysentery(
You suffer from a medical condition called Hirchsprung’s
disease
You suffer or have suffered in the past from aspirations
(inhalation of food or liquids to the lungs)
You experience swallowing difficulties
You have suffered in the past from a stroke
You suffer from impaired renal function
You suffer from constipation
You suffer from dehydration
You suffer from a heart disease
Take the preparation under the supervision of a physician.
Diagnostic procedures which involve contrast agents
should be carried out under the direction of personnel
with the required knowledge and training.
Other possible complications
You may be asked to rest lying down under supervision
after the examination, if you are feeling weakness, pallor,
sense of ringing in the ears (tinnitus), increased sweating
and slow heart rate.
Preparation for gastrointestinal examinations often
requires a liquid diet and laxatives and can result in water
loss. Drink immediately after the examination.
Tell the physician or pharmacist if you are taking or
have recently taken any other medicines, including non-
prescription drugs and food supplements.
You should consider not taking other medicines in close
proximity to taking this preparation, since the presence of
barium sulfate in the gastrointestinal tract may alter the
absorption of other medicines taken concomitantly.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
If you are pregnant, consult a physician before using this
preparation. The preparation may be used during pregnancy
however, since x-ray can harm the fetus in the womb,
procedures that include x-ray during pregnancy will only be
conducted if the physician determines that it is essential for
your welfare.
The preparation may be used while breastfeeding.
Driving and use of machinery
This preparation may cause dizziness. If you feel dizzy, do
not drive and do not operate dangerous machinery until the
dizziness passes.
Important information about some of the ingredients of
the medicine
Do not use the preparation if you are sensitive to
fructose. Consult a physician before you administer the
preparation to infants and children due to the possibility
of sensitivity to fructose.
Report to the physician if you are on a low sodium
or potassium diet or if you suffer from impaired renal
function.
The preparation contains methyl parahydroxybenzoate,
which may cause allergic reactions, sometimes after
time.
The preparation contains sorbitol which is a substance
with a laxative effect.
If you have been told by a physician that you have an
intolerance to certain sugars, contact the physician
before using this preparation.
3. How to use the preparation?
Take the preparation under the supervision of a physician.
Always use according to the physician’s instructions. Check
with the physician if you are not sure.
Dosage
administration
will
determined
physician only.
Do not exceed the recommended dose.
E-Z-CAT
intended
dilution
prior
use.
measuring mean intended for measuring the correct amount
of preparation. If not attached to the package, consult the
pharmacist.
Shake
well
before
after
dilution.
Take
E-Z-CAT
immediately after dilution and do not store it.
You may be given a laxative prior to using this preparation if
you suffer from dehydration, have a tendency for constipation
or are elderly.
After the examination you may be asked to drink, a laxative
will be given to you or you will be connected to a fluid infusion.
The package is for single use only.
Overdose:
If you have taken an overdose or if a child has
accidentally swallowed the preparation, proceed
immediately to a physician or a hospital emergency room
and bring the package of the preparation with you.
On rare occasions following repeated administration,
severe stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
or constipation may occur. These symptoms pass and
are not considered serious. Refer to a physician if they
appear.
Do not take medicines in the dark! Check the label and the
dose each time you take a preparation. Wear glasses if you
need them.
If you have any further questions regarding the use of this
preparation, consult a physician or pharmacist.
4. Side effects
Like any preparation, the use of E-Z-CAT may cause side
effects in some users. Do not be alarmed while reading the
list of side effects. You may not suffer from any of them.
Seek immediate medical assistance if you feel one of the
following side effects:
Swelling of the throat or face
Breathing difficulties, wheezing or shortness of breath
Feel you are about to faint or lose consciousness
These side effects are signs of a severe and occasionally life
threatening allergic reaction
Side effects may occur during or after the treatment with
barium sulfate.
Most common side effects:
Skin and subcutaneous disorders together with immune
system disorders caused by an allergic reaction to the
preparation, such as tingling skin rash (urticaria), skin
redness or inflammation (erythema) and rash.
Gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhea, nausea,
abdominal pain and swelling and constipation.
Additional side effects, which appeared very rarely (less
than one user out of 10,000) and their accurate frequency
is unknown:
Infections and infestations: Appendicitis, presence of
bacteria in blood, other infections including intestine or
liver abscess, peritoneal infection and pneumonia
Blood and the lymph system disorders: Enlargement of
lymph nodes
Immune system disorders: Allergic reactions manifested
by symptoms which include skin and subcutaneous
reactions such as tingling skin rash (urticaria), itching,
rash, skin redness or inflammation (erythema) and
facial swelling. Respiratory symptoms which may
be related to allergy include shortness of breath,
pharyngeal edema and throat tightness. Anaphylactic
reaction or shock
Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Rare cases of
hyperglycemia in diabetic patients have been reported
Psychiatric disorders: Agitation, confusion, nervousness
)reported during the administration of barium sulfate(
Nervous system disorders: Loss or consciousness,
fainting, vasovagal syncope, dizziness, burning
sensation, headache, speech impairment, hypotonia
Eye disorders, including eye swelling, usually
associated with allergic reactions
Constant noise in ear )tinnitus(
Cardiac disorders: Slowing of heart rate (bradycardia),
cyanosis, faster than normal heart rate (tachycardia)
Vascular disorders: Hypotension, pallor, vasodilation
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders:
Bronchospasm, breathing difficulties, laryngeal
edema, pharyngeal edema and pain, throat irritation or
tightness, cough. When administered orally, aspiration,
pneumonia aspiration
Gastrointestinal disorders: Constipation, gastrointestinal
blockage, ulcer, gastrointestinal perforation or inflammation,
abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain and bloating,
diarrhea, worsening of ulcerative colitis, nausea, vomiting
and retching, flatulence, swollen tongue
Skin and subcutaneous disorders: Usually associated
with
allergic
reactions
include
skin
redness
inflammation, excessive scarring, excessive sweating,
facial swelling, itch, rash, tingling skin rash (urticaria), pallor,
skin turning blue due to impaired blood flow
Renal and urinary disorders: Pain when urinating
Discomfort, pain, swelling, weakness, pyrexia, face
edema
Abnormal ECG
Injury and poisoning: Barium sulfate invasion to blood
due to bowel inflammation (diverticulitis)
Rarer side effects resulting from complications during the
procedure, medical condition and allergy can even be fatal.
If a side effect appears, if any of the side effects worsens
or when you suffer from a side effect not mentioned in this
leaflet, consult the physician.
5. How to store the preparation?
Avoid poisoning! This preparation, and any other
medicine, must be stored in a closed place out of the
reach of children and/or infants, to avoid poisoning. Do
not induce vomiting unless explicitly instructed to do so by
the physician.
Do not use after the expiry date stated on the package
)exp. date(. The expiry date refers to the last day of that
month.
Storage conditions: Do not freeze or store at a
temperature higher than 30
Excess preparation should be disposed of in accordance
with local requirements.
6. Additional information
In addition to the active ingredient, the preparation also
contains:
Sorbitol solution 70%, Pectin, Xanthan gum, Simeticone
30% emulsion, Potassium Sorbate, Saccharin sodium,
Methyl parahydroxybenzoate, Anhydrous citric acid,
Sodium citrate dihydrate, Polyoxyethylene glyceryl mono-
oleate, Artificial orange flavor, Sodium carrageenan,
Purified Water
What does the preparation look like and what does
the package contain?
E-Z-CAT is supplied in 225 ml bottles.
This is a white, viscous suspension.
Registration holder and address: Promedico Ltd., 6
Hashiloach st., P.O. box 3340 Petah Tikva 49170
Fax number: 03-9373774
e-mail address: drugsafety@neopharmgroup.com
Manufacturer’s name and address: E-Z-EM Inc.,
Quebec, Canada
The format of this leaflet was determined by the
Ministry of Health and its content was checked and
approved in August 2014
Drug registration number at the national medicines
registry of the Ministry of Health: 124 99 30407 00
E-Z-CAT
PIL PB1214-03
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1
NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
E-Z-CAT 4.9 % w/v oral suspension
2
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Active Constituent:
Barium sulfate 4.9 % w/v (4.6 % w/w)
For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3
PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Oral suspension.
White, milky, viscous suspension.
4
CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4. 1
Therapeutic indications
For use in X-ray departments. Opacification of the gastro-intestinal tract prior to
computerized axial tomography
4. 2 Posology and method of administration
E-Z-CAT is for oral administration.
The suspension is diluted with water to obtain a desired concentration.
Recommended dilutions are shown in section 6.6.
Adults and the Elderly: 350 - 450 mL of diluted suspension 30 minutes
prior to the scan and the same volume 5 minutes prior to the scan, or, as directed
by the physician.
Children: The dosage will be dependent on the size, age, health state and
anatomical region to be imaged of the child. Individual requirements
should be determined, from experience, by the radiologist.
4.3
Contraindications
Immune System Disorders
Hypersensitivity to barium sulfate or to any of the excipients.
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Patients with any of the following:
a known or suspected fistula, perforation or obstruction in any part of
the gastrointestinal tract
gastrointestinal haemorrhage
gastrointestinal ischemia
megacolon or toxic megacolon
necrotising entercolitis
severe constipation
severe impaired gastric emptying
should not receive E-Z-CAT.
E-Z-CAT should not be used for infants with swallowing disorders.
Surgical and Medical Procedures
Barium sulfate should not be administered immediately before or immediately
after gastrointestinal surgery, including snare polypectomy or ‘hot’ colonic
biopsy. If post procedural leakage is expected the product must not be used.
Do not use during and up to four weeks after radiotherapy to the rectum or
prostate.
Injury, Poisoning and Procedural Complications
Do not use if there are new injuries or chemical burns of the gastrointestinal
tract.
4.4
Special warnings and precautions for use
The product should be administered under the supervision of a physician.
Diagnostic procedures which involve the use of radiopaque contrast agents
should be carried out under the direction of personnel with the requisite
training and with a thorough knowledge of the particular procedure to be
performed.
Hypersensitivity
A history of bronchial asthma, atopy, as evidenced by hay fever and eczema,
a family history of allergy, or a previous reaction to a contrast agent warrant
special attention.
As stated in section 4.8, serious adverse reactions, including death, have
been reported with the administration of barium sulfate formulations and are
usually associated with the technique of administration, the underlying
pathological condition and/or patient hypersensitivities. Anaphylactic and
allergic reactions have been reported during double contrast examinations in
which glucagon has been used. Rapid recognition, assessment, and
diagnosis are crucial to the effective implementation of treatment. Imaging
facilities should be staffed with well-trained personnel for the diagnosis and
treatment of hypersensitivity reactions.
Barium sulfate preparations used as radiopaque media contain a number of
additives to provide diagnostic properties and patient palatability. Allergic
responses following the use of barium sulfate suspensions have been
reported. Skin irritation, redness, inflammation and hives have been reported
for infants and small children following spillage of barium sulfate suspension
on their skin.
Perforation
In patients with a serious stenosis at any level of the gastro-intestinal tract,
especially if it is distal to the stomach, and in the presence of conditions and
ailments that increase the risk of perforation such as known gastrointestinal
fistulae and carcinomas, inflammatory intestinal disease, diverticulitis and
diverticulosis and amoebiasis, careful consideration of the risks and benefits
of the administration of a barium sulfate suspension is required.
Aspiration
For patients who are prone to aspiration (the newborn, elderly and stroke
patients), it is recommended that the procedure starts with a small ingested
volume.
Vomiting following oral administration of barium sulfate may lead to aspiration
pneumonitis. Oral administration of barium sulfate suspension by an infant
sucking a bottle and administration of large quantities by catheter are reported
to be likely to result in aspiration into the tracheobronchial tree.
Cardiopulmonary arrest leading to fatality has been reported in infants
following aspiration. Aspiration of smaller amounts may cause respiratory tract
inflammation and pneumonia.
Ingestion of barium is not recommended in patients with a history of food
aspiration. If barium procedures are required in these patients or in patients in
whom integrity of the swallowing mechanism, may be compromised, proceed
with caution. If this product is aspirated into the larynx, further administration
should be immediately discontinued.
Fluid Overload
Barium sulfate suspensions have been reported to cause fluid overload due to
water absorption.
Children and patients with impaired renal function are the most susceptible to
water intoxification, as are children with Hirschsprung’s Disease.
Intravasation
Barium sulfate may also intravasate into the venous drainage of the large
bowel and enter the circulation as a "barium embolus". This complication
occurs rarely during a barium enema and is exceedingly uncommon in oral
administration. It can lead to potentially fatal complications, including
systemic and pulmonary embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation,
septicaemia and prolonged severe hypotension. It is more likely to occur in
elderly patients, due to thinning of the rectal wall and vaginal thinning with
age, and in those with colorectal disease, when intraluminal pressure
overcomes the resistance of the colonic wall affected by colitis, diverticulitis or
intestinal obstruction. The diagnosis should be considered in any patient who
collapses during or shortly after a barium procedure, and in those who
become suddenly unwell in the hours following the procedure. The diagnosis
can be confirmed by simple plain radiography; CT scanning may also be
useful to detect dissemination of barium sulfate.
Constipation or Diarrhoea
E-Z-CAT should be used with care if the patient is dehydrated, suffers from
any condition or is on any other treatment that can cause constipation, or if
the patient has history of constipation. In this situation a mild bulk laxative
should be administered following completion of the X-ray examination.
Increased intake of liquids is recommended after oral or rectal administration
of barium sulfate to prevent severe constipation and the risk of impaction.
Conversely, since E-Z-CAT contains sorbitol, administration may have a mild
laxative effect. The calorific value of sorbitol is 2.6 kcal/g.
Other Possible Complications
Apprehensive patients may develop weakness, pallor, tinnitus, diaphoresis
and bradycardia following the administration of any diagnostic agent. Such
reactions are usually unpredictable and are best treated by having the patient
lie flat for an additional 10 - 30 minutes under observation.
Patient preparation for diagnostic gastrointestinal examinations frequently
requires cathartics and a liquid diet. The various preparations can result in
water loss for the patient. Patients should be rehydrated quickly following a
barium sulfate suspension examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Saline
cathartics are recommended on a routine basis in patients with a history of
constipation unless clinically contraindicated.
Baroliths consist of inspissated barium associated with faeces. They are often
asymptomatic, but may be associated with abdominal pain, appendicitis,
bowel obstruction, or perforation. Patients who are elderly, with impaired
gastrointestinal motility, colon obstruction, electrolyte imbalance, dehydration
or on a low residue diet may be at risk of developing baroliths. To reduce this
risk, adequate hydration should be maintained during and in the days
following barium sulfate procedure. The use of laxatives (especially in case of
constipation) should be considered.
Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
E-Z-CAT contains sorbitol. Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose
intolerance should not use this medicine. Therefore, it should only be used in
babies and small children after consultation with the doctor, due to the
possibility of unknown hereditary fructose intolerance.
Patients on a Controlled Sodium or Potassium diet
E-Z-CAT contains sodium among the excipients. Care should be taken in
patients on a controlled sodium diet, especially in the cases of repeated
administration.
It also contains potassium. Care should be taken with patients who have
reduced kidney function or those on a controlled potassium diet.
Other Excipients
E-Z-CAT contains methyl parahydroxybenzoate, which may cause allergic
reactions, sometimes delayed.
Children, Elderly and Debilitated Patients
As with any barium sulfate preparation, care should be taken when
administering E-Z-CAT to children, the elderly or the debilitated.
It should be
used cautiously in patients with pre-existing heart disease.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of
interaction
No interaction studies have been performed.
Barium sulfate is biologically inert and there are no known interactions with other
medicinal products. However, The presence of barium sulphate formulation in
tract
alter
absorption
therapeutic
agents
taken
concomitantly. In order to minimize any potential change in absorption, the
separate administration of barium sulphate from that of other agents should
be considered.
Other examinations of the same area of the gastrointestinal tract with another
contrast agent may be complicated by the presence of barium sulfate
(residue) in the gastrointestinal tract up to several days following the
examination with barium contrast media.
4.5
Pregnancy and lactation
Following oral or rectal administration, barium sulfate is absorbed systemically
in negligible amounts. Though barium sulfate is pharmacologically inert, no
studies of its mutagenic or teratogenic potential are available.
.
Although this product is not contraindicated in pregnancy, we would like to
point out that radiographic procedures may damage the foetus, particularly
during the first trimester of pregnancy. Any examination should only be
carried out after careful consideration of the benefit/risk of the procedure.
Since the absorption of barium sulfate is negligible, its use is not
contraindicated during breastfeeding.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
E-Z-CAT has negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
4.8
Undesirable effects
Undesirable effects may occur during or after a procedure with barium sulfate.
Skin and subcutaneous disorders together with immune system disorders,
reflecting allergic reactions either to barium sulfate or the product excipients,
are among the most commonly reported effects; for example urticaria,
erythema and rash.
Gastrointestinal disorders are also one of the most frequently reported class
of undesirable effects; for example diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal
pain/distention, constipation.
Within the table below, clinically significant adverse reactions are listed if they
have been reported during post approval use of all barium sulfate
formulations. Their frequency is not known, therefore relative reporting rate
(for example, less commonly) compared to overall reporting for barium sulfate
is used.
MedDRA System Organ
Class
MedDRA Preferred Term
Infections and infestations
Appendicitis, Bacteraemia. Less commonly
other infections have been reported including
rare cases of Abscess intestinal, Liver abscess,
Peritoneal infection and Pneumonia
Blood and the lymphatic
system disorders
Lymphadenopathy
Immune system disorders
Hypersensitivity presenting with a wide range of
signs and symptoms including skin and
subcutaneous reactions such as urticaria,
pruritus, rash, erythema and facial swelling.
Potential hypersensitivity associated respiratory
signs and symptoms including dyspnoea,
pharyngeal oedema and throat tightness have
been reported.
Anaphylactic reaction and anaphylactic shock
have been reported less commonly.
Metabolism and nutrition
disorders
Infrequent cases of Hyperglycaemia have been
reported in diabetic patients
Psychiatric disorders
Agitation, Confusional state, Nervousness and
related symptoms have been reported during
the administration of barium sulfate
Nervous system disorders
Loss of consciousness, Syncope, Syncope
vasovagal, Dizziness, Burning sensation,
Headache, Dysarthria, Hypotonia
Eye disorders
Eye disorders, including Eye swelling, usually
associated with allergic reactions have been
reported
Ear and labyrinth disorders
Tinnitus
Cardiac disorders
Bradycardia, Cyanosis, Tachycardia
Vascular disorders
Hypotension, Pallor, Vasodilatation
Respiratory, thoracic and
mediastinal disorders
Bronchospasm, Dyspnoea, Laryngeal oedema,
Pharyngeal oedema and pain, Throat irritation
or tightness, Cough.
When administered orally, Aspiration,
Pneumonia aspiration.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms are widely
reported, it is not always possible to
differentiate between pre-existing medical
conditions and procedural complications.
Events reported include:
Constipation and in severe cases
gastrointestinal blockage; Gastrointestinal
inflammation, ulceration or perforation;
Abdominal discomfort, Abdominal pain and
distension; Diarrhoea; Colitis ulcerative may be
aggravated; Nausea; Vomiting and Retching;
Flatulence; Swollen tongue
Skin and subcutaneous
tissue disorders
Skin reactions are varied and most likely to be
associated with allergic reactions.
Reports include: Erythema, Dermatitis Contact,
Excessive granulation tissue, Hyperhidrosis,
Periorbital oedema, Pruritus, Rash, Swelling
face, Urticaria
Renal and urinary disorders
Dysuria
General disorders and
administration site conditions
Malaise, Pain, Swelling, Asthenia, Pyrexia,
Face oedema
Investigations
Electrocardiogram abnormal
Injury and poisoning
Intravasation by barium sulfate, associated with
pre-existing bowel disease or diverticulitis, has
been reported rarely
More rarely and depending on the route of administration, i.e. oral or rectal,
the following procedural complications have been reported:
Infections (e.g. peritonitis) subsequent to existing or new gastrointestinal
perforation. Complications include adhesions and granuloma.
Subsequent to existing or procedural gastrointestinal trauma, intravasation of
barium sulfate with rare subsequent venous emboli formation, including the
hepatic portal vein, vena cava and pulmonary embolism that may be fatal in
approx 50% of cases.
Following oral administration, aspiration, with pulmonary complications, may
occur and may be fatal in rare cases.
Please see section 4.4 for measures to be taken to avoid these adverse
reactions, and actions to take if such adverse reactions occur.
Very rare cases of death associated with barium sulfate administration have
been reported in the literature. The majority of the deaths relate to procedural
complications usually caused by failure to follow generally accepted
radiological practice. Some cases had a history indicating that barium sulfate
administration was highly unlikely to be a primary or even secondary
causative factor in patient fatality.
4.9
Overdose
Barium
sulfate
non-toxic
absorbed
systemically
negligible
amounts.
Repeated use within a very short period of time has led to abdominal cramps,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and constipation. These symptoms are transitory
in nature and may be allowed to resolve without medical intervention or may
be treated according to currently accepted standards of care.
5
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1
Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: X-ray contrast media, barium sulfate with
suspending agents, ATC code: V08BA01
active
constituent
E-Z-CAT,
barium
sulfate,
inert
pharmacological action. It serves only as a radiopaque substance to opacify the
gastro-intestinal tract during computed axial tomography.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Under physiological conditions, barium sulfate passes through the
gastrointestinal tract in an unchanged form and is absorbed only in
small, pharmacologically insignificant amounts.
5.3
Preclinical safety data
There are no preclinical data of relevance to the prescriber which are
additional to that already included elsewhere in the SPC.
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1
List of excipients
Sorbitol solution 70%
Pectin
Xanthan gum
Simeticone 30% emulsion
Potassium Sorbate
Saccharin sodium
Methyl parahydroxybenzoate
Citric acid anhydrous
Sodium citrate dihydrate
Polyoxyethylene glyceryl mono-oleate
Artificial orange flavour
Sodium carrageenan
Purified water
6.2
Incompatibilities
Not applicable.
6.3
Shelf life
24 month.
This pack is for single-dose use only. E-Z-CAT should be administered
immediately following reconstitution with water and must not be stored.
6.4
Special precautions for storage
Store product to protect from freezing and heat
Store below 30
6.5
Nature and contents of container
High density polyethylene bottle with polypropylene screw-on cap with
aluminium tamper-evident seal containing 225 mL.
6.6
Special precautions for disposal and other handling
The volume and concentration of E-Z-CAT to be administered will depend on
the degree and extent of contrast required in the area(s) under examination
and the equipment and technique employed.
Shake well before use. E-Z-CAT is intended for dilution prior to
administration.
Mixing Instructions: Pour contents into supplied mixing container. Add water
to slightly below top of the container. Close the lid and shake the container
well. Yield: 900 mL of 1.2% w/w barium sulphate suspension.
Alternately, E-Z-Cat barium sulphate suspension may be mixed to yield a
different density. Some suggestions are as follows:
Add E-Z-Cat contents into the mixing Container and add water to the 700 mL
level.
Yield: 700mL of a 1.5% w/w suspension.
Add water to the 600mL level.
Yield: 600 mL of a 1.7 w/w suspension.
Add water to the 500 mL level.
Yield: 500 mL of a 2.1% w/w suspension.
Suggested 30 minutes barium administration protocol for Abdomen Studies:
Administer
E-Z-Cat.
minutes
before
scan
immediately prior to scan; or use as directed by physician.
Suggested 30 Minute Barium Administration Protocol for Abdomen/Pelvis
Studies: Administer 300 mL E-Z-Cat, 30 minutes before scan and 150 mL
immediately prior scan.
Then administer a barium enema using E-Z-EM's 400 mL CAT-PAK
enema system (Cat. No. P410); or use by physician.
Suggested 90 Minute Barium Administration Protocol for Abdomen/Pelvis
Studies: Administer 450 mL E-Z-Cat, 90 minutes before scan, another 300 mL
30 minutes before scan, and 150 mL immediately prior scan; or use as
directed by physician.
Other dosing regimen may be followed as applicable.
Any unused, opened product or waste material should be disposed of in
accordance with local requirements.
Manufacturer : E-Z-EM Canada Inc., Canada
Registration Holder: Promedico Ltd., P.O. Box 3340 Petach-Tikva.
The format of this leaflet has been defined by the MOH and its content has been
checked and approved -February 2012.
העדוה
לע
הרמחה
עדימ (
)תוחיטב :ךיראת
07/02/2012
םש
רישכת
:תילגנאב
E-Z-CAT
רפסמ
:םושיר
124-99-30407-00
םש
לעב
:םושירה
Promedico LTD
םייונישה
ןולעב
םינמוסמ
לע
עקר
בוהצ ןולעב
אפורל םי/שקובמה םי/יונישה לע םיטרפ ןולעב קרפ יחכונ טסקט שדח טסקט
4.3
Contraindications
Contra-indications
‘E-Z-Cat’ is a diagnostic agent for
professional use. Barium Sulfate
products for radiography procedures
should not be used in patients with
known gastric or intestinal perforation
or hypersensitivity to barium sulfate
and other ingredients of the product
Immune System Disorders
Hypersensitivity to barium sulfate or to any of
the excipients.
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Patients with any of the following:
a known or suspected fistula,
perforation or obstruction in any part of the
gastrointestinal tract
gastrointestinal haemorrhage
gastrointestinal ischemia
megacolon or toxic megacolon
necrotising entercolitis
severe constipation
severe impaired gastric emptying
should not receive E-Z-CAT.
E-Z-CAT should not be used for infants with
swallowing disorders.
Surgical and Medical Procedures
Barium sulfate should not be administered
immediately before or immediately after
gastrointestinal surgery, including snare
polypectomy or ‘hot’ colonic biopsy. If post
procedural leakage is expected the product
must not be used.
Do not use during and up to four weeks after
radiotherapy to the rectum or prostate.
Injury, Poisoning and Procedural
Complications
Do not use if there are new injuries or
chemical burns of the gastrointestinal tract.
4.4
Special warnings
and precautions for
use
Warnings
Rarely, severe allergic reactions of an
anaphilactoid nature, have been
reported following administration of
barium sulfate contrast agents.
Appropriately trained personal and
The product should be administered under the
supervision of a physician.
Diagnostic procedures which involve the use
of radiopaque contrast agents should be
carried out under the direction of personnel
facilities and trained personnel should
be available for emergency treatment
of severe reactions and should remain
available for at least 30 to 60 minutes
following administration, since
delayed reactions can occur
Precautions: General: Diagnostic
procedures which involve the use of
radiopaque contrast agents should be
carried out under the direction of
personnel with the requisite training
and with a thorough knowledge of the
particular procedure to be preformed
A history of bronchial asthma, atopy,
as evidenced by hay fever and eczema,
or a previous reation to a contrast
agent, warrant special attention.
Caution should be excercised with the
use of radiopaque media in severely
debilitated patients and in those with
marked hypertension or advanced
cardiac disease
Ingestion of this product is not
recommended in patients with a
history of food aspiration. If barium
studies are required in these patients or
in patients in whom integrity of the
swallowing mechanism is unknown,
proceed with caution. If this product is
aspirated into the larynx, further
administration should be immediately
discontinued
After any barium study of the GI tract,
it is important to rehydrate the patient
as quickly as possible to prevent
impaction of the bowel by barium
sulfate.To prevent barium sulfate
impaction in the bowel, the use of mild
laxatives such as milk of magnesia or
lactulose, following completion of the
examination may also be required.
These mild laxatives are recommended
on a routine basis and in patients with
a history of constipation unless
contraindicated
Use with caution in patients with
complete or nearly complete
obstruction of the GI tract
Information for Patients: before
administration of this product patients
should be instructed to
Inform their
physician if they are
pregnant
Inform their
physician if they are
allergic to any drugs
or food, or if they
have had any prior
reactions to barium
sulphate products or
other contrast agents
used in x-ray
with the requisite training and with a thorough
knowledge of the particular procedure to be
performed.
Hypersensitivity
A history of bronchial asthma, atopy, as
evidenced by hay fever and eczema, a family
history of allergy, or a previous reaction to a
contrast agent warrant special attention.
As stated in section 4.8, serious adverse
reactions, including death, have been reported
with the administration of barium sulfate
formulations and are usually associated with
the technique of administration, the underlying
pathological condition and/or patient
hypersensitivities. Anaphylactic and allergic
reactions have been reported during double
contrast examinations in which glucagon has
been used. Rapid recognition, assessment, and
diagnosis are crucial to the effective
implementation of treatment. Imaging
facilities should be staffed with well-trained
personnel for the diagnosis and treatment of
hypersensitivity reactions.
Barium sulfate preparations used as
radiopaque media contain a number of
additives to provide diagnostic properties and
patient palatability. Allergic responses
following the use of barium sulfate
suspensions have been reported. Skin
irritation, redness, inflammation and hives
have been reported for infants and small
children following spillage of barium sulfate
suspension on their skin.
Perforation
In patients with a serious stenosis at any level
of the gastro-intestinal tract, especially if it is
distal to the stomach, and in the presence of
conditions and ailments that increase the risk
of perforation such as known gastrointestinal
fistulae and carcinomas, inflammatory
intestinal disease, diverticulitis and
diverticulosis and amoebiasis, careful
consideration of the risks and benefits of the
administration of a barium sulfate suspension
is required.
Aspiration
For patients who are prone to aspiration (the
newborn, elderly and stroke patients), it is
recommended that the procedure starts with a
small ingested volume.
Vomiting following oral administration of
barium sulfate may lead to aspiration
pneumonitis. Oral administration of barium
sulfate suspension by an infant sucking a
bottle and administration of large quantities by
catheter are reported to be likely to result in
aspiration into the tracheobronchial tree.
Cardiopulmonary arrest leading to fatality has
been reported in infants following aspiration.
Aspiration of smaller amounts may cause
procedures (see
Precautions-
General)
Inform their
physician about any
other medications
they are currently
taking
respiratory tract inflammation and pneumonia.
Ingestion of barium is not recommended in
patients with a history of food aspiration. If
barium procedures are required in these
patients or in patients in whom integrity of the
swallowing mechanism ,may be compromised,
proceed with caution. If this product is
aspirated into the larynx, further
administration should be immediately
discontinued.
Fluid Overload
Barium sulfate suspensions have been reported
to cause fluid overload due to water
absorption.
Children and patients with impaired renal
function are the most susceptible to water
intoxification, as are children with
Hirschsprung’s Disease.
Intravasation
Barium sulfate may also intravasate into the
venous drainage of the large bowel and enter
the circulation as a "barium embolus". This
complication occurs rarely during a barium
enema and is exceedingly uncommon in oral
administration. It can lead to potentially fatal
complications, including systemic and
pulmonary embolism, disseminated
intravascular coagulation, septicaemia and
prolonged severe hypotension. It is more
likely to occur in elderly patients, due to
thinning of the rectal wall and vaginal thinning
with age, and in those with colorectal disease,
when intraluminal pressure overcomes the
resistance of the colonic wall affected by
colitis, diverticulitis or intestinal obstruction.
The diagnosis should be considered in any
patient who collapses during or shortly after a
barium procedure, and in those who become
suddenly unwell in the hours following the
procedure. The diagnosis can be confirmed by
simple plain radiography; CT scanning may
also be useful to detect dissemination of
barium sulfate.
Constipation or Diarrhoea
E-Z-CAT should be used with care if the
patient is dehydrated, suffers from any
condition or is on any other treatment that can
cause constipation, or if the patient has history
of constipation. In this situation a mild bulk
laxative should be administered following
completion of the X-ray examination.
Increased intake of liquids is recommended
after oral or rectal administration of barium
sulfate to prevent severe constipation and the
risk of impaction.
Conversely, since E-Z-CAT contains sorbitol,
administration may have a mild laxative
effect. The calorific value of sorbitol is 2.6
kcal/g.
Other Possible Complications
Apprehensive patients may develop weakness,
pallor, tinnitus, diaphoresis and bradycardia
following the administration of any diagnostic
agent. Such reactions are usually unpredictable
and are best treated by having the patient lie
flat for an additional 10 - 30 minutes under
observation.
Patient preparation for diagnostic
gastrointestinal examinations frequently
requires cathartics and a liquid diet. The
various preparations can result in water loss
for the patient. Patients should be rehydrated
quickly following a barium sulfate suspension
examination of the gastrointestinal tract.
Saline cathartics are recommended on a
routine basis in patients with a history of
constipation unless clinically contraindicated.
Baroliths consist of inspissated barium
associated with faeces. They are often
asymptomatic, but may be associated with
abdominal pain, appendicitis, bowel
obstruction, or perforation. Patients who are
elderly, with impaired gastrointestinal
motility, colon obstruction, electrolyte
imbalance, dehydration or on a low residue
diet may be at risk of developing baroliths. To
reduce this risk, adequate hydration should be
maintained during and in the days following
barium sulfate procedure. The use of laxatives
(especially in case of constipation) should be
considered.
Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
E-Z-CAT contains sorbitol. Patients with rare
hereditary problems of fructose intolerance
should not use this medicine. Therefore, it
should only be used in babies and small
children after consultation with the doctor, due
to the possibility of unknown hereditary
fructose intolerance.
Patients on a Controlled Sodium or Potassium
diet
E-Z-CAT contains sodium among the
excipients. Care should be taken in patients on
a controlled sodium diet, especially in the
cases of repeated administration.
It also contains potassium. Care should be
taken with patients who have reduced kidney
function or those on a controlled potassium
diet.
Other Excipients
E-Z-CAT contains methyl
parahydroxybenzoate, which may cause
allergic reactions, sometimes delayed.
Children, Elderly and Debilitated Patients
As with any barium sulfate preparation, care
should be taken when administering E-Z-CAT
to children, the elderly or the debilitated.
should be used cautiously in patients with pre-
existing heart disease.
4.5.
Interaction with
other medicinal products
and other forms of
interaction
Drug Interactions
:
The presence of barium sulphate
formulation in the GI tract may alter
the absorption of therapeutic agents
taken concomitantly. In order to
minimize any potential change in
absorption, the separate administration
of barium sulphate from that of other
agents should be considered
No interaction studies have been performed.
Barium sulfate is biologically inert and there are no
known interactions with other medicinal products.
However, The presence of barium sulphate formulation
in the GI tract may alter the absorption of therapeutic
agents taken concomitantly. In order to minimize any
potential change in absorption, the separate
administration of barium sulphate from that of other
agents should be considered
Other examinations of the same area of the
gastrointestinal tract with another contrast
agent may be complicated by the presence of
barium sulfate (residue) in the gastrointestinal
tract up to several days following the
examination with barium contrast media.
4.6.
Pregnancy and
lactation
Use in Pregnancy
Radiation is known to cause harm to
unborn
fetus
exposed
utero.
Therefore,
radiographic
procedures
should only be used when, in the
judgement of the physician, its use is
deemed essential to the welfare of the
pregnant patient
Nursing Mothers
:
Barium sulphate products may be used
during lactation
Following oral or rectal administration, barium
sulfate is absorbed systemically in negligible
amounts. Though barium sulfate is
pharmacologically inert, no studies of its
mutagenic or teratogenic potential are
available.
Although this product is not contraindicated in
pregnancy, we would like to point out that
radiographic procedures may damage the
foetus, particularly during the first trimester of
pregnancy. Any examination should only be
carried out after careful consideration of the
benefit/risk of the procedure.
Since the absorption of barium sulfate is
negligible, its use is not contraindicated during
breastfeeding.
4.7.
Effects on ability to
drive and use
machines
-
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
E-Z-CAT has negligible influence on the
ability to drive and use machines.
4.8.
Undesirable effects
Reactions
:
Adverse reactions, such as nausea,
vomiting,
diarrhea
abdominal
cramping accompanying the use of
barium
sulfate
formulations
infrequent and usually mild
Sever reactions (approximately 1 in
1,000,000)
fatalities
(approximately 1 in 10,000,000) have
occurred. Procedural complications are
rare,
include
aspiration
pneumonitis, barium sulfate impaction,
granuloma, formation, intravasation,
embolization
peritonotos
4.8
Undesirable effects
Undesirable effects may occur during or after
a procedure with barium sulfate.
Skin and subcutaneous disorders together with
immune system disorders, reflecting allergic
reactions either to barium sulfate or the
product excipients, are among the most
commonly reported effects; for example
urticaria, erythema and rash.
Gastrointestinal disorders are also one of the
following
intestinal
perforation,
vasovagal and syncopal episodes, and
fatalities. It is of the utmost importance
to be completely prepared to treat any
such occurrence
Allergic Reactions
:
Due to the increased likelihood of
allergic reactions in atopic patients, it
is important that a complete history of
known and suspected allergies as well
allergic-like
symptoms,
e.g.,rhinitis,bronchial
asthma,eczema
and urticaria, must be obtained prior to
any medical procedure utilizing these
products. A mild allergic reaction
would most likely include generalized
pruritus,erythema
urticaria
(approximately 1 in 250,000). Such
reactions will generally respond to an
antihistamine
such
50mg
diphenhydramine or its equivalent. In
rarer
more
serious
reactions
(approximately
1,000,000)
laryngeal edema, bronchonspasm or
hypotension could develop. Severe
reactions
which
require
emergency
measures
often
characterized
peripheral
vasodilation,
hypotension,
reflex
tachycardia,dyspnea,
agitation,
confusion and cyanosis progressing to
unconsciousness. Treatment should be
initiated immediately with 0,3 to 0,5
1:1000
epinephrine
subcuteneously.
bronchospasm
predominates,
0,25
intravenous aminophylline should be
given
slowly.
Appropriate
vasopressors
might
required.
Adrenocorticosteroids, even if given
intravenously,
exert
significant
effect on the acute allergic reactions
for a few hours. The administration of
these agents should not be regarded as
emergency measures for the treatment
of allergic reactions
Apprehensive patients may develop
weakness, pallor, tinnitus, diaphoresis
bradycardia
following
administration of any diagnostic agent.
Such reactions are usually non-allergic
in nature and are best treated by having
the patient lie flat for an additional 10
to 30 minutes under observation
most frequently reported class of undesirable
effects; for example diarrhoea, nausea,
abdominal pain/distention, constipation.
Within the table below, clinically significant
adverse reactions are listed if they have been
reported during post approval use of all
barium sulfate formulations. Their frequency
is not known, therefore relative reporting rate
(for example, less commonly) compared to
overall reporting for barium sulfate is used.
More rarely and depending on the route of
administration, i.e. oral or rectal, the following
procedural complications have been reported:
Infections (e.g. peritonitis) subsequent to
existing or new gastrointestinal perforation.
Complications include adhesions and
granuloma.
Subsequent to existing or procedural
gastrointestinal trauma, intravasation of
barium sulfate with rare subsequent venous
emboli formation, including the hepatic portal
vein, vena cava and pulmonary embolism that
may be fatal in approx 50% of cases.
Following oral administration, aspiration, with
pulmonary complications, may occur and may
be fatal in rare cases.
Please see section 4.4 for measures to be taken
to avoid these adverse reactions, and actions to
take if such adverse reactions occur.
Very rare cases of death associated with
barium sulfate administration have been
reported in the literature. The majority of the
deaths relate to procedural complications
usually caused by failure to follow generally
accepted radiological practice. Some cases
had a history indicating that barium sulfate
administration was highly unlikely to be a
primary or even secondary causative factor in
patient fatality
4.9.
Overdose
Overdosage
:
On rare occasions following repeated
administration,
severe
stomach
cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or
constipation may occur. These are
transitory
nature
considered serious. Symptoms may be
treated according to currently accepted
standards of medical care
Barium sulfate is non-toxic and absorbed systemically in
negligible amounts
Repeated use within a very short period of time has led
to abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and
constipation. These symptoms are transitory in nature
and may be allowed to resolve without medical
intervention or may be treated according to currently
accepted standards of care.
6.6
Special
precautions for
disposal and
other handling
Dosage and administration
:
The volume and concentration of E-Z-
CAT to be administered will depend
on the degree and extent of contrast
required
area(s)
under
examination and the equipment and
technique employed
Mixing Instructions: Pour contents into
supplied mixing container. Add water
to slightly below top of the container.
Close the lid and shake the container
well. Yield: 900 mL of 1.2% w/w
barium sulphate suspension
Alternately, E-Z-Cat barium sulphate
suspension may be mixed to yield a
different density. Some suggestions are
as follows
Add E-Z-Cat contents into the mixing
Container and add water to the 700 mL
level
Yield:
700mL
1.5%
suspension
Add water to the 600mL level
Yield:
suspension
Add water to the 500 mL level
Yield: 500 mL of a 2.1% w/w
suspension
Suggested
minutes
barium
administration protocol
for Abdomen Studies
Administer 300 mL of E-Z-Cat. 30
minutes before scan and 150 mL
immediately prior to scan; or use as
directed by physician
Suggested
Minute
Barium
Administration Protocol for Abdomen/
Pelvis Studies: Administer 300 mL E-
Z-Cat, 30 minutes before scan and 150
mL immediately prior scan
Then administer a barium enema using
E-Z-EM's 400 mL CAT-PAK
enema system (Cat. No. P410); or use
by physician
Suggested
Minute
Barium
Administration Protocol for Abdomen/
Pelvis Studies: Administer 450 mL E-
Z-Cat, 90 minutes before scan, another
The volume and concentration of E-Z-CAT to be
administered will depend on the degree and extent of
contrast required in the area(s) under examination and
the equipment and technique employed
Shake well before use. E-Z-CAT is intended
for dilution prior to administration.
Mixing Instructions: Pour contents into supplied
mixing container. Add water to slightly below top of
the container. Close the lid and shake the container
well. Yield: 900 mL of 1.2% w/w barium sulphate
suspension
Alternately, E-Z-Cat barium sulphate suspension may
be mixed to yield a different density. Some suggestions
are as follows
Add E-Z-Cat contents into the mixing Container and
add water to the 700 mL level
Yield: 700mL of a 1.5% w/w suspension
Add water to the 600mL level
Yield: 600 mL of a 1.7 w/w suspension
Add water to the 500 mL level
Yield: 500 mL of a 2.1% w/w suspension
Suggested 30 minutes barium administration protocol
for Abdomen Studies
Administer 300 mL of E-Z-Cat. 30 minutes before scan
and 150 mL immediately prior to scan; or use as
directed by physician
Suggested 30 Minute Barium Administration Protocol
for Abdomen/Pelvis Studies: Administer 300 mL E-Z-
Cat, 30 minutes before scan and 150 mL immediately
prior scan
Then administer a barium enema using E-Z-EM's 400
mL CAT-PAK
CT enema system (Cat. No. P410); or
use by physician
Suggested 90 Minute Barium Administration Protocol
for Abdomen/Pelvis Studies: Administer 450 mL E-Z-
Cat, 90 minutes before scan, another 300 mL 30
minutes before scan, and 150 mL immediately prior
scan; or use as directed by physician
Other dosing regimen may be followed as applicable
Any unused, opened product or waste material
should be disposed of in accordance with
local requirements.
300 mL 30 minutes before scan, and
150 mL immediately prior scan; or use
as directed by physician
Other dosing regimen may be followed
as applicable