27-06-2019
05-10-2016
17-08-2016
Depalept – Patient safety
information card
The information in this patient safety information card is intended for women who have been prescribed
Depalept and can become pregnant )are of childbearing age(. Read this patient safety information card
along with the patient insert within the drug's package and if you have any questions, consult a doctor or a
pharmacist.
Keep the patient information safety card. You may have to read it again.
Risks to the fetus
When taken by a pregnant woman Depalept may harm the fetus.
If you are a woman of childbearing age, the doctor shall prescribe Depalept for you only if no other drug can
benefit you.
Before you receive a prescription for this drug, the doctor will explain to you what might happen to your baby if
you become pregnant while taking Depalept.
If at a later stage you decide that you would like to become pregnant, do not stop taking your drug until you
have discussed it with your doctor and have together decided on a plan to replace this drug with a different
one, if possible.
It seems that when taken during pregnancy Depalept poses a higher risk compared to other anti-epileptic
drugs, whether as monotherapy or with another anti-epileptic. The higher the dosage, the higher the risks, but
there is a risk with any dosage.
The drug may cause severe congenital malformations and can interfere with the child's developmental process
when he grows up.
Congenital malformations include spina bifida )when the bones in the spine do not develop correctly(; face and
skull abnormalities, heart, kidneys, urinary tract and genitalia abnormalities; limbs malformations.
If you take Depalept during pregnancy, you will be at a higher risk compared to other women for giving birth
to a child with congenital malformations which require medical attention. Since Depalept has been used
for many years, it is known that 11 out of 100 babies of women taking Depalept will suffer from congenital
malformations, compared to 2-3 babies out of each 100 born among the rest of the population.
It is estimated that 30-40% of preschool-age children whose mothers took Depalept during pregnancy may
suffer from developmental problems at the tender age. These children may suffer from a delay in starting to
walk and talk, from lower intelligence and from difficulties in language and memory.
Autistic Spectrum Disorders and Childhood Autism are more often diagnosed in children exposed to Depalept,
and there is some evidence that the children might be at an increased risk to develop symptoms of Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder )ADHD(.
Before and during treatment with Depalept
You should ensure that you are using an effective contraceptive.
Tell the doctor immediately if you are pregnant or think that you might be pregnant.
Your doctor will explain to you the risks to the fetus, in case you become pregnant.
If you considering trying to become pregnant, do not stop taking Depalept or stop using a contraceptive until
you have consulted with the doctor that prescribed the drugs for you. You should consult with your doctor as
much in advance as possible before you become pregnant, so that you will be able to take several measures
for your pregnancy to go as smoothly as possible and the risks to you and your fetus are reduced as much as
possible.
The doctor may have to adjust Depalept's dosage or to substitute the therapy with another drug before you
begin trying to become pregnant. If you become pregnant, you will be monitored very closely for treatment of
your epilepsy/bipolar disorder as well as for following the development of your fetus.
Ask your doctor regarding taking folic acid while trying to become pregnant. Folic acid may reduce the risk for
early termination which exists in any pregnancy and the risk for spina bifida.
However, it is unlikely that it will reduce the risk of congenital malformations associated with Depalept use.
Информационный листок по безопасности для пациентки- Депалепт
Информация, содержащаяся в данном листке по безопасности, предназначена для женщин
детородного возраста, получивших рецепт на Депалепт. Прочтите данный листок по безопасности
вместе с инструкцией по применению, которая прилагается к лекарству. Если у Вас имеются какие-либо
вопросы, проконсультируйтесь с врачом или фармацевтом.
Храните данный листок по безопасности. Возможно, Вам понадобится прочитать его снова.
Риски для плода
При приеме во время беременности Депалепт может нанести вред плоду.
Если Вы – женщина детородного возраста, врач может прописать Вам Депалепт только при отсутствии
другого подходящего для Вас препарата.
Прежде чем Вы получите рецепт на данный препарат, Ваш врач объяснит вам, что может произойти с
Вашим младенцем, если Вы забеременеете во время приёма Депалепта.
Если Вы решите забеременеть после начала приёма Депалепта, не переставайте принимать его,
предварительно не обсудив этого со своим лечащим врачом и не спланировав переход на прием
другого препарата, если такая возможность существует.
По-видимому, прием Депалепта во время беременности сопряжен с более высоким риском по
сравнению с другими лекарствами от эпилепсии, как в случае приема в качестве монотерапии, так и
в качестве дополнения к другому лекарству от эпилепсии. Риск присутствует при любой дозировке и
увеличивается при повышении дозировки.
Препарат может вызвать тяжелые врожденные дефекты и повредить развитию ребенка в процессе его
роста.
Врожденные дефекты включают расщепление позвоночника spina bifida )абнормальное развитие
костей позвоночника(; деформации лица и черепа; порок сердца, почек, пороки развития мочевых
путей и половых органов; дефекты конечностей.
Если Вы будете принимать Депалепт во время беременности, у Вас повышается риск )по сравнению
с другими женщинами( рождения ребенка с врожденными дефектами, требующими лечения. Так как
Депалепт находится в употреблении в течение многих лет, известно, что у женщин, принимающих
Депалепт, 11 из 100 младенцев страдают врожденными дефектами, по сравнению с 2-3 из 100
младенцев, у остальной части населения.
Считается, что от 30% до 40% детей дошкольного возраста, чьи матери принимали Депалепт во время
беременности, могут страдать от проблем развития в раннем возрасте. Эти дети могут страдать от
задержки начала ходьбы и развития речи, умственной отсталости и затруднениями в развитии языка и
памяти.
Детский аутизм и нарушения в рамках аутистического спектра диагностируются чаще у детей, которые
подверглись воздействию Депалепта. Существуют некоторые свидетельства того, что эти дети
находятся в группе повышенного риска развития симптомов дефицита внимания и гиперреактивности
)ADHD(.
До и во время лечения Депалептом
Убедитесь, что Вы используете эффективный контрацептив
Немедленно сообщите врачу, если Вы беременны или думаете, что можете быть беременны.
В случае беременности, Ваш врач объяснит Вам риски для плода.
Если Вы собираетесь забеременеть, не прекращайте приём Депалепта и не прекращайте
использование контрацептивов, не обратившись, предварительно, к врачу, который выписал Вам
это лекарство. Kак можно более заблаговременно проконсультируйтесь с врачом прежде чем
забеременеть, дабы принять ряд мер для того, чтобы Ваша беременность прошла как можно
спокойнее, и понизить риски для Вас и Вашего плода.
Возможно, прежде чем Вы попытаетесь зачать ребенка, врачу потребуется изменить дозу Депалепта
или перевести Вас на лечение другим препаратом. Если Вы забеременеете, Вы будете находиться под
очень тщательным наблюдением, как в целях лечения эпилепсии/биполярного расстройства, так и для
контроля за развитием Вашего плода.
Проконсультируйтесь с Вашим врачом о приеме фолиевой кислоты во время попыток зачатия.
Фолиевая кислота может понизить риск раннего выкидыша )присутствующий при каждой беременности(
и риск расщепления позвоночника )spina bifida(.
Вместе с тем, маловероятно, что приём фолиевой кислоты позволит понизить риск врожденных
дефектов, связанных с использованием Депалепта.
"ודי לע רשואו קדבנ ונכותו תואירבה דרשמ י"ע עבקנ הז ןולע טמרופ"
PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
1.
NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Depalept 200 enteric coated tablets
Depalept 500 enteric coated tablets
Depalept Syrup
Depalept oral Solution
2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Depalept 200 enteric coated tablets:
Sodium valproate
200 mg/tab
Depalept 500 enteric coated tablets:
Sodium valproate
500 mg/tab
Depalept Syrup:
Each teaspoon (5 ml) contains:
Sodium Valproate
200 mg/5 ml
Depalept oral Solution:
Each ml contains:
Sodium Valproate
200 mg/1ml
3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Depalept 200 enteric coated tablets
Depalept 500 enteric coated tablets
Depalept Syrup
Depalept oral Solution
4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Depalept is indicated for the treatment of generalized or partial epilepsy secondary generalized epilepsy
and mixed forms of epilepsy.
4.2 Posology and method of administration:
In female children, female adolescents, women of childbearing potential and pregnant women
Depalept should be initiated and supervised by a specialist experienced in the management of epilepsy.
Treatment should only be initiated if other treatments are ineffective or not tolerated (see Section 4.4 and
Section 4.6) and the benefit and risk should be carefully reconsidered at regular treatment reviews. Preferably
Depalept should be prescribed as monotherapy and at the lowest effective dose, if possible as a prolonged
release formulation. The daily dose should be divided into at least two single doses.
In view of the dosage strength this medicinal product is for use in adults and children weighing over than 17 kg
only.
Depalept 500 mg and Depalept 200 mg gastro-resistant tablets are not suitable for children under the
age of 6 years (risk of choking).
Dosage
The mean dosage is 20 -30 mg/kg per day. However, if seizures are not brought under control at this dosage
it may be increased and patients must be closely monitored.
− In children, the usual dosage is about 30 mg/kg per day in divided doses.
− In adults and adolscents, the usual dosage is 20 to 30 mg/kg per day in divided dose.
− In elderly patients, the dosage should be determined based on the control of seizures.
The daily dosage should determined based on age and body weight, however, the significant variations in inter-
individual sensitivity to valproate must be taken into account.
No clear correlation between the daily dose, serum levels and the therapeutic effect has been established: the
dosage should be determined on the basis of the clinical response.
Determination of valproic acid plasma levels should be considered along with clinical monitoring when control of
seizures is not achieved or when adverse effects are suspected. The effective therapeutic range is usually
between 40 and 100 mg/L (300 to 700 μmol/L).
Method of administration.
Oral use.
Administer only the oral solution with the syringe for oral administration supplied in the box and the syrup with
the measuring cup supplied in the box..
The daily dose is to be administrered as 2 or 3 divided doses, preferably during meals:
as 2 divided doses in patients under 1 year of age,
as 3 divided doses in patients over 1 year of age.
The solution is to be ingested after diluting in a small quantity of non-fizzy drink.
Initiation of Depalept therapy (oral administration):
If the patient is already being treated and is taking other antiepileptics, begin administering sodium
valproate gradually, to reach the optimal dose in approximately two weeks, then reduce the
concomitant treatments if necessary on the basis of treatment efficacy.
If the patient is not taking any other antiepileptics, the dosage should preferably be increased step-
wise every 2 or 3 days, in order to reach the optimal dose in approximately one week.
If necessary, combination treatment with other antiepileptics should be instituted gradually (see 4.5
Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction).
Liver function tests should be performed before starting treatment (see Section 4.3) and then
periodically for the first 6 months, particularly in patients at risk (see Section 4.4).
Blood tests (complete blood count including platelets, bleeding time and coagulation parameters) are
recommended prior to treatment, then after 15 days and at the end of treatment, and also before any
surgery, and in the event of hematomas or spontaneous bleeding (see Section 4.8).
In patients with renal insufficiency, elevated circulating valproic acid concentrations in the blood
should be taken into account and the dosage should be reduced accordingly.
4.3 Contraindications
History of hypersensitivity to valproate , divalproate, valpromide or to one of the ingredients of the
medicinal product.
Acute hepatitis.
Chronic hepatitis.
Hepatic porphyria
Personal or familial history of severe hepatitis, in particular drug related.
Combination use with mefloquine and St.-John`s-wort
(see Section 4.5).
Patients known to have mitochondrial disorders caused by mutations in the nuclear gene encoding
mitochondrial enzyme polymerase γ (POLG, e.g. Alpers-Huttenlocher Syndrome) and in children
under two years of age who are suspected of having a POLG-related disorder (see Section 4.4)
Patients with known urea cycle disorders (see Section 4.4)
4.4 Special warnings and special precautions for use
Special Warnings
Patient Card:
This product is marketed with patient safety information card (patient card). Please explain to the
patient the implications of this treatment.
Female children/Female adolescents/Woman of childbearing potential/Pregnancy
Depalept should not be used in female children, in female adolescents, in women of child-bearing
potential and in pregnant women unless alternative treatments are ineffective or not
tolerated,because of its high teratogenic potential and risk of neuro-developmental disorders in
infants exposed in- utero to valproate.
The benefit and risk should be carefully reconsidered at regular treatment reviews at puberty and
urgently when a woman of child bearing potential treated with Depalept plans a pregnancy, or if she
becomes pregnant.
Women of child-bearing potential must use effective contraception during treatment and be
completely informed of the risks associated with the use of Depalept during pregnancy (see section
4.6).
The prescriber must ensure that the patient is provided with comprehensive information on the risks
alongside relevant materials, such as a patient information leaflet, to support her understanding of the
risks.
In particular the prescriber must ensure the patient understands:
The nature and the magnitude of the risks of exposure during pregnancy, in particular the
teratogenic risks and the risks of neuro-developmental disorders.
The need to use effective contraception.
The need for regular review of treatment.
The need to rapidly consult her physician if she is thinking of becoming pregnant or there is a
possibility of pregnancy.
In women planning to become pregnant all efforts should be made to switch to appropriate alternative
treatment prior to conception, if possible (see Section 4.6).
Valproate therapy should only be continued after a reassessment of the benefits and risks of the
treatment with valproate for the patient by a physician experienced in the management of epilepsy or
bipolar disorder.
The introduction of an antiepileptic may, in rare cases, be followed by an increase in seizures or the onset of a
new type of seizure in the patient, independently of the spontaneous fluctuations observed in some types of
epilepsy. In the case of valproate, this mainly involves a change in concomitant antiepileptic treatment or a
pharmacokinetic interaction (see Section 4.5), toxicity (liver disease or encephalopathy) (see Sections 4.4 and
4.8) or overdose.
Since this medicinal product is transformed into valproic acid in the body, it should not be combined with other
medicinal products undergoing the same transformation to avoid an overdose of valproic acid (e.g. divalproate,
valpromide).
Liver diseases:
Conditions of onset:
Exceptional cases of liver damage with a severe or sometimes fatal outcome have been reported.
Infants and young children under the age of 3, especially in cases of multiple anticonvulsant therapy, presenting
with severe epilepsy and, in particular, epilepsy associated with brain damage, mental retardation and/or a
genetic metabolic or degenerative disease are the most at risk. Over the age of 3, the incidence of onset is
significantly reduced and gradually decreases with age.
In the great majority of cases, such liver damage has been observed within the first 6 months of treatment,
usually between the 2nd and 12th week and generally during multiple-agent antiepileptic treatment.
Warning signs:
Early diagnosis is primarily based on the clinical picture. In particular, two types of signs that can precede
jaundice should be taken into account, particularly in patients at risk (see Conditions of onset):
firstly, non-specific systemic signs, generally of sudden onset, such as asthenia, anorexia, lethargy,
drowsiness, sometimes accompanied by repeated vomiting and abdominal pain.
secondly, a recurrence of epileptic seizures despite proper treatment compliance.
It is recommended that patients, or their families in the case of children, be informed that they should immediately
consult a doctor if this type of clinical picture occurs. In addition to a physical examination, liver function tests
should immediately be performed.
Confirmation of abnormally low PT values, especially if there are also other abnormal laboratory findings
(significant reduction in fibrinogen and coagulation factors, elevated bilirubin, elevated transaminase levels -
see section 4.4), requires discontinuation of treatment (and, as a precaution, salicylate derivatives if they are
concomitantly prescribed, since they use the same metabolic pathway).
Bleeding and other hematopoietic disorders
Valproate is associated with dose-related thrombocytopenia. Valproate use has also been associated with
decreases in other cell lines and myelodysplasia. Because of reports of cytopenias, inhibition of the secondary
phase of platelet aggregation, and abnormal coagulation parameters, (e.g., low fibrinogen, coagulation factor
deficiencies, acquired von Willebrand’s disease), measurements of complete blood counts, count including
platelets, bleeding time and coagulation tests are recommended before initiating therapy and at periodic intervals
and also before any surgery, and in the event of hematomas or spontaneous bleeding
(see Section 4.8).
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)/Multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), also known as Multiorgan
Hypersensitivity, has been reported in patients taking valproate. DRESS may be fatal or life-threatening.
DRESS typically, although not exclusively, presents with fever, rash, and/or lymphadenopathy, in association with
other organ system involvement, such as hepatitis, nephritis, hematological abnormalities, myocarditis, or
myositis sometimes resembling an acute viral infection. Eosinophilia is often present.
Because this disorder is variable in its expression, other organ systems not noted here may be involved. It is
important to note that early manifestations of hypersensitivity, such as fever or lymphadenopathy, may be present
even though rash is not evident. If such signs or symptoms are present, the patient should be evaluated
immediately. Valproate should be discontinued and not be resumed if an alternative etiology for the signs or
symptoms cannot be established.
Pancreatitis:
Pancreatitis with a sometimes fatal outcome has been reported in exceptional cases. This can be observed
irrespective of age and treatment duration, with young children appearing to be particularly at risk.
Pancreatitis with an unfavorable outcome is generally observed in young children or in patients with severe
epilepsy, brain damage or those taking multiple-agent antiepileptic treatments.
If pancreatitis is associated with hepatic insufficiency, the risk of a fatal outcome is increased.
In the event of acute abdominal pain or gastrointestinal signs such as nausea, vomiting and/or anorexia, a
diagnosis of pancreatitis must be considered and, in patients with elevated pancreatic enzymes, treatment
should be discontinued, and the necessary alternative therapeutic measures implemented.
Risk of suicide:
Suicidal ideation and behavior have been reported in patients treated with antiepileptic agents in several
indications. A meta-analysis of randomized, placebo controlled trials of anti-epileptic drugs has also shown a
small increased risk of suicidal ideation and behavior. The causes of this risk are unknown and the available data
do not make it possible to rule out an increased risk with valproate.
Consequently, patients should be monitored for signs of suicidal ideation and behavior, and appropriate
treatment should be considered. Patients (and their care providers) should be advised to seek medical advice
immediately should signs of suicidal ideation or behavior emerge.
Interaction with other medicinal products:
Depalept 200 and Depalpet 500 contain, respectively, 28 mg and 70 mg of sodium per tablet.
Depalept Syrup contains 29 mg of sodium per 5 ml and Depalept oral solution contains 28 mg of sodium per 1 ml.
This must be taken into account in patients following a strict low-sodium diet.
Co-administration of this medicinal product with lamotrigine or with penems is not recommended (see
Section 4.5).
Patients with known or suspected mitochondrial disease
Valproate may trigger or worsen clinical signs of underlying mitochondrial diseases caused by mutations of
mitochondrial DNA as well as the nuclear- encoded POLG gene. In particular, acute liver failure and liver-related
deaths have been associated with valproate treatment at a higher rate in patients with hereditary neurometabolic
syndromes caused by mutations in the gene for mitochondrial enzyme polymerase γ (POLG; e.g. Alpers-
Huttenlocher Syndrome). POLG-related disorders should be suspected in patients with a family history or
suggestive symptoms of a POLG-related disorder, including but not limited to un-explained encephalopathy,
refractory epilepsy (focal, myoclonic), status epilepticus at presentation, developmental delays, psychomotor
regression, axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, myopathy cerebellar ataxia, opthalmoplegia, or complicated
migraine with occipital aura. POLG mutation testing should be performed in accordance with current clinical
practice for the diagnostic evaluation of such disorders (see Section 4.3).
Precautions for use
It should be emphasized that, as with most anti-epileptics, an isolated and transient, moderate elevation in
transaminase levels may be observed, without any clinical signs, particularly at the start of treatment.
Should this occur, it is recommended that a more complete laboratory workup be performed (in particular,
prothrombin time), that the dosage be re-evaluated if necessary, and that the tests be repeated based on
changes in the parameters.
In children under the age of 3, it is recommended that sodium valproate only be used as single-agent treatment,
after having weighed the therapeutic value against the risk of liver disease and pancreatitis in patients in this age
group (see Section 4.4).
In children, avoid the simultaneous prescription of salicylate derivatives, due to the risk of hepatotoxicity (see
section 4.4) and the risk of bleeding.
This medicinal product is not recommended in patients with urea cycle enzyme deficiencies. A few cases of
hyperammonemia associated with stupor or coma have been described in these patients.
In children with a history of unexplained hepatic and gastrointestinal disturbances (anorexia, vomiting, cytolytic
episodes), episodes of lethargy or coma, mental retardation or with a family history of neonatal or infant death,
metabolic tests and, in particular, fasting and post-prandial ammonemia tests must be performed prior to any
valproate treatment.
Although it is recognized that this medicinal product only causes immunological disturbances in exceptional
cases, the benefit/risk ratio should be carefully weighed for use in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
In the event of acute abdominal pain or gastrointestinal signs such as nausea, vomiting and/or
anorexia, a diagnosis of pancreatitis must be considered and, in patients with elevated pancreatic
enzymes, treatment should be discontinued, and the necessary alternative therapeutic measures
implemented
When initiating treatment, the patient should be informed of the risk of weight gain and of the appropriate
measures which are mainly dietary to be taken to minimize this effect.
As valproate is excreted primarily in the urine, partly in the forms of ketone bodies, ketone body excretion test for
ketonuria may yield false positive results in patients with diabetes.
Patients with an underlying carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) type II deficiency should be warned of the
greater risk of rhabdomyolysis when taking sodium valproate.
Alcohol intake is not recommended during treatment with sodium valproate.
4.5 Interactions with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
The concomitant use of proconvulsant medicines or those that lower the epileptogenic threshold should be taken
into account or may even be advised against or contraindicated depending on the severity of the risk
encountered. These medicines notably include most antidepressants (imipramine antidepressants, selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and Benzodiazepines, neuroleptics (phenothiazine and butyrophenones),
mefloquine (see below), Bupropion, tramadol.
Contraindicated combination (see Section 4.3 contraindications):
Mefloquine
In epileptic patients, risk of onset of epileptic seizures due to the increased metabolism of valproic acid and the
seizure-inducing effect of mefloquine.
St.-John`s-Wort
Risk of reduced plasma concentrations and reduced efficacy of the anticonvulsant.
Inadvisable combination (see 4.4 Special warnings):
Salicylic derivatives
In children, avoid prescription of salicylic derivatives at the same time due to the risks of hepatotoxicity (see
Special warnings) and the risk of bleeding.
As a precautionary measure if concomitantly prescribed, salicylate compounds should also be discontinued, since
they use the same metabolic pathway.
Lamotrigine
Higher risk of increased lamotrigine toxicity, particularly serious skin reactions (toxic epidermal necrolysis)
Furthermore, an increase in lamotrigine plasma concentrations may occur (decreased hepatic metabolism by
valproate sodium), and increase the lamotrigine mean half life by nearly two-fold.
If coadministration proves necessary, close clinical monitoring is required.
Penems
Risk of seizures due to a rapid decrease in valproic acid plasma concentrations, which may become
undetectable.
Decrease in blood levels of valproic acid have been reported when it is co-administered with carbapenem agents
resulting in a 60-100% decrease in valproic acid levels within two days, sometimes associated with convulsions.
Due to the rapid onset and the extent of the decrease, co-administration of carbapenem agents in patients
stabilized on valproic acid should be avoided. If treatment with these antibiotics cannot be avoided, close
monitoring of valproic acid blood level should be performed.
Combination requiring special precautions for use:
Aztreonam
Risk of seizures due to reduced valproic acid plasma concentrations. Clinical monitoring, plasma assays and
possibly dose adjustment of the anticonvulsant during treatment with the anti-infective agent and after its
discontinuation.
Carbamazepine
Increased plasma concentrations of the active metabolite of carbamazepine with signs of overdose. In addition,
reduced valproic acid plasma concentrations due to increased hepatic metabolism by carbamazepine. Clinical
monitoring, plasma assays and dose adjustment of both anticonvulsants.
Felbamate
Increased valproic acid serum concentrations due to a 22% to 50% decrease in valproic acid clearance, with
a risk of overdose.
Clinical and laboratory monitoring and possible valproate dose adjustment during treatment with
felbamate and after its discontinuation. In addition, valproic acid can reduce mean felbamate clearance by up to
16%.
Phenobarbital (and by extrapolation, primidone)
Increased plasma concentrations of phenobarbital with signs of overdose, due to inhibition of hepatic metabolism,
occurring most often in children. In addition, reduced valproic acid plasma concentrations due to an increase in its
hepatic metabolism by phenobarbital.
Clinical monitoring for the first 15 days of combined administration and immediate reduction of phenobarbital
doses if any signs of sedation occur; in particular, plasma concentrations of the two anticonvulsants should be
monitored.
Valproic acid metabolites levels may be increased in case of concomitant use with phenytoin or phenobarbital.
Therefore patients treated with those two drugs should be carefully monitored for signs and symptoms of
hyperammonemia.
Phenytoin (and by extrapolation fosphenytoin)
Variations in phenytoin plasma concentrations. In addition, risk of reduced valproic acid plasma concentrations
due to increase of its hepatic metabolism by phenytoin.
Clinical monitoring, plasma assays and possible dose adjustment of both anticonvulsants.
Rifampicin
Risk of seizures due to increase hepatic metabolism of valproate by rifampicin.
Clinical monitoring and monitoring of laboratory parameters and possible dose adjustment of the anticonvulsant
during treatment with rifampicin and after its discontinuation.
Topiramate and acetazolamide
Risk of the onset of hyperammonemia or encephalopathy, generally attributed to valproate when administered
concomitantly with topiramate.
Increased clinical and laboratory monitoring at the beginning of treatment and in the event of symptoms
suggesting this effect.
Zidovudine
Risk of increased adverse effects of Zidovudine, particularly hematological effects, due to decreased metabolism
by valproic acid.
Regular clinical and laboratory monitoring. A blood count should be performed to test for anemia during the first
two months of the combination.
Olanzapine
Valproic acid may decrease the olanzapine plasma concentration.
Rufinamide
Valproic acid may lead to an increase in plasma level of rufinamide. This increase is dependent on concentration
of valproic acid. Caution should be exercised, in particular in children, as this effect is larger in this population.
Cimetidine, Erythromycin
Valproate serum levels may be increased in case of concomitant use, as a result of reduced hepatic metabolism.
Vitamin K dependent factor anticoagulant
Close monitoring of prothrombin rate should be performed in case of concomitant use of vitamin K dependent
factor anticoagulant.
Aspirin
In case of concomitant use of valproate and highly protein bound agents, valporic acid free serum levels may be
increased.
Combination to be taken into account:
Nimodipine (oral route and by extrapolation, injectable route)
Risk of enhanced hypotensive effect of nimodipine due to an increase in its plasma concentrations (decreased
metabolism by valproic acid).
Other forms of interaction:
Quetiapine
Co-administration of valproate and quetiapine may increase the risk of neutropenia/leucopenia.
Oral contraceptives
As valproate has no enzyme-inducing activity, it does not reduce the efficacy of estrogen-progestogen in women
using hormonal contraception.
Lithium:
Depalept has no effect on serum lithium levels.
Protease inhibitors
Protease inhibitors such as lopinavir, ritonavir decrease valproate plasma level when co-administered.
Cholestyramine
Cholestyramine may lead to a decrease in plasma level of valproate when co-administered.
4.6 Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
Depalept should not be used in female children, in female adolescents, in women of childbearing potential and in
pregnant women unless other treatments are ineffective or not tolerated. Women of childbearing potential have to
use effective contraception during treatment.
In women planning to become pregnant all efforts should be made to switch to appropriate alternative treatment
prior to conception, if possible.
Pregnancy Exposure Risk related to valproate
Both valproate monotherapy and valproate polytherapy are associated with abnormal pregnancy outcomes.
Available data suggest that antiepileptic polytherapy including valproate is associated with a greater risk of
congenital malformations than valproate monotherapy.
Congenital malformations
Data derived from a meta-analysis (including registries and cohort studies) has shown that 10.73% of children of
epileptic women exposed to valproate monotherapy during pregnancy suffer from congenital malformations (95%
CI: 8.16 -13.29). This is a greater risk of major malformations than for the general population, for whom the risk is
about 2-3%. The risk is dose dependent but a threshold dose below which no risk exists cannot be established.
Available data show an increased incidence of minor and major malformations. The most common types of
malformations include neural tube closure defects (approximately 2 to 3%), facial dysmorphism, cleft lip and
palate, craniostenosis, cardiac, renal and urogenital defects (in particular, hypospadias), limb defects (including
bilateral aplasia of the radius), and multiple anomalies involving various body systems.
Neuro- disorders
Studies have shown that exposure to valproate in utero increases the risk of neuro-developmental disorders of
the exposed children. The risk seems to be dose-dependent but a threshold dose below which no risk exists,
cannot be established based on available data. The period of risk could involve the entire pregnancy.
Studies in preschool children exposed in utero to valproate show that up to 30-40% experience delays in their
early development such as talking and walking later, lower intellectual abilities, poor language skills (speaking
and understanding) and memory problems.
Intelligence quotient (IQ) measured in school aged children (age 6) with a history of valproate exposure in utero
was on average 7-10 points lower than those children exposed to other antiepileptics. Although the role of
confounding factors cannot be excluded, there is evidence in children exposed to valproate that the risk of
intellectual impairment may be independent from maternal IQ.
There are limited data on the long term outcomes.
Available data show that children exposed to valproate in utero are at increased risk of pervasive developmental
disorders (autism spectrum disorders) (approximately three-fold) and childhood autism (approximately five-fold)
compared with the general study population.
Limited data to date suggests that children exposed to valproate in utero may be more likely to develop symptoms
of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Female children, female adolescents and women of childbearing potential (see above and Section 4.4)
Depalept should not be used in female children, in female adolescents, in women of childbearing potential and
pregnant women unless alternative treatments are ineffective or not tolerated. Women of childbearing potential
must use effective contraception during treatment.
If a woman wants to plan a pregnancy or if she is pregnant:
a pre-conception consultation is recommended
valproate therapy should be reassessed,
all efforts should be made to switch to appropriate alternative treatment prior to conception, if possible.
-Valproate therapy should not be discontinued without reassessment of the benefits and risks of the treatment
with valproate for the patient by a physician experienced in the management of epilepsy. During pregnancy,
maternal tonic-clonic seizures and status epilepticus with hypoxia may have serious consequences and even be
fatal for the mother and the unborn child.
If based on a careful evaluation of the risks and benefits, valporate treatment is continued during the pregnancy
(no alternative), it is recommended to:
Use the lowest effective dose and divide the daily dose valproate into several small doses to be taken
throughout the day. The use of a prolonged-release formulation may be preferable to other treatment
formulations in order to avoid high peak plasma concentrations.
Provide folate supplementation before the pregnancy, which may decrease the risk of neural tube closure
defects common to all pregnancies. However the available evidence does not suggest it prevents the
malformations due to valproate exposure.
Institute specialized prenatal monitoring in order to detect the possible occurrence of neural tube defects
or other malformations.
Before delivery:
Coagulation tests should be performed, including in particular a platelet count, fibrinogen levels and coagulation
time (activated partial thromboplastin time: aPTT) in the mother before delivery.
- Risk in the neonate
Exceptional cases of hemorrhagic syndrome have been reported in neonates whose mothers have taken
sodium
valproate
during
pregnancy.
This
hemorrhagic
syndrome
related
thrombocytopenia,
hypofibrinogenemia and/or to decrease in other coagulation factors; afibrinogenemia has also been reported
and may be fatal. However, this syndrome must be distinguished from the decrease of the vitamin-K factors
induced by phenobarbital and enzymatic inducers. Normal hemostasis test results in the mother do not make it
possible to rule out hemostasis abnormalities in the neonate.
Therefore, platelet count, fibrinogen plasma level, coagulation tests and coagulation factors should be
investigated in neonates.
Cases of hypoglycaemia have been reported in neonates whose mothers have taken valproate during
the third trimester of the pregnancy.
Cases of hypothyroidism have been reported in neonates whose mothers have taken valproate during
pregnancy.
Withdrawal
syndrome
(such
particular,
agitation,
irritability,
heper-excitability,
jitterness,
hyperkinesia, tonicity disorders, tremor, convulsions and feeding disorders) may occur in neonates
whose mothers have taken valproate during the last trimester of pregnancy.
Breast-feeding:
Valproate is excreted in human milk with a concentration ranging from 1% to 10% of maternal serum levels.
Hematological disorders have been shown in breast-fed newborns/infants of treated women (see Section 4.8).
A decision must be made whether to discontinue breast-feeding or to discontinue/abstain from Depalept
therapy taking into account the benefit of breast-feeding for the child and the benefit of therapy for the woman
Fertility
Amenorrhoea, polycystic ovaries and increased testosterone levels have been reported in women using
valproate (see Section 4.8). Valproate administration may also impair fertility in men (in particular, decreased
sperm motility) (see Section 4.8). Case reports indicate that fertility dysfunctions are reversible after treatment
discontinuation.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
The attention of patients, particularly those who drive or use machines, must be drawn to the risk of drowsiness,
especially in the event of multiple-agent anticonvulsant therapy or concomitant administration with other medicinal
products that may increase drowsiness
4.8 Undesirable effects
Classification of expected incidence rates:
Very common (≥ 10 %) Common (≥1 and <10%); Uncommon (≥ 0.1 and <1%)
Rare (≥ 0.01 and <0.1%); Very rare (<0.01%), Unknown (cannot be estimated from available data).
Congenital, familial and genetic disorders
Congenital malformations and neuro-developmental disorders (see Sections 4.4 and 4.6).
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Common: anemia, thrombocytopenia
Cases of dose-dependent thrombocytopenia have been reported, generally discovered systematically
and without any clinical repercussions.
In patients with asymptomatic thrombocytopenia, if possible, given the platelet level and control of the
disease,
simply
reducing
dosage
this
medicinal
product
usually
leads
resolution
thrombocytopenia.
Uncommon: pancytopenia, leucopenia
Rare:
bone
marrow
aplasia
pure
cell
aplasia,
Agranulocytosis,
macrocytic
anaemia,
macrocytosis.
Investigations
Common: weight gain*
Rare coagulation factors decreased (at least one), abnormal coagulation tests (such as increased
prothrombin time, increased activated partial thromboplastin time, increased thrombin time, increased
INR)
(see
section
4.6),
Vitamin
(biotin)
deficiency/biotinidase deficiency.
as weight gain is a risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome, patient weight must be carefully monitored (see Section 4.4).
Nervous system disorders
Very common: tremor.
Common:
extrapyramidal
disorder,
stupor*,
sedation
seizures*,
memory
disorders,
headache,
nystagmus, dizziness
Uncommon: coma*, encephalopathy*, lethargy*, reversible parkinsonism, ataxia, paresthesia.
Rare: reversible dementia associated with reversible cerebral atrophy, cognitive disorder.
Cases of
stupor and lethargy sometimes leading to transient coma (encephalopathy)
have been observed with valproate; regressing on treatment
discontinuation or dose reduction. These states most often occur during multiple-agent therapy (particularly phenobarbital or topiramate) or following a
sudden increase in valproate doses.
Ear and labyrinth disorders
Common: deafness
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Uncommon: pleural effusion.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Very common: Nausea.
Common: vomiting, gingival disorder (mainly gingival hyperplasia), stomatitis, abdominal pain upper,
diarrhea frequently occur at the start of treatment, but they usually disappear after a few days without
discontinuing the treatment.
Uncommon: pancreatitis, with possibly fatal outcome requiring early treatment discontinuation (See
section 4.)
Renal and urinary disorders
Uncommon: renal failure
Rare: enuresis, tubulointerstitial nephritis,
urinary incontinence, reversible Fanconi syndrome but the
mode of action is as yet unclear.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Common: hypersensitivity, transient and/or dose related alopecia, nail and nail bed disorders
Uncommon: angioedema, rash, hair disorder (such as hair texture abnormal, hair colour changes, hair
growth abnormal)
Rare: toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Jonson syndrome, erythema multiforme, Drug Rash with
Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome (see section 4.4).
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders:
Uncommon: bone mineral density decreased, osteopenia, osteoporosis and fractures in patients on
long-term therapy with sodium valproate. The mechanism by which sodium valproate affect bone
metabolism has not been identified.
Rare: systemic lupus erythematosus (see section 4.4), rhabdomyolysis (See section 4.4).
Endocrine disorders
Uncommon: syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of ADH (SIADH), hyperandrogenism (hirsutism,
virilism, acnea, androgenic alopecia, and/or increase in androgen hormone levels)
Rare: hypothyroidism (see section 4.6)
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Common: hyponatraemia,
Rare: hyperammonaemia* (see section 4.4), obesity
*Isolated and moderate hyperammonemia with no changes in liver parameters can be observed, especially during multiple-agent therapy, and does not
warrant treatment discontinuation.
However, cases of hyperammoneamia with neurological symptoms (which may progress to coma) have also been reported, and require additional tests (see
Section 4.4).
Neoplasm benign, malignant and unspecified (incl. cysts and polyps)
Rare: myelodysplastic syndrome.
Vascular disorders
Common: bleeding (see section 4.4 and 4.8)
Uncommon: vasculitis.
General disorders and administration site conditions
Uncommon: hypothermia, non-severe oedema peripheral
Hepatobiliary disorders
Common: liver disease (See section 4.4).
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Common: menstrual irregularities
Uncommon: amenorrhea,
Rare: impact on spermatogenesis (in particular, decreased sperm motility), polycystic ovaries.
Psychiatric disorders
Common: confusional state, hallucinations, aggression*, agitation*, attention deficit disorders*.
Rare: behavioral disturbances*, psychomotor hyperactivity*, learning disabilities *
* These ADRs are principally observed in the pediatrics population.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Any suspected adverse events should be reported to the Ministry of Health according to the National
Regulation by using an online form
(http://forms.gov.il/globaldata/getsequence/getsequence.aspx?formType=AdversEffectMedic@moh.he
alth.gov.il ) or by email (adr@MOH.HEALTH.GOV.IL ).
4.9 Overdose
The clinical signs of massive acute poisoning usually include a calm coma, which may be more or less deep,
with muscule hypotonia, hyporeflexia, miosis, reduced respiratory autonomy and metabolic acidosis,
hypotension and collapse/ cardiovascular shock.
A few cases of intracranial hypertension related to cerebral edema have been described.
Patient management in a hospital setting includes: gastric lavage if indicated, maintenance of effective
diuresis, cardiorespiratory monitoring. In very serious cases, extra-renal purification may be performed if
necessary.
Naloxone has been successfully used in a few isolated cases. In case of massive overdose, hemodialysis and
hemoperfusion have been used successfully.
The prognosis of such poisoning is generally favorable. However a few deaths have been reported.
In the event of overdose, the sodium content in formulations containing valproate can lead to hypernatremia.
5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
ANTI-EPILEPTIC
ATC Code: N03AG01
Valproate produces its pharmacological effects mainly on the central nervous system.
These anti-convulsant properties are produced against very different types of convulsive seizures in animals and
epilepsies in humans.
Experimental and clinical studies on valproate suggest two types of anti-convulsant action.
The first is a direct pharmacological effect related to plasma concentrations of valproate and concentrations in the
brain.
The second is apparently an indirect effect probably related to metabolites of valproate which persist in the brain
or with changes in neurotransmitters or with direct membrane effects.
The hypothesis most generally recognized is that of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) whose concentrations
increase after administration of valproate.
Valproate decreases the duration of the intermediate phases of sleep with a concomitant increase in slowwave
sleep.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
The various pharmacokinetic studies conducted on valproate have shown that:
The bioavailability in the blood following oral administration is close to 100%.
Most of the substance is distributed in the blood and the rapid exchange extra-cellular fluids.
It is also distributed in the CSF and the brain.
The half-life is 15 to 17 hours.
A therapeutic efficacy usually requires minimum serum concentrations of 40-50 mg/l, with a
wide range between 40 and 100 mg/l. If higher plasma levels prove necessary, the expected
benefits must be weighed against the risk of occurrence of unwanted effects, particularly dose-
dependent effects. However, levels remainig above 150 mg/l require a reduction in the dose.
Plasma concentration at the steady state is reached within 3 to 4 days.
Binding of valproate to plasma proteins is very high. It is dose-dependent and saturable
Valproate is excreted mainly in the urine following metabolization by glucuronic conjugation and beta-
oxidation.
- Valproate is dialyzable, but hemodialysis affects only the unbound fraction of plasma valproate (about 10%).
Valproate does not an inducer of enzymes involved in the cytochrome P 450 metabolic system,
contrary to most other anti-epileptic agents, as a result, it does not accelerate its own degredation,
nor that of other substances, such as estrogen -progestogens and oral anticoagulants.
6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 Excipients
Depalept 200 enteric coated tablets:
Purified talc, povidone (K25), maize starch, cellulose acetate phtalate, calcium silicate, polyethylene glycol
400, diethyl phthalate, povidone (K90), titanium dioxide micronized ,magnesium stearate.
Depalept 500 enteric coated tablets:
Purified talc, povidone (K25), cellulose acetate phthalate, maize starch, calcium silicate, povidone (K90),
polyethylene glycol 400, diethyl phthalate, titanium dioxide micronized, magnesium stearate, Iron yellow oxide
E172.
Depalept Syrup:
Sucrose, sorbitol solution 70%, sodium methyl hydroxybenzoate, saccharin sodium, ponceau 4R, cherry
flavour, sodium propyl hydroxybenzoate, purified water.
Depalept oral Solution:
Urea, diluted hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide, purified water.
6.2 Special precautions for storage
Depalept tablets must be kept in a cool, dry, dark place, at room temperature (below 25
C). Can be used up to
2 months from opening.
depalept syrup should be stored at 25ºC . Can be used up to 2 months from opening.
Depalept oral solution should be stored at 25ºC. Can be used up to 2 months from opening.
7. PRESENTATION
Depalept Enteric-Coated tablets 200 mg: 40 tablets
Depalept Enteric-Coated tablets 500 mg: 40 tablets
Depalept Solution: Bottles of 50 ml
Depalept Syrup: Bottles of 110 ml
8. MANUFACTURER:
CTS Chemical Industries Ltd., Kiryat Malachi
THE FORMAT OF THIS LEAFLET WAS DETERMINED BY THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND ITS CONTENT
WAS CHECKED AND APPROVED IN 11/2015
לע העדוה לע העדוה לע העדוה ( הרמחה ( הרמחה ( הרמחה
עדימ עדימ עדימ ל ןולעב )תוחיטב ל ןולעב )תוחיטב ל ןולעב )תוחיטב אפור אפור אפור
ןכדועמ( ןכדועמ( ןכדועמ(
.202.20
.202.20
.202.20
_____________ ךיראת
1109/01/92
__________
םושירה רפסמו תילגנאב רישכת םש
:
Depalept 200- 0483023229
Depalpet 500- 0337122348
Depalpet Oral Solution- 1166823129
Depalept Syrup- 0337222644
ש
םושירה לעב ם
________
טצכ
תוימיכ תוישעת
מ"עב
__________________
ה טורפל דעוימ הז ספוט דבלב תורמחה
תושקובמה תורמחהה
ןולעב קרפ
יחכונ טסקט
שדח טסקט
Posology and
administration
route
Dosage should be
established according to age
and body weight.
A good correlation has not
been established between
daily dose, serum
concentration and therapeutic
effect and optimum dosage
should be determined
essentially according to the
clinical response; the
determination of valproic acid
plasma levels may be
considered in addition to
clinical monitoring when
adequate seizure control is
not achieved or when adverse
effects are suspected. The
reported effective range is
usually between 40-100
mg/litre (300-700 umol/litre).
Depalept 500 mg and
Depalept 200 mg
gastro-resistant
tablets are not
suitable for children
under the age of 6
years (risk of
choking).
Posology
Average daily dosage:
Infants
children:
per kg (the syrup
In female children, female adolescents,
women of childbearing potential and
pregnant women
Depalept should be initiated and
supervised by a specialist experienced in
the management of epilepsy or bipolar
disorder. Treatment should only be
initiated if other treatments are ineffective
or not tolerated (see Section 4.4 and
Section 4.6) and the benefit and risk
should be carefully reconsidered at regular
treatment reviews. Preferably Depalept
should be prescribed as monotherapy and
at the lowest effective dose, if possible as
a prolonged release formulation. The daily
dose should be divided into at least two
single doses.
In view of the dosage strength this
medicinal product is for use in adults and
children weighing over than 17 kg only.
Depalept 500 mg and Depalept
200 mg gastro-resistant tablets are
not suitable for children under the
age of 6 years (risk of choking).
Dosage
The Initial daily dosage is usually 10-15
mg/kg, after which doses are increased up
to the optimum dose (see
Initiation of treatment)
The mean dosage is 20 -30 mg/kg per
day. However, if seizures are not brought
under control at this dosage
it may be increased and patients must be
closely monitored.
− In children, the usual dosage is about 30
mg/kg per day.
− In adults, the usual dosage is 20 to 30
oral
solution
forms
should
preferably
used)
divided
doses.
Adolscents
adults:
(the
tablet
chrono
tablet
forms
should
preferably
be used) in divided
doses.
mg/kg per day.
− In elderly patients, the dosage should be
determined based on the control of
seizures.
The daily dosage should determined
based on age and body weight, however,
the significant variations in inter-individual
sensitivity to valproate must be taken into
account.
No clear correlation between the daily
dose, serum levels and the therapeutic
effect has been established: the dosage
should be determined on the basis of the
clinical response.
Determination of valproic acid plasma
levels should be considered along with
clinical monitoring when control of seizures
is not achieved or when adverse effects
are suspected. The effective therapeutic
range is usually between 40 and 100 mg/L
(300 to 700 μmol/L).
Contraindication
History
hypersensitivity
valproate
divalproate,
valpromide
ingredients
medicinal product.
Acute hepatitis.
Chronic hepatitis.
Personal
familial
history
severe hepatitis, in
particular
drug
related.
Hepatic porphyria
Combination
with
mefloquine
St.-John`s-
wort
(see Section
4.5 Interaction with
other
medicinal
products and other
forms
interaction).
History of hypersensitivity to
valproate , divalproate,
valpromide or to one of the
ingredients of the medicinal
product.
Acute hepatitis.
Chronic hepatitis.
Hepatic porphyria
Personal or familial history of
severe hepatitis, in particular
drug related.
Combination use with
mefloquine and St.-John`s-wort
(see Section 4.5).
Patients known to have
mitochondrial disorders caused
by mutations in the nuclear
gene encoding
mitochondrial enzyme
polymerase γ (POLG, e.g.
Alpers-Huttenlocher Syndrome)
and in children
under two years of age who are
suspected of having a POLG-
related disorder (see Section
4.4)
Patients with known urea cycle
disorders (see Section 4.4)
Special warnings
and special
precautions for
use
The introduction of an
antiepileptic may, in rare
cases, be followed by an
increase in seizures or the
onset of a new type of seizure
in the patient, independently of
the spontaneous fluctuations
observed in some types of
epilepsy. In the case of
valproate, this mainly involves
a change in concomitant
Patient Card:
This product is marketed with
patient safety information card
(patient card). Please explain to
the patient the implications of
this treatment.
Female children/Female
adolescents/Woman of
childbearing
potential/Pregnancy
antiepileptic treatment or a
pharmacokinetic interaction
(see Section 4.5 Interaction
with other medicinal products
and other forms of interaction),
toxicity (liver disease or
encephalopathy) (see Sections
4.4 Special warnings and
special precautions for use
and 4.8 Undesirable effects) or
overdose.
Since this medicinal product is
metabolized into valproic acid,
it should not be combined with
other medicinal products
undergoing the same
transformation to avoid an
overdose of valproic acid (e.g.
divalproate, valpromide).
It is recommended that
patients, or their families in the
case of children, be informed
that they should immediately
consult a doctor if this type of
clinical picture occurs. In
addition to a physical
examination, liver function
tests should immediately be
performed.
Detection:
Liver function tests should be
performed before therapy and
then periodically during the
first 6 months of therapy.
Tests reflecting protein
synthesis and, in particular, PR
(prothrombin rate) are the
most pertinent of the
conventional tests.
Confirmation of an abnormally
low prothrombin rate,
especially if accompanied by
other abnormal laboratory
findings (significant reduction
in fibrinogen and coagulation
factors, elevated bilirubin,
elevated transaminase levels -
see Section 4.4 Special
warnings and special
precautions for use), requires
discontinuation of sodium
valproate treatment (and, as a
precautionary measure,
salicylate derivatives if they
are concomitantly prescribed,
since they use the same
metabolic pathway).
Depalept should not be used in
female children, in female
adolescents, in women of child-
bearing
potential and in pregnant
women unless alternative
treatments are ineffective or not
tolerated,because of its high
teratogenic potential and risk of
neuro-developmental disorders
in infants exposed in- utero to
valproate.
The benefit and risk should be
carefully reconsidered at
regular treatment reviews at
puberty and urgently when a
woman of child bearing
potential treated with Depalept
plans a pregnancy, or if she
becomes pregnant.
Women of child-bearing
potential must use effective
contraception during treatment
and be completely informed of
the risks associated with the
use of Depalept during
pregnancy (see section 4.6).
The prescriber must ensure
that the patient is provided with
comprehensive information on
the risks
alongside relevant materials,
such as a patient information
leaflet, to support her
understanding of the risks.
In particular the prescriber must
ensure the patient understands:
nature
magnitude of the risks of
exposure
during
pregnancy, in particular the
teratogenic
risks
risks
neuro-
developmental disorders.
The need to use effective
contraception.
The need for regular review
of treatment.
The need to rapidly consult
physician
thinking
becoming
pregnant or there is a
possibility of pregnancy.
In women planning to become
pregnant all efforts should be
made to switch to appropriate
alternative
treatment prior to conception, if
possible (see Section 4.6).
Valproate therapy should only
be continued after a
reassessment of the benefits
Pancreatitis:
Pancreatitis with a sometimes
fatal outcome has been
reported in exceptional cases.
Young children are at
particular risk but this risk
decreases with increasing age.
Severe seizures, neurological
impairment or anticonvulsant
therapy may be at risk factors.
If pancreatitis is associated
with hepatic insufficiency, the
risk of a fatal outcome is
increased.
Patients experiencing acute
abdominal pain should have a
prompt medical evaluation. In
case of pancreatitis, Sodium
Valporate should be
discontinued.
Woman of childbearing
potential:
A decision to use Sodium
Valporate in woman of
childbearing potential should
be taken after very careful
evaluation, if the benefits of its
use outweigh the risks of
congenital anomalies to the
unborn child (i.e. in situations
where other treatments are
ineffective or not tolerated).
This decision is to be taken;
before Sodium Valporate is
prescribed for the first time as
well as before a woman
already treated with sodium
valproate is planning a
pregnancy. Women of child-
bearing potential must use
effective contraception during
treatment.
Suicidal ideation and
behavior:
Suicidal ideation and behavior
have been reported in patients
treated with antiepileptic
agents in several indications. A
meta-analysis of randomized,
placebo controlled trials of
anti-epileptic drugs has also
shown a small increased risk
of suicidal ideation and
behavior. The mechanism of
this effect is not known.
Therefore, patients should be
monitored for signs of suicidal
ideation and behavior, and
appropriate treatment should
be considered. Patients (and
caregivers of patients) should
be advised to seek medical
and risks of the treatment with
valproate for the patient by a
physician experienced in the
management of epilepsy or
bipolar disorder.
The introduction of an antiepileptic may, in
rare cases, be followed by an increase in
seizures or the onset of a new type of
seizure in the patient, independently of the
spontaneous fluctuations observed in some
types of epilepsy. In the case of valproate,
this mainly involves a change in
concomitant antiepileptic treatment or a
pharmacokinetic interaction (see Section
4.5), toxicity (liver disease or
encephalopathy) (see Sections 4.4 and 4.8)
or overdose.
Since this medicinal product is transformed
into valproic acid in the body, it should not
be combined with other medicinal products
undergoing the same transformation to
avoid an overdose of valproic acid (e.g.
divalproate, valpromide).
Liver diseases:
Conditions of onset:
Exceptional cases of liver damage with a
severe or sometimes fatal outcome have
been reported.
Infants and young children under the age of
3, especially in cases of multiple
anticonvulsant therapy, presenting with
severe epilepsy and, in particular, epilepsy
associated with brain damage, mental
retardation and/or a genetic metabolic or
degenerative disease are the most at risk.
Over the age of 3, the incidence of onset is
significantly reduced and gradually
decreases with age.
In the great majority of cases, such liver
damage has been observed within the first
6 months of treatment, usually between the
2nd and 12th week and generally during
multiple-agent antiepileptic treatment.
Warning signs:
Early diagnosis is primarily based on the
clinical picture. In particular, two types of
signs that can precede jaundice should be
taken into account, particularly in patients at
risk (see Conditions of onset):
firstly, non-specific systemic signs,
generally of sudden onset, such as
asthenia, anorexia, lethargy,
drowsiness, sometimes accompanied
advice immediately should
signs of suicidal ideation or
behavior emerge.
Interaction with other medicinal
products:
Coadministration of this
medicinal product with
Carbapenems agents is not
recommended (see Section
4.5 Interaction with other
medicinal products and other
forms of interaction).
Decrease in blood levels of
valporic acid have been
reported when it is co-
administered with carbapenem
agents resulting in a 60-100%
decrease in valporic acid
levels within two days,
sometimes associated with
convulsions. Due to the rapid
onset and the extent of the
decrease, co-administration of
carbapenem agents in patients
stabilized on valporic acid
should be avoided. If treatment
with these antibiotics cannot
be avoided, close monitoring
of valporic acid blood level
should be performed.
by repeated vomiting and abdominal
pain.
secondly, a recurrence of epileptic
seizures despite proper treatment
compliance.
It is recommended that patients, or their
families in the case of children, be informed
that they should immediately consult a
doctor if this type of clinical picture occurs.
In addition to a physical examination, liver
function tests should immediately be
performed.
Confirmation of abnormally low PT values,
especially if there are also other abnormal
laboratory findings
(significant reduction in fibrinogen and
coagulation factors, elevated bilirubin,
elevated transaminase levels -
see section 4.4), requires discontinuation of
treatment (and, as a precaution, salicylate
derivatives if they are
concomitantly prescribed, since they use
the same metabolic pathway).
Bleeding and other hematopoietic
disorders
Valproate is associated with dose-related
thrombocytopenia. Valproate use has also
been associated with decreases in other
cell lines and myelodysplasia. Because of
reports of cytopenias, inhibition of the
secondary phase of platelet aggregation,
and abnormal coagulation parameters,
(e.g., low fibrinogen, coagulation factor
deficiencies, acquired von Willebrand’s
disease), measurements of complete blood
counts, count including platelets, bleeding
time and and coagulation tests are
recommended before initiating therapy and
at periodic intervals and also before any
surgery, and in the event of hematomas or
spontaneous bleeding
(see Section 4.8).
The introduction of an antiepileptic may, in
rare cases, be followed by an increase in
seizures or the onset of a new type of
seizure in the patient, independently of the
spontaneous fluctuations observed in some
types of epilepsy. In the case of valproate,
this mainly involves a change in
concomitant antiepileptic treatment or a
pharmacokinetic interaction (see Section
4.5), toxicity (liver disease or
encephalopathy) (see Sections 4.4 and 4.8)
or overdose.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and
Systemic Symptoms
(DRESS)/Multiorgan hypersensitivity
reaction
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and
Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), also known
as Multiorgan
Hypersensitivity, has been reported in
patients taking valproate. DRESS may be
fatal or life-threatening.
DRESS typically, although not exclusively,
presents with fever, rash, and/or
lymphadenopathy, in association with other
organ system involvement, such as
hepatitis, nephritis, hematological
abnormalities, myocarditis, or myositis
sometimes resembling an acute viral
infection. Eosinophilia is often present.
Because this disorder is variable in its
expression, other organ systems not noted
here may be involved. It is important to note
that early manifestations of hypersensitivity,
such as fever or lymphadenopathy, may be
present even though rash is not evident. If
such signs or symptoms are present, the
patient should be evaluated immediately.
Valproate should be discontinued and not
be resumed if an alternative etiology for the
signs or symptoms cannot be established.
Pancreatitis:
Pancreatitis with a sometimes fatal
outcome has been reported in exceptional
cases. This can be observed irrespective of
age and treatment duration, with young
children appearing to be particularly at risk.
Pancreatitis with an unfavorable outcome is
generally observed in young children or in
patients with severe
epilepsy, brain damage or those taking
multiple-agent antiepileptic treatments.
If pancreatitis is associated with hepatic
insufficiency, the risk of a fatal outcome is
increased.
In the event of acute abdominal pain or
gastrointestinal signs such as nausea,
vomiting and/or anorexia, a
diagnosis of pancreatitis must be
considered and, in patients with elevated
pancreatic enzymes, treatment
should be discontinued, and the necessary
alternative therapeutic measures
implemented.
Risk of suicide:
Suicidal ideation and behavior have been
reported in patients treated with
antiepileptic agents in several indications. A
meta-analysis of randomized, placebo
controlled trials of anti-epileptic drugs has
also shown a small increased risk of
suicidal ideation and behavior. The causes
of this risk are unknown and the available
data do not make it possible to rule out an
increased risk with valproate.
Consequently, patients should be
monitored for signs of suicidal ideation and
behavior, and appropriate treatment should
be considered. Patients (and their care
providers) should be advised to seek
medical advice immediately should signs
of suicidal ideation or behavior emerge.
Patients with known or suspected
mitochondrial disease
Valproate may trigger or worsen clinical
signs of underlying mitochondrial diseases
caused by mutations of mitochondrial DNA
as well as the nuclear- encoded POLG
gene. In particular, acute liver failure and
liver-related deaths have been associated
with valproate treatment at a higher rate in
patients with hereditary neurometabolic
syndromes caused by mutations in the
gene for mitochondrial enzyme polymerase
γ (POLG; e.g. Alpers-Huttenlocher
Syndrome). POLG-related disorders
should be suspected in patients with a
family history or suggestive symptoms of a
POLG-related disorder, including but not
limited to un-explained encephalopathy,
refractory epilepsy (focal, myoclonic),
status epilepticus at presentation,
developmental delays, psychomotor
regression, axonal sensorimotor
neuropathy, myopathy cerebellar ataxia,
opthalmoplegia, or complicated migraine
with occipital aura. POLG mutation testing
should be performed in accordance with
current clinical practice for the diagnostic
evaluation of such disorders (see Section
4.3).
Precautions for use
It should be emphasized that, as with most
anti-epileptics, an isolated and transient,
moderate elevation in transaminase levels
may be observed, without any clinical
signs, particularly at the start of treatment.
Should this occur, it is recommended that
a more complete laboratory workup be
performed (in particular, prothrombin time),
that the dosage be re-evaluated if
necessary, and that the tests be repeated
based on changes in the parameters.
In children under the age of 3, it is
recommended that sodium valproate only
be used as single-agent treatment, after
having weighed the therapeutic value
against the risk of liver disease and
pancreatitis in patients in this age group
(see Section 4.4).
In children, avoid the simultaneous
prescription of salicylate derivatives, due to
the risk of hepatotoxicity (see section 4.4)
and the risk of bleeding.
This medicinal product is not
recommended in patients with urea cycle
enzyme deficiencies. A few cases of
hyperammonemia associated with stupor
or coma have been described in these
patients.
In children with a history of unexplained
hepatic and gastrointestinal disturbances
(anorexia, vomiting, cytolytic episodes),
episodes of lethargy or coma, mental
retardation or with a family history of
neonatal or infant death, metabolic tests
and, in particular, fasting and post-prandial
ammonemia tests must be performed prior
to any valproate treatment.
Although it is recognized that this
medicinal product only causes
immunological disturbances in exceptional
cases, the benefit/risk ratio should be
carefully weighed for use in patients with
systemic lupus erythematosus.
As valproate is excreted primarily in the
urine, partly in the forms of ketone bodies,
ketone body excretion test for ketonuria
may yield false positive results in patients
with diabetes.
Patients with an underlying carnitine
palmitoyltransferase (CPT) type II
deficiency should be warned of the greater
risk of rhabdomyolysis when taking sodium
valproate.
Interaction
Felbamate
Increased valproic acid serum
concentrations, with a risk of
overdose, by decrease
valporic acid clearance by 22%
to 50%, and decrease the
felbamate mean clearance by
up to 16%. Valproic acid
dosage should be monitored.
Clinical and laboratory
monitoring and possible
valproate dose adjustment
during treatment with
felbamate and after its
discontinuation.
Phenobarbital
Valproic acid increases
phenobarbital plasma
concentrations (due to
inhibition of hepatic
catabolism) and sedation may
occur, particulary in children.
Therefore, clinical monitoring
is recommended throughout
the first 15 days of combined
treatment with immediate
reduction of phenobarbital
doses if sedation occurs and
determination of phenobarbital
plasma levels when
appropriate.
Primidone:
Aztreonam
Risk of seizures due to reduced valproic
acid plasma concentrations. Clinical
monitoring, plasma assays and possibly
dose adjustment of the anticonvulsant
during treatment with the anti-infective
agent and after its discontinuation.
Felbamate
Increased valproic acid serum
concentrations, with a risk of overdose, by
decrease valporic acid clearance by 22% to
50%, and decrease the felbamate mean
clearance by up to 16%. Valproic acid
dosage should be monitored.
Clinical and laboratory monitoring and
possible valproate dose adjustment during
treatment with
felbamate and after its discontinuation.
Phenobarbital (and by extrapolation,
primidone)
Valproic acid increases phenobarbital
plasma concentrations (due to inhibition of
hepatic catabolism) and sedation may
occur, particulary in children. Therefore,
clinical monitoring is recommended
throughout the first 15 days of combined
treatment with immediate reduction of
phenobarbital doses if sedation occurs and
determination of phenobarbital plasma
levels when appropriate.
Valproic acid metabolites levels may be
increased in case of concomitant use with
Valproic acid increases
primidone plasma levels with
exacerbation of its adverse
effects (such as sedation),
these signs cease with long-
term treatment. Clinical
monitoring is recommended
especially at the beginning of a
combined therapy with dosage
adjustment when appropriate.
Phenytoin
Valporic acid decreases
phenytoin total plasma
concentration. Moreover,
Valporic acid increases the
phenytoin free form with
possible overdose symptoms
(Valporic acid displace
phenytoin from its plasma
protein binding sites and
reduces its hepatic
catabolism). Therefore, clinical
monitoring is recommended
when phenytoin plasma levels
are determined, the free form
should be evaluated.
Topiramate
Concomitant administration of
valproate and topiramate has
been associated with
encephalopathy and/or
hyperammonemia. Patients
treated with those two drugs
should be carefully monitored
for signs and symptoms of
hyperammonemic
encephalopathy.
Rifampicin
Rifampicin may decrease the
valproate blood levels resulting
in a lack of therapeutic effect.
Therefore, valproate dosage
adjustment may be necessary
when it is co-administered with
rifampicin.
Zidovudine
Valproic acid may raise
zidovudine plasma
concentration leading to
increased zidovudine toxicity.
Cimetidine, Erythromycin
Valproate serum levels may be
increased in case of
concomitant use, as a result of
reduced hepatic metabolism.
.
.
.
phenytoin or phenobarbital. Therefore
patients treated with those two drugs
should be carefully monitored for signs and
symptoms of hyperammonemia.
Phenytoin
Valporic acid decreases phenytoin total
plasma concentration. Moreover, Valporic
acid increases the phenytoin free form with
possible overdose symptoms (Valporic acid
displace phenytoin from its plasma protein
binding sites and reduces its hepatic
catabolism). Therefore, clinical monitoring
is recommended when phenytoin plasma
levels are determined, the free form should
be evaluated.
Topiramate and acetazolamide
Concomitant administration of valproate
and topiramate has been associated with
encephalopathy and/or hyperammonemia.
Patients treated with those two drugs
should be carefully monitored for signs and
symptoms of hyperammonemic
encephalopathy.
Zidovudine
Risk of increased adverse effects of
Zidovudine, particularly hematological
effects, due to decreased metabolism by
valporic acid.
Regular clinical and laboratory monitoring.
A blood count should be performed to test
for anemia during the first two months of
the combination.
Olanzapine
Valproic acid may decrease the olanzapine
plasma concentration.
Rufinamide
Valproic acid may lead to an increase in
plasma level of rufinamide. This increase is
dependent on concentration of valproic
acid. Caution should be exercised, in
particular in children, as this effect is larger
in this population.
.
.
.
.
Lithium:
Depalept has no effect on serum lithium
levels.
Oral contraceptives
Valproate usually has no enzyme inducing
effect, as a consequence, valproate does
not reduce efficacy of oestroprogestative
agents in women receiving hormonal
contraception.
.
Nimodipine (oral route and
by extrapolation, injectable
route)
Risk of enhanced hypotensive
effect of nimodipine due to an
increase in its plasma
concentrations (decreased
metabolism by valproic acid).
Quetiapine
Co-administration of valproate
and quetiapine may increase
the risk of
neutropenia/leucopenia.
Lithium:
Valproic acid has no effect on
serum lithium levels.
Oral contraceptives
Valproate usually has no
enzyme inducing effect, as a
consequence, valproate does
not reduce efficacy of
oestroprogestative agents in
women receiving hormonal
contraception.
Protease inhibitors
Protease inhibitors such as lopinavir,
ritonavir decrease valproate plasma level
when co-administered.
Cholestyramine
Cholestyramine may lead to a decrease in
plasma level of valproate when co-
administered.
Fertility, pregnancy and
lactation
Risk
associated
with
seizures:
During pregnancy,
maternal tonic clonic
seizures and status
epilepticus with hypoxia
carry a particular risk of
death for mother and for
the unborn child.
- Risk associated with
sodium valproate:
In animals: teratogenic
effects have been
demonstrated in the
mice, rats and rabbits.
In humans: Available
data suggest an
increased incidence of
minor or major
malformations including,
in particular, neural tube
defects, craniofacial
defects, malformation of
the limbs,
cardiovascular
malformations,
hyposapadias and
multiple anomalies
involving various body
systems in offspring
born to mothers treated
with valproate, when
Depalept should not be used in female
children, in female adolescents, in women
of childbearing potential and in pregnant
women unless other treatments are
ineffective or not tolerated. Women of
childbearing potential have to use effective
contraception during treatment.
In women planning to become pregnant all
efforts should be made to switch to
appropriate alternative treatment prior to
conception, if possible.
Pregnancy Exposure Risk related to
valproate
Both valproate monotherapy and valproate
polytherapy are associated with abnormal
pregnancy outcomes.
Available data suggest that antiepileptic
polytherapy including valproate is
associated with a greater risk of congenital
malformations than valproate monotherapy.
Congenital malformations
Data derived from a meta-analysis
(including registries and cohort studies) has
shown that 10.73% of children of epileptic
women exposed to valproate monotherapy
during pregnancy suffer from congenital
malformations (95% CI: 8.16 -13.29). This
is a greater risk of major malformations
than for the general population, for whom
the risk is about 2-3%. The risk is dose
dependent but a threshold dose below
which no risk exists cannot be established.
Available data show an increased incidence
compared to the
incidence for certain
other antiepileptic drugs.
Data from a meta-
analysis has shown an
incidence of congenital
malformations in
children born to epileptic
women exposed to
valproate monotherapy
during pregnancy at
10.73% (95% CI: 8.16-
13.29). Available data
indicate dose-
dependency of this
effect.
Data suggest an
association between in-
utero valporate
exposure and a risk of
developmental delay,
particularly of verbal IQ,
in children born to
mothers suffering from
epilepsy and treated
with valproate.
Developmental delay is
frequently associated
with malformations
and/or dysmorphic
features. However, it is
difficult to establish
causal relationship in
view of possible
confounding factors
such as low maternal or
paternal IQ, genetic,
social and
environmental factors,
and poor maternal
seizure control during
pregnancy.
Autism spectrum
disorders have also
been reported in
children exposed to
valproate in utero.
Both valproate
monotherapy and
valproate polytherapy
are associated with
abnormal pregnancy
outcome. Available data
suggest that
antiepileptic polytherapy
including valproate is
associated with higher
risk of abnormal
pregnancy outcome that
valproate monotherapy.
-In view of the above
data
This medicine should
not be used during
of minor and major malformations. The
most common types of malformations
include neural tube closure defects
(approximately 2 to 3%), facial
dysmorphism, cleft lip and palate,
craniostenosis, cardiac, renal and
urogenital defects (in particular,
hypospadias), limb defects (including
bilateral aplasia of the radius), and multiple
anomalies involving various body systems.
Neuro- disorders
Studies have shown that exposure to
valproate in utero increases the risk of
neuro-developmental disorders of the
exposed children. The risk seems to be
dose-dependent but a threshold dose below
which no risk exists, cannot be established
based on available data. The period of risk
could involve the entire pregnancy.
Studies in preschool children exposed in
utero to valproate show that up to 30-40%
experience delays in their early
development such as talking and walking
later, lower intellectual abilities, poor
language skills (speaking and
understanding) and memory problems.
Intelligence quotient (IQ) measured in
school aged children (age 6) with a history
of valproate exposure in utero was on
average 7-10 points lower than those
children exposed to other antiepileptics.
Although the role of confounding factors
cannot be excluded, there is evidence in
children exposed to valproate that the risk
of intellectual impairment may be
independent from maternal IQ.
There are limited data on the long term
outcomes.
Available data show that children exposed
to valproate in utero are at increased risk of
pervasive developmental disorders (autism
spectrum disorders) (approximately three-
fold) and childhood autism (approximately
five-fold) compared with the general study
population.
Limited data to date suggests that children
exposed to valproate in utero may be more
likely to develop symptoms of attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Female children, female adolescents and
women of childbearing potential (see above
and Section 4.4)
Depalept should not be used in female
children, in female adolescents, in women
of childbearing potential and pregnant
women unless alternative treatments are
ineffective or not tolerated. Women of
childbearing potential must use effective
contraception during treatment.
If a woman wants to plan a pregnancy or if
she is pregnant:
pre-conception
consultation
recommended
valproate therapy should be
reassessed,
pregnancy and in
women of child-bearing
potential unless clearly
necessary (i.e. in
situation where other
treatments are
ineffective or not
tolerated). Women of
childbearing potential
should be informed of
the risks and benefits of
the use of valproate
during pregnancy.
Specialist advice is
required and physicians
are strongly encouraged
to discuss reproductive
issues with their
patients, before sodium
valproate is prescribed
for the first time or a
woman already treated
with sodium valporate is
planning a pregnancy.
If a woman plans a
pregnancy, valporate
therapy should be
reassessed whatever
the indication:
bipolar
disorders
indication, cessation of
valporate
prophylaxis
should be considered.
During
pregnancy,
valproate
therapy
should
discontinued
without
reassessment
benefit/risk.
If, in any indication,
further to a careful
evaluation of the risks
and benefits, valporate
treatment is continued
during the pregnancy,
it is recommended to
use valporate in
divided doses over the
day at the lowest
effective dose. The
use of a prolonged
release formulation
may be preferable to
any other treatment
form.
addition,
appropriate,
folate
supplementation
should
started
before pregnancy and
at relevant dosage (5
daily)
minimize
risk
neural tube defects.
Specialized
prenatal
all efforts should be made to switch
to appropriate alternative treatment
prior to conception, if possible.
-Valproate therapy should not be
discontinued without reassessment of the
benefits and risks of the treatment with
valproate for the patient by a physician
experienced in the management of
epilepsy. During pregnancy, maternal tonic-
clonic seizures and status epilepticus with
hypoxia may have serious consequences
and even be fatal for the mother and the
unborn child.
If based on a careful evaluation of the risks
and benefits, valporate treatment is
continued during the pregnancy (no
alternative), it is recommended to:
Use the lowest effective dose and
divide the daily dose valproate into
several
small
doses
taken
throughout the day. The use of a
prolonged-release formulation may
preferable
other
treatment
formulations in order to avoid high
peak plasma concentrations.
Provide
folate
supplementation
before the pregnancy, which may
decrease
risk
neural
tube
closure
defects
common
pregnancies. However the available
evidence
does
suggest
prevents the malformations due to
valproate exposure.
Institute
specialized
prenatal
monitoring in order to detect the
possible occurrence of neural tube
defects or other malformations.
Before delivery:
Coagulation tests should be performed,
including in particular a platelet count,
fibrinogen levels and coagulation time
(activated partial thromboplastin time:
aPTT) in the mother before delivery.
- Risk in the neonate
Exceptional
cases
hemorrhagic
syndrome
have
been
reported
neonates
whose
mothers
have
taken
sodium
valproate
during
pregnancy.
This hemorrhagic syndrome is related to
thrombocytopenia,
hypofibrinogenemia
and/or to decrease in other coagulation
factors; afibrinogenemia has also been
reported and may be fatal. However, this
syndrome must be distinguished from
the decrease of the vitamin-K factors
induced by phenobarbital and enzymatic
inducers. Normal hemostasis test results
in the mother do not make it possible to
rule out hemostasis abnormalities in the
neonate.
monitoring
should
instituted
order
detect
possible
occurrence
neural
tube defects or other
malformations.
- Risk in the neonate
Exceptional
cases
hemorrhagic
syndrome
have
been
reported
neonates
whose
mothers
have
taken
sodium
valproate
during
pregnancy.
This
hemorrhagic
syndrome
related
thrombocytopenia,
hypofibrinogenemia
and/or
decrease
other
coagulation
factors;
afibrinogenemia
also
been reported and may be
fatal.
However,
this
syndrome
must
distinguished
from
decrease of the vitamin-K
factors
induced
phenobarbital
enzymatic inducers.
Therefore,
platelet
count,
fibrinogen
plasma
level,
coagulation
tests
coagulation
factors
should
investigated
neonates.
Therefore,
platelet
count,
fibrinogen
plasma
level,
coagulation
tests
coagulation
factors
should
investigated
neonates.
Cases
hypoglycaemia
have been reported
in neonates whose
mothers have taken
valproate
during
third
trimester
of the pregnancy.
Cases
hypothyroidism
have been reported
in neonates whose
mothers have taken
valproate
during
pregnancy.
Withdrawal
syndrome (such as,
particular,
agitation, irritability,
heperexcitability,
jitterness,
hyperkinesia,
tonicity
disorders,
Therefore,
platelet
count,
fibrinogen
plasma
level,
coagulation
tests
coagulation
factors
should
investigated in neonates.
Cases
hypoglycaemia
have
been
reported
neonates
whose
mothers
have
taken
valproate
during
third
trimester of the pregnancy.
Cases of hypothyroidism have
been
reported
neonates
whose
mothers
have
taken
valproate during pregnancy.
Withdrawal syndrome (such as,
in particular, agitation, irritability,
heperexcitability,
jitterness,
hyperkinesia, tonicity disorders,
tremor, convulsions and feeding
disorders)
occur
neonates whose mothers have
taken valproate during the last
trimester of pregnancy.
Lactation
Sodium
valproate
excretion
breast
milk
(between
1%-10%
maternal serum levels).
Hematological disorders have been
shown in breast-fed newborns/infants of
treated women (see Section 4.8).
A decision must be made whether to
discontinue breast-feeding or to
discontinue/abstain from Depalept
therapy taking into account the benefit of
breast-feeding for the child and the
benefit of therapy for the woman
Fertility
Amenorrhoea, polycystic ovaries and
increased testosterone levels have been
reported in women using valproate (see
Section 4.8). Valproate administration
may also impair fertility in men (in
particular, decreased sperm motility)
(see Section 4.8). Case reports indicate
that fertility dysfunctions are reversible
after treatment discontinuation.
tremor, convulsions
feeding
disorders)
occur
neonates
whose
mothers
have
taken
valproate
during
the last trimester of
pregnancy.
Lactation
Sodium valproate excretion
breast
milk
(between
1%-10%
maternal serum levels).
Based on literature and
clinical experience,
breastfeeding can be
envisaged, taking into
account the valproate
safety profile, especially
hematological disorders.
Undesirable
effects
Congenital,
familial
genetic
disorders
Congenital
malformations
neuro-
developmental disorders (see Sections
4.4 and 4.6).
Sedation
urinary incontinence
nail and nail bed disorders
obesity
.
.
menstrual irregularities
Overdose
Measures to be undertaken
in a hospital setting should
be symptomatic: gastric
evacuation may be useful
up to 10 to 12 hours
following ingestion,
monitoring of cardio-
respiratory function.
The clinical signs of massive acute
poisoning usually include a calm coma,
which may be more or less deep, with
muscule hypotonia, hyporeflexia, miosis,
reduced respiratory autonomy and
metabolic acidosis, hypotension and
collapse/ cardiovascular shock.
A few cases of intracranial hypertension
related to cerebral edema have been
described.
Patient management in a hospital setting
includes: gastric lavage if indicated,
maintenance of effective diuresis,
cardiorespiratory monitoring. In very
serious cases, extra-renal purification
may be performed if necessary.
Naloxone has been successfully used in
a few isolated cases. In case of massive
overdose, hemodialysis and
hemoperfusion have been used
successfully.
The prognosis of such poisoning is
generally favorable. However a few
deaths have been reported.
In the event of overdose, the sodium
content in formulations containing
valproate can lead to hypernatremia.
ב"צמ נמוסמ ובש ,ןולעה תו
תורמחהה שקובמה תו והצ עקר לע
ב
לע העדוה לע העדוה לע העדוה ( הרמחה ( הרמחה ( הרמחה
עדימ עדימ עדימ ל ןולעב )תוחיטב ל ןולעב )תוחיטב ל ןולעב )תוחיטב ןכרצ ןכרצ ןכרצ
ןכדועמ( ןכדועמ( ןכדועמ(
.202.20
.202.20
.202.20
ךיראת
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1109/01/92
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דעוימ הז ספוט ה טורפל דבלב תורמחה
תושקובמה תורמחהה
ןולעב קרפ
יחכונ טסקט
שדח טסקט
המדקה
דע ןולעה תא ןויעב ארק שמתשת םרטב ופוס .הפורתב ליכמ הז ןולע .הפורתה לע יתיצמת עדימ ,תופסונ תולאש ךל שי םא לא וא אפורה לא הנפ .חקורה
לופיטל המשרנ וז הפורת תוא ריבעת לא .ךתלחמב
קיזהל הלולע איה .םירחאל יכ ךל הארנ םא וליפא םהל .המוד םתלחמ
הרהזא
םידולי
תוהמיאל
ולטנש
טאורפלאו
ךלהמב
ןויריהה
םיאצמנ
ןוכיסב
רבגומ
תוערפהל
תויתוחתפתה
תושק כ(
דע
)םירקמהמ
םימומלו
םידלומ
ךרעב(
)םירקמהמ
םא
ךנה
השיא
ליגב
תוירופה
וא
םא
ךנה
יריהב ןו
אפורה
םושרי
ךל
טאורפלאו
קר
םא
םילופיט
םירחא
םניא
םימיאתמ
לע
םישנ
ליגב
תוירופה
שמתשהל
יעצמאב
העינמ
םיליעי
ךלהמב
לופיטה
רישכתב
הז
ןיא
קיספהל
תא
שומישה
רישכתב
אלל
תוצעוויה
תמדקומ
םע
אפורה
לפטמה
הדימב
תורמלו
שומישה
יעצמאב
העינמ
תסנכנ
ןוירהל
אל
ןנכותמ
ינפ
ןפואב
ידיימ
אפורל
לפטמה
לע
תנמ
ןודל
תויורשפאב
לופיטל
יפולח
תדימב
רשפאה
ףסונב
ןולעל
,
רישכתל
טפלפד
םייק
סיטרכ
עדימ
יתוחיטב
לפוטמל
.
סיטרכ
הז
ליכמ
עדימ
יתוחיטב
בושח
,
ךילעש
תעדל
,
ינפל
תלחתה
לופיטה
ךלהמבו
לופיטה
טפלפדב
.
שי
ןייעל
סיטרכב
עדימ
יתוחיטב
לפוטמל
ןולעבו
ןכרצל
םרטב
תליחת
שומישה
רישכתב
.
שי
רומשל
תא
סיטרכה
ןויעל ףסונ
תדימב
ךרוצה
.
םרטב ופוס דע ןולעה תא ןויעב ארק .הפורתב שמתשת
אורקל ךרטצתו ןכתיי ,הז ןולע לע רומש .בוש וב
.הפורתה לע יתיצמת עדימ ליכמ הז ןולע אפורה לא הנפ ,תופסונ תולאש ךל שי םא חקורה לא וא
ריבעת לא .ךרובע המשרנ וז הפורת םהל קיזהל הלולע איה .םירחאל התוא .המוד םתלחמ יכ ךל הארנ םא וליפא
הפורת
וז
הניא
תדעוימ
ךרדב
ללכ
םידליל
לקשמב
ךומנ
"
םא
תעפות
יאוול
הרימחמ
וא
םא
העיפוה
תעפות
יאוול
אלש
תניוצמ
ןולעב
הז
אנא
הנפ
אפורל
וא
חקורל
ןיא שמתשהל הפורתב
)יגרלא( שיגר התא לכל וא ליעפה רמוחל םיביכרמהמ דחא הליכמ רשא םיפסונה ףיעס האר( הפורתה
ליעפה רמוחל )יגרלא( שיגר ךנה הפורתה יביכרממ דחאל וא ףיעס האר(
)ףסונ עדימ
תרחא הפורתל שיגר ךנה ,טאורפלויד( טאורפלו תחפשממ )דימורפלו
תלחממ לבוס ךנה בכ
( ד
דבכ תקלד ןוגכ וא ,תינורכ וא הרומח והשימ וא ךנה
םא לבוס /לבס ךתחפשממ הרומח דבכ תלחממ י"ע המרגנ םא דחוימב ךנה םא וא תופורת ריפרופמ לבוס הי תידבכ
ןיווקולפמ לטונ ךנה
םע ףוריצב
St. Johns
wort
ןוגכ( דבכ תלחממ לבוס ךנה וא ,תינורכ וא הרומח דבכ תקלד ךנה
םא
לבוס
היריפרופמ )תידבכ
ךתחפשממ והשימ וא ךנה םא דבכ תלחממ לבוס וא לבס י"ע המרגנ םא דחוימב ,הרומח תופורתב שומיש
םע ףוריצב שמתשהל ןיא
Johns wort
וא )ןואכדב לופיטל( )הירלמב לופיטל( ןיווקולפמ םע
תוערפהמ םילבוסה םילוחב האצותכ ,תילאירדנוכוטימ
היצטוממ
ןגב
POLG
שמל
תנומסתמ
Alpers
Huttenlocher
םידליבו
תחתמ
ליגל
םייתנש
םידושחש
תוערפהב
תורושקה
היצטומל
ןגב
POLG
תוערפהמ םילבוסה םילוחב )האירוא( ןנתש לגעמב
תודחוימ תורהזא שומישל תועגונה :הפורתב
הפורתב שמתשהל ןיא ינפל אפורב ץעוויהל ילבמ לופיטה תלחתה
םא
ךניה
ירה תננכתמ ,ןו ןוירהב תאש תבשוח
הקינמ וא ןוירהב
תנתינ הפורתה םא ליגל תחתמ דליל
תופורת םע בולישב תויטפליפאיטנא דליל שיש וא תורחא וא תיגולוריונ הלחמ תרחא תילובטמ הרומח היספליפאו
וא לבוס ךניה םא יוקילמ רבעב תלבס ,דבכה :דוקפתב םדה תכרעמ ,הילכה ,)'וכו השירק ןוגכ(
רובע קר( תרכו ,)פוריסב שומישה תיתנמדא תבאז
SYSTEMIC
LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOSU
,תילובטמ הערפה הערפה דוחיב הרושקה תיתשרות יזנאב רסוחל םימ
: ומכ
Urea cycle
disorder
תורהזא
תופסונ
:
הפורתה תא תתל ןיא ליגב םישנ ,תורענ ,תודליל אלא ,ןוירהב םישנו תוירופה ואצמנ םייפולח םילופיט םא .םימיאתמ יתלב
תוירופה ליגב םישנ תוכירצ הפורתב תולפוטמה הל העינמ יעצמאב שמתש השיאש הרקמב .םיליעי הפורתה תא תלטונש הילע ,ןוירה תננכתמ אפורה םע ץעייתהל תורשפא יבגל לפטמה .יפולח לופיטל רובעל
םד תריפסב הערפהל םורגל הלולע וז הפורת םורגל ,דואמ םירידנ םירקמבו ,םימומידלו בלבלב וא )דבכ תקלד( דבכב תולחמל לולעש ,)בלבל תקלד( תורומח תויהל תו .םייח ןכסלו
םד תוקידב עוציבל ךתוא הנפי ךאפור ב דוחייב ,דבכ ידוקפת תכרעהל
םישדוח .לופיטה לש םינושאר
ועיפוה םא דימ אפורב ץעוויהל ךילע :תואבה תועפותה
,תושישת ,ןובאית רסוח ,תימואתפ תופייע .השלוח ,םיילגרב תוחיפנ ,םונמנ
אכ ,תוליחב ,תורזוח תואקה תבהצ ,ןטב ב .)בוהצ רוע וא תובוהצ םייניע(
ןוזמל שיגר ךנה םא הפורתל וא והשלכ עידוהל ךילע ,יהשלכ אפורל ךכ לע
תליטנ ינפל
רתה .הפו
תולבקמה םישנש עודי ןוכיסב ןה וז הפורת דלי תדלל הובג רתוי םישנ תמועל םומ םע םומל ןוכיסה .תורחא תחקול ךנה םא לדג תופורת תויטפליפאיטנא ליבקמב תורחא .וז הפורת תחיקלל
םורגל לולע הז רישכת הז רישכת.רבועל קזנל תויעבל םורגל לולע םדה תשירקב ודלונש תוקוניתב יאל ולטנש תוהמ רישכת לש תוחתפתהה.הז םאל םידלונש םידלי הפורתה תא הלטנש הלולע ןויריהה ךלהמב ךנה םא ןכל.עגפיהל שמתשהל ןיא ןוירהב ילבמ הפורתב ינפל אפורב ץעוויהל םא .לופיטה תלחתה וז הפורתל תפשחנ ,ןויריהה ךלהמב שילשב דחוימב ץעוויהל ךילע ,ןושארה יזכרממ דחא םע ועייה םייגולוטרטה ץ ןוכיסה תכרעה םשל .רבועב העיגפל
םא וא ןוירה תננכתמ ךנה דשח ךלצא םייק אפורב יצעוויה ןוירהל .דימ
תא לוטיל קיספהל ןיא תוצעוויה אלל הפורתה .אפור םע
ליגב םישנל ץלמומ תא תולטונש תוירופה שמתשהל הפורתה העינמ יעצמאב לופיטה ךלהמב .הפורתב
ינ עוציב ינפל גוסמ חות םייניש לופיט( והשלכ .ןוכנ הפורתה תא לטונ
רפס ,טפלפדב לופיטה ינפל :םא ךאפורל
דבכה דוקפתב יוקילמ לבוס ךנה
םדה תכרעמב יוקילמ לבוס ךנה )'וכו השירק ןוגכ(
יא( תוילכ תלחממ לבוס ךנה .)תוילכ תקיפס
מ לבוס ךנה תיתנמדא תבאז
SYSTEMIC LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOSUS
,תילובטמ הערפהמ לבוס ךנה תיתשרות הערפה דוחיב : ומכ םימיזנאב רסוחל הרושקה
Urea cycle disorder
הלולעש הינומאה תומר תיילעל םורגל .םדב
שי
החפשמב
ךלש
הירוטסיה
לש
היספליפא
העיגפ
תיתוחתפתה
תויעב
תויגולורינ
תונרגימ
שק תו
ךנה
לבוס
רסחמ
יזנאב
carnitine
palmitoyltransferase (CPT)
type II
הרקמב
הז
םייק
ןוכיס רבגומ
קוריפל
רירש
םילטונשכ
טפלפד
דגנ ףסונ לופיט לטונ ךדלי תלחממ לבוס וא היספליפא תורוצ וא תילובטמ וא תיגולוריונ .היספליפא לש תורומח
ץעוויהל ילבמ הפורתב שמתשהל ןיא
םא לופיטה תלחתה ינפל אפור
ינפל והשלכ גוסמ חותינ עוציב שי )ףוחד לופיט וא םייניש לופיט( טפלפד לטונ ךנהש אפורל חוודל
םא ידיימ ןפואב אפורב ץעוויהל שי םא וא ,םיסוכרפה תורידתב היילע שי .הנוש םיסוכרפ גוס הווח ךנה
היילעל םורגל הלולע וז הפורת ל ךאפורב ץעוויה .לקשמב תוטיש יבג .ףוג לקשמ לע הרימש
הלולע תותיווע דגנ תופורת תליטנ וא תולועפל ןוכיסה תא ריבגהל ינב לעו ךילע .תוינדבוא תובשחמ בצמב םייונישל בל םישל ךתחפשמ .םישעמבו תוגהנתהה יסופדב ,חורה לע םידיעמה םינמיס ירחא בוקעל שי וא םירוביד :ןוגכ תודבאתהל ןוכיס ןוצר לע תובשחמ
,ךמצעל קיזהל תוקחרתהו ךמצע ךותב תוסנכתה הרמחה וא ןואכיד ,םירבחו החפשממ אשונב תוקסעתה ,םייק ןואכידב םיסכנ לש הריסמ וא הרקפה ,תוומה שי )ףוחד לופיט וא ךנהש אפורל חוודל טפלפד ת/לטונ
לופיטה ךשמב םיכירצ וז הפורתב תחיקלמ ענמיהל תוליכמה תופורת הצמוח( ןיריפסא )תיליצילס ליטצא
דגנ תופורת תליטנ ריבגהל הלולע תותיווע וא תולועפל ןוכיסה תא .תוינדבוא תובשחמ ינב לעו ךילע
בל םישל ךתחפש ,חורה בצמב םייונישל תוגהנתהה יסופדב בוקעל שי .םישעמבו םידיעמה םינמיס ירחא תודבאתהל ןוכיס לע וא םירוביד :ןוגכ ןוצר לע תובשחמ ,ךמצעל קיזהל ךמצע ךותב תוסנכתה החפשממ תוקחרתהו וא ןואכיד ,םירבחו ,םייק ןואכידב הרמחה אשונב תוקסעתה וא הרקפה ,תוומה יסמ ירקי םיסכנ לש הר .ךרע
ליגל תחתמ םידלי
םילטונה דחוימב לופיטל תופורת רפסמ היספליפאב
םיאצמנ :ל רתוי הובג ןוכיסב רוגיפ ,תיחומ העיגפ ,ילכש
genetic
metabolic
degenerative
disease
הלחמ( . תינווינ תילובטמ )תיתשרות
ןטב באכ עיפומ םא תונפל שי ףירח לש הרקמב .אפורל בלבלב הפירח תקלד לופיט קיספהל שי טפלפדב
ןוכיסה ( בלבלב הפירח תקלדל ןוכיסה .םידליב רקיעב )ליגב הילעה םע דרוי
תכירצמ ענמיהל שי ךלהמב לוהוכלא תובשחמ תועיפומו הדימב .ךרע ירקי .דימ אפורל תונפל שי ,הז גוסמ
ליגל תחתמ םידלי
דחוימב , לופיטל תופורת רפסמ םילטונה ,היספליפאב הובג ןוכיסב םיאצמנ ,ילכש רוגיפ ,תיחומ העיגפ :ל רתוי
genetic metabolic
degenerative disease
הלחמ( . )תיתשרות תינווינ תילובטמ
רושק ,טפלפדב חווט ךורא שומיש היושעש ,םצעה תופיפצב הדיריל הינפואטסוא ,סיזורפואטסואל ליבוהל .םירבשל ןוכיסב הילעו
הפורת
וז
הלולע
םורגל
הערפה
תריפסב
םד
םימומידלו
אפורה
הנפי
ךתוא
ינפל
תליחת
לופיטה
םגו וכלהמב
עוציבל
תוקידב
םד
וללכיש
תריפס
םד
תקידבו
ידוקפת
השירק
הבוגת
תיגרלא
הפירח
תללוכה
םינימסת
ןוגכ
םוח
תלדגה
תוטולב
הפמיל
תוברועמו
לש
תוכרעמ
ףוג
תופסונ
םע
וא
ילב
החירפ
תירוע הנוכמ(
DRESS
.הפורתב שומיש
חווט ךורא שומיש רושק ,טפלפדב תופיפצב הדיריל היושעש ,םצעה ליבוהל ,סיזורפואטסואל הילעו הינפואטסוא ןוכיסב .םירבשל
יאמ לבוס התא םא שי,תוילכ תקיפס ןוויכמ אפורל תונפל תמאתהב ךרוצ ןכתייש .ןונימ
זורכוס ליכמ פוריסה
תויצקרטנא
םיטליצילסו ןיריפסא
לע תועיפשמה תופורת םיבצעה תכרעמ :ןוגכ( תיזכרמה ,העגרהל תופורת ומכ הנישל ,םיניפזאידוזנב תופורת תופורת,ןוסניקרפל גוסמ היספליפאל , ,לטיברבונפ ,ןיאוטינפ
ןודימיריפו ןיפזמברק
תשירק דגנ תופורת )ןירפרוו( םד
ןואכד דגנ תופורת פימיא( ןימאר
לועיש דגנ תופורת תוננטצהו
תכרעמל תופורת ימלוב גוסמ םיבצעה זדיסקואנימאונומ
ןיגירטומל
םנפיברק ,טמבלפ , ,םנפינפ ,םנפימיא ומכ םנפאברק ,םנפורמו םנוארטזא
,)תוקיטויביטנא ,טרמיפוט
, ןיפידומינ ,ןידופודיז ,ןיציפמאפיר ,ןידיטימיס
ידגונ ,ןיצימורתיריא ת השירק ןימטיו ייול
)ןירפרוו(
תא לטונ התא םא ,טפלפד לוטיל ןיא :תואבה תופורתה
ןיווקולפמ
הירלמב לופיטל הפורת
St John`s wort
אפרמ חמצ .ןואכידב לופיטל
לטונ התא םא ךלש אפורה תא ןכדעל ךילע גירטומל
לופיטל תפסונ הפורת( ןי םימנפה תצובקמ תופורת וא )היספליפיאב הצובק(
םימוהיזב לופיטל תוקיטויביטנא לש .)םנפינפ ,םנפימיא ,םנפורמ ןוגכ ,םייקדייח
ליגל תחתמ םידליב דוחייב
ענמיהל שי , ךשמב ןיריפסא תוליכמה תופורתב שומישמ .הפורתב לופיטה
התא םא חקורה וא אפורה תא עדייל שי :תואבה תופורתה תא חקול
תכרעמ לע תועיפשמה תופורת רמה םיבצעה תיזכ
הנישלו העגרהל תופורת :ןוגכ םיניפזאידוזנב ומכ
ןוסניקרפב לופיטל תופורת
ןוגכ ןואכד דגנ תופורת יבכעמ ,ןימארפימיא )זדיסקואנימאונומ
תוננטצהו לועיש דגנ תופורת
ןוגכ היספליפאב לופיטל תופורת ,ןיאוטינפ ,לטיברבונפ ןיאוטינפסופ ןודימיריפ ןיפזמברק , טמריפוט ,טאמבלפ,
דימניפור
:ןוגכ תוקיטויבטנא ,םנוארטזא
ןיציפמאפיר
ןיצימורתיריא
ןימטיו ייולת השירק ידגונ
ןוגכ ןירפרוו
ןידופודיז ריבנוטיר ,ריבניפול ,
םוהיז םע םילוחב לופיטל
ןידיטמיס
.הביקב תויצמוח דגנ
ןיפידומינ
םידירו תורציה דגנ שמשמ יחומ םומיד תעב
ןיפאיטווק
לוא ןיפזנ
לופיטל
תולחמב
שפנ
ןימארטסלוכ
הפורת
תדרוהל
לורטסלוכ
דימלוזוטצא
הקנהו ןוירה
ילבמ הפורתב שמתשהל ןיא תלחתה ינפל אפורב ץעוויהל לופיטה
ךניה םא
תננכתמ ,ןוירהב תאש תבשוח ,ןוירה הקינמ וא ןוירהב
תורהזא" ףיעסב םג יאר .ליעל "תופסונ
םא
ךנה
השיא
ליגב
ופה תויר
אפורה
םושרי
ךל
הפורת
וז
קר
םא
םילופיט
םייפולח
ואצמנ
יתלב
םימיאתמ
טאורפלאו
לולע
קיזהל
רבועל
רשאכ
חקלנ
ןמזב
ןויריה
ןוכיסה
הלוע
םע
ןונימה
ךא
םייק
לכב
םינונימה
םידלי
ופשחנש
טאורפלול
םחרב
םיאצמנ
ןוכיסב
הובג
םימומל
םידלומ
םישק
תוערפהלו
תויתוחתפתה
.
םימומ
םידלומ
וחוודש
םיללוכ
) spina bifida
םגפ
יתוחתפתה
וב
דומע
הרדשה
וניא
חתפתמ
)הניקת הרוצב
םימומ
םינפב
הפשב
הנוילע
ךחב
תלוגלוגבו
םימומ
בלב
תוילכב
תכרעמב
ןתשה
ירביאבו
ןימה
םימגפ
םייפגב
אצמנ
יכ
לצא
םישנ
תולטונש
טאורפלאו
ךרעב
11
תוקונית
ךותמ
100
דלונ םי
םע
םימגפ
םידלומ
.
האוושהב תאזו
ל
-
3
-
2
תוקונית
ראשב
הייסולכואה
.
כ
-
40%
-
30
םידלימ
ליגב
ןגה
תוהמיאל
ולטנש
טאורפלו
ךלהמב
ןויריה
,
םילולע
לובסל
תויעבמ
תויתוחתפתה
,
ןוגכ
:
בוכיע
הכילהב
רובידו
,
הערפה
ןורכיזב
,
תלוכי
תילכש
הכומנ
רתוי
,
םיישק
הפשב רובידבו
.
תוערפה
פסהמ םורטק
יטסיטואה
תונחבואמ
םיתיעל
תובורק
רתוי
יפ
לצא
םידלי
ופשחנש
טאורפלול
םימייק
םינותנ
םימיוסמ
םיארמה
םידליש
ופשחנש
טאורפלול
םחרב
םיטונ
רתוי
חתפל
םינימסת
לש תוערפה
בשק
זוכירו
(ADHD)
םרט
ןתמ
הפורתה
ריבסי
ךל
אפורה
תא
םינוכיסה
םיירשפאה
ךקוניתל
הרקמב
הפישח
ךלהמב טאורפלול
ןויריהה
הדימב
יטילחתו
ךשמהב
יכ
ךנוצרב
סנכיהל
ןויריהל
ןיא
קיספהל
לוטיל
תא
הפורתה
םרט תוצעייתה
םע
אפורה
לפטמה
תניחבו
תורשפא
תפלחהל
לופיטה
תדימב
רשפאה
יצעייתה
םע
אפורה
ךלש
יבגל
תליטנ
הצמוח
תילופ
ןמזב
תאש
הסנמ
סנכיהל
ןויריהל
תליטנ
הצמוח
תילופ ינפל
ןויריה
הלוכי
ןיטקהל
תא
ןוכיסה
םימגפל
תריגסב
דומע
הרדשה
תולפהו
בלשב
םדקומ
רשא
םייק
תונוירהה לכב
תעינמ
םימגפ
םידלומ
םילולעה
רצוויהל
האצותכ
תליטנמ
טאורפלו
תרזעב
הצמוח
תילופ
אל החכוה
םא
וז
םעפ
הנושאר
ומשרש
ךל
טאורפלו
אפורה
ריבסי
ךל
תא
יסה םינוכ
םיירשפאה
ךקוניתל
הרקמב
הפישח לש
טאורפלול
ךלהמב
ןויריהה
הדימב
ךנהו
השא
ליגב
תוירופה
,
ךילע
שמתשהל
יעצמאב
העינמ
םיליעי
ךלהמב
לופיטה
רישכתב
יצעייתה
םע
אפור
םישנ
ךלש
יבגל
יעצמא
העינמ
םיליעי
תודוקנ
תובושח
:
יאדוו
תאש
תשמתשמ
יעצמאב
העינמ
םיליעי
ירפס
אפורל
ןפואב
ידיימ
םא
תא
ןויריהב
וא
תבשוח
תאש
היושע
תויהל
ןויריהב
ךשמה
לופיט
טאורפלוב
תאשכ
אל
תננכתמ
ןויריה
.
יאדוו
יכ
תא
תשמתשמ
יעצמאב
העינמ
םיליעי
ךלהמב
לכ
תפוקת
לופיטה
רישכתב
יצעייתה
םע
םישנה אפור
ךלש
יבגל
יעצמא
העינמ
םיליעי
תודוקנ
תובושח
:
יאדוו
תאש
תשמתשמ
יעצמאב
העינמ
םיליעי
ירפס
אפורל
םא
תא
ןויריהב
וא
תבשוח
תאש
היושע
תויהל
ןויריהב
הדימב
ךנהו
תננכתמ
ןוירה
:
ןיא
קיספהל
תא
שומישה
רישכתב
םרט
תוצעייתה
םע
אפורה
.לפטמה
שי
ץעוויהל
םע
אפורה
לפטמה
םרט
הסינכה
ןוירהל
תדימב
רשפאה
לע
תנמ
ןיטקהל
תא
ןוכיסה
ךקוניתל
אפורה
ךלש
יושע
טילחהל
ןיטקהל
תא
ןונימה
לש
טאורפלו
וא
ךריבעהל
לופיטל
רחא
ינפל
יליחתתש
תורהל תוסנל
םא
תסנכנ
ןויריהל
ךילע
תויהל
חוקיפב
יאופר
דומצ
םג
לשב
ךבצמ
יאופרה
םגו
לע
תנמ
קודבל
תוחתפתה תא
רבועה
ירבד
םע
אפורה
ךלש
לע
תליטנ
הצמוח
תילופ
תאשכ
הסנמ
סנכיהל
יריהל ןו
תליטנ
הצמוח
תילופ
ינפל
הלוכי ןויריה
ןיטקהל
תא
ןוכיסה
םימגפל
תריגסב
דומע
הרדשה
תולפהו
בלשב
םדקומ
רשא
םייק
לכב
תונוירהה
תעינמ ךא
םימגפ
םידלומ
תרזעב
הצמוח
תילופ
לצא
תולטונה
טאורפלו
אל
החכוה
דע
םויה
תודוקנ
תובושח
:
לא
יקיספת
שמתשהל
יעצמאב
העינמ
ינפל
תאש
תצעייתמ
םע
אפורה
תמכסמו
ותא
דחי
תינכות
ךשמה
רשפאיש לופיט
טולשל
לע
היספליפאה
ןיטקהלו
תא
ןוכיסה
רבועל
ירפס
אפורל
םא
תא
ןויריהב
וא
תבשוח
תאש
היושע
תויהל
ןויריהב
ןויריה
אל
ןנכותמ
ןמזב
לופיטה
טאורפלאוב
םידלי
ופשחנש
טאורפלול
םחרב
םיאצמנ
ןוכיסב
הובג
םימומל
ומ םידל
םישק
תוערפהלו
תויתוחתפתה
םא
תא
תלטונ
טאורפלו
תאו
תבשוח
תאש
היושע
תויהל
ןויריהב
ינפ
אפורל
דימ
ירבד
םע
אפורה
ךלש
לע
תליטנ
הצמוח
תילופ
תאשכ
הסנמ
סנכיהל
ןויריהל
תליטנ
הצמוח
תילופ
ינפל
הלוכי ןויריה
ןיטקהל
תא
ןוכיסה
םימגפל
תריגסב
דומע
הרדשה
תולפהו
בלשב
םדקומ
רשא
םייק
לכב
תונוירהה
תעינמ ךא
םימגפ
םידלומ
תרזעב
הצמוח
תילופ
לצא
תולטונה
טאורפלו
אל
החכוה
דע
םויה
תודוקנ
תובושח
:
ירפס
אפורל
דימ
םא
תא
ןויריהב
וא
תבשוח
תאש
היושע
תויהל
ןויריהב
לא
יקיספת
תא
תליטנ
טאורפלו
דע
אפורהש
אל
הרוי
ךל
תושעל
תאז
יאדוו
תארקש
תנבהו
תא
עדימה
תלפוטמל
ןתינש
ךל
"
אפורה
הרקמב
לש
תולאש
יצעייתה
םע
אפור
חקור וא
הקנה
ןיא
קינהל
תעב
לופיטה
טפלפדב
אלא
םא
ןכ
ץלמוה
תרחא
"
אפורה
שי
ץעוויהל
אפורב
וא
חקורב
תליחת ינפל
לופיט
לכב
הפורת
שומישו הגיהנ תונוכמב
לולע וז הפורתב שומישה ב םוגפל בייחמ ןכ לעו תונרע ,בכרב הגיהנב תוריהז תונכוסמ תונוכמ תלעפהב .תונרע תבייחמה תוליעפ לכבו
םריהזהל שי םידליל רשאב וא םיינפוא לע הביכרמ שיבכה תברקב םיקחשממ .המודכו
תונרעב םוגפל לולע וז הפורתב שומיש םע בולישב תחקלנ איהו הדימב דוחייב א היספליפא דגנ תורחא תופורת תופורת ו .תוינונשיל תומרוגה
הדימב וא וז העפות הווח התא םא התאו הטילשב אל ןיידע ךלש היספליפאהו וא גוהנל ןיא ,םיסוכרפמ לובסל ךישממ .תונכוסמ תונוכמב שמתשהל
לע הביכרמ םריהזהל שי םידליל רשאב שיבכה תברקב םיקחשממ וא םיינפוא .המודכו
שמתשת דציכ ?הפורתב
ב תלטנ םא ןונימ תועט םידליל ללכ ךדב תדעוימ הניא וז הפורת מ ךומנ לקשמב
.ג"ק
רתוי הובג
םיללוכ םינמיסה ,ילוח תשוחת :רתיה ןיב םייניעה ינושיא ,תוליחב ,רתוי םינטק תויהל םיכפוה ,הרכה ןדבוא ,תרוחרחס ,םישלחומ םיסקלפר תויעב ,םירירש תשלוח ,שאר יבאכ ,המישנ ןדבוא ,לובלב ,םיסוכרפ תאצוי תוגהנתהו ןורכיז הדירי ,תמלוה יתלב וא ןפוד ץחלב תויעב ,םדה /םדה ילכ/בלה תכרעמב ,קוש
בצמב רופיש לח םא םג לופיטה קיספהל ןיא ,ךתואירב םע תוצעייתה אלל הפורתב .חקורה וא אפורה
רתוי הובג ןונימ תועטב תלטנ םא
םא וא אפורל דימ הנפ ,הפורתה ןמ דלי עלב תועטב
תזירא אבהו םילוח תיב לש ןוימ רדחל וא .ךתיא הפורתה
:תואבה תועפותהמ לובסל לולע ךנה ,םיסקלפרב הדירי ,םירירש תשלוח ,תמדרת תצמח ,המישנב העיגפ ,םינושיא תוצווכתה .םלהו םד ץחלב הדירי ,תילובטמ
שורדה ןמזב וז הפורת לוטיל תחכש םא
ןיא האבה הנמה תא חק .הלופכ הנמ לוטיל ןמזב .אפורב ץעוויהו ליגרה
ידי לע ץלמוהש יפכ לופיטב דימתהל שי םינמזב וז הפורתב שמתשהל שי .אפורה .לפטמה אפורה ידי לע עבקנש יפכ םיבוצק
טפלפד לוטיל קיספמ ךנה םא
ץתעייתהל ילבמ טפלפדב לופיט קיספהל ןיא .ךתואירב בצמב רופיש לח םא םג ,אפור םע בתהל הכירצ לופיטה תקספה ןפואב עצ .יתגרדה
הדימב
ךנהו
קיספמ
לופיט
טפלפדב
ןפואב
ידימ
וא
אל
יפל
תייחנה
ךאפור
ךנה
לולע
תויהל
ןוכיסב
םיסוכרפל רבגומ
יאוול תועפות
התא םא אפורל דימ תונפל שי יאוולה תועפות תא הווח תואבה
תיגרלא הבוגת
לולכל םילולע םינמיסה ,המישנ יישק ,החירפ ה תוחפנתה ,םייתפש וא ןורגה ,םינפה ןושלה
הרזומ תוגהנתה
וז הפורת םא דחוימב םע בולישב תחקלנ םא וא לטיברבונפ הלעוה וז הפורת ןונימ ימואתפ ןפואב
לש תינאטנופס העפוה ,םימומיד וא תורובח םד תשירקב תויעב
לש הדרפה םע תועוב רועה
הפורת תורידנ םיתיעל םורגל הלוכי וז בכב תולחמל וא ד ולא תועפות .בלבלב ב תושחרתמ ברל
לופיטה ישדוח .םינושארה תועפותה :תוללוכ ,לובלב ,םירזוח םיסוכרפ רסוח ,םונמנ ,תופייע תא הווח התא םא אפורל דימ תונפל שי תואבה יאוולה תועפות
-
תולחמל םורגל הלוכי וז הפורת תקלד( בלבלב וא )דבכ תקלד( דבכב בלבלב תורומח תויהל תולולעש ,) תוחיכש ןניא ולא תועפות .םייח ןכסלו םע תוימואתפב ליחתהל תולוכיו ,ןובאית ןדבוא ,תופייע ,השלוח םיתיעלש ,תוינונשי ,תושישת .ןטב באכו האקה םע תרשוקמ
םירקמב
םירידנ
תעפוה
החירפ
לע
רועה
הוולמה
םיתעל
תעפוהב
תויחופלש
תולולעש
ברעל
תא
רוזא הפה
,(erythema multiforme)
תעפוה
תויחופלש
םע
תודרפיה
רועה
הלוכיש
סרפתהל
תוריהמב
לע
ינפ
לכ
ףוגה
םייח ןכסלו
.(toxic epidermal necrolysis,
Johnson syndrome)
Steven
:תללוכה תיגרלא הבוגת
םינפה לש תימואתפ תוחיפנ ישוקל תמרוגש האווצה וא/ו םייח תנכסמו המישנב מדאויגנא(
הפירח תיגרלא הבוגת ןוגכ םינימסת תללוכה םוח
,תירוע החירפ תלדגה העיגפ ,הפמיל תוטולב תוקידב תואצות ,תיתיילכ היילע ןוגכ ,תוניקת ןניאש םד תואקה ,ןובאית ,ןטב באכ ,תורזוח ,ןואכיד
,תובצע תבהצ ,הליחב ,השלוח רוע וא תובוהצ םייניע( תקצב , )בוהצ
לש הרמחה וא היספליפאה תיללכ השגרה אל הבוט
טילחי אפורה תוקידבב ךרוצ שי םא ךרוצ שי םא וא םד ףילחהל וא קיספהל .לופיטה תא
:דואמ תוחיכש יאוול תועפות
ליחב ,תו
דער
:תוחיכש יאוול תועפות
לושלש
,םישוח תוהק ,ןטב יבאכ תוינונשי ,םונמנ
דורי ןורכיז
תוינוצר אל תועונת ,שאר יבאכ םייניעה לש תוריהמ
נופיה
הימנר
תוכומנ תומר םדב ןרתנ לש
לקשמב היילע
העימשב הדירי
,הימנא תונפקות
רעיש תרישנ תינמז םייכינחב תולחמ , , תויזה
:תוחיכש אל יאוול תועפות
תויומד תועפות ,תמדרת ןוסניקרפ
היסקטא
החירפ
ישדוחה רוזחמב םייוניש
תומצעב תילובטמ העיגפ ,הינפואטסוא(
ורפואטסוא ,סיז
)םירבש ,יתיילכ לשכ ,
רועיש םיירבג םינייפאמ תעפוה ,רתי החרקה ,הנקא ,השיאה לצא םינומרוה תומרב הילע ,תירבג םייוניש ,םיינגורדנא
רעישב ,)..וכו החימצ ,עבצ,םקרמ( הדירי ( הימרתופיה ,)ףוגה תרוטרפמטב
:תורידנ יאוול תועפות
תוליעפ ,תרבגומ תירוטומוכיספ דימל תוערפה
העיגפ הליל תובטרה ,רבגה תוירופב ןתש ןתמב הטילש רסוח וא
הילכ תויעב
הכיפה היצנמד
בשק תוערפה
אקה ,תו יבאכ ןתש םע םירבסומ אל םירירש ההכ
קוריפ ,סיזילוימודבר( )רירש תמקר
אל תוחיכשב יאוול תועפות :העודי
ןובאיתב היילע
הילע
ןתש תלטהל ךרוצב
תוערפה תכרעמב
כיעה לו
םינבל םד יאת גוסב םיליפוניזואא(
הרזומ תוגהנתה
םא דחוימב םע בולישב תחקלנ וז הפורת וז הפורת ןונימ םא וא לטיברבונפ וה .ימואתפ ןפואב הלע
וא תורובח לש תינאטנופס העפוה .םד תשירקב תויעב ,םימומיד
:תופסונ תוירשפא יאוול תועפות
תינפוג תוחתפתהב תוערפהו םידלומ םימומ )"הקנהו ןוירה" קרפ האר( תישפנו
:תופסונ יאוול תועפות
דואמ תוחיכש יאוול תועפות
(very common)
ב תועיפומש יאוול תועפות דחא שמתשממ רתוי :הרשעמ
תוליחב ,דער
תוחיכש יאוול תועפות
(common)
תועפות ב תועיפומש
ךותמ םישמתשמ
הדירי
תריפסב
יאת
םד
םימודא
)הימנא
תויסטו
(Thrompocytopenia)
היילע
לקשמב
( תירוטומ םיבצע תכרעמב תוערפה תושקונ ,דער :םיללוכ םינימסתה ילה יישקו םייפג יתלב םימעפל ,)הכ .תויכפה קלחב
םירקמהמ
תועפות
תויומד
ןוסניקרפ
תולוכי
תויהל
תוכיפה
תוינונשי
תרוחרחס
העיגפ
ןורכיזב
יבאכ
שאר
תועונת
תוריהמ
אלו
תוינוצר
םייניעב
םיסוכרפ
תושריח
תליחתב
לופיטה
לושלש
תואקה
יבאכ
ןטב
תויעב
םייכינחב
דחוימב
תלדגה
לדוג
ייכינחה
(gingival
hyperplasia )
םיבאכ
תוחיפנו
הפב
םיעצפ
תשוחתו
הבירצ
(stomatitis)
תושיגר
רתי
תרישנ
רעיש
תומר
תוכומנ
לש
ןרתנ
םדב הימרתנופיה(
ןימסת
לש
השרפה
אל
הניקת
לש
antidiuretic hormone
םיבאכ
םישק
ןמזב
רוזחמ
לובלב
היאר( תויזה
וא
העימש
לש
םירבד
אלש
םימייק
תונפקות
תונבצע
תוערפה
בשק
העיגפ
תידבכ
םומיד
תוחיכש ןניאש יאוול תועפות
(Uncommon)
ב תועיפומש תועפות
ללכ ךרדב תופלוח ולא תועפות תפוקת רחאל רצק ןמז ךות .רישכתל תולגתסהה
תוכשמתמ ןהש הדימב םלוא .אפורל י/הנפ ,דרטמ תווהמ וא
ןיב תובוגתו יאוול תועפות :תוקוניתו םידליב תויתפורת
אפורל חוודל םירוהה לע ןכו יאוול תעפות לכ לע לפטמה תנתינה תפסונ הפורת לכ לע /דליל
וז הפורתב לופיטה ךשמב תחיקלמ ענמיהל םיכירצ םידלי ןיריפסא תוליכמה תופורת
)תיליצילס ליטצא הצמוח(
םייתנש ליגל תחתמ תוקונית הפורתמ רתוי םילטונה םידליו ויהי םיסוכרפה דגנכ תחא חתפל תרבגומ היטנ ילעב .תויניצר יאוול תועפות
יאוול תועפות ליעל האר רת ןיב תובוגתו תויתפו .וטרופש תורהזא /תודחוימ
יאוולה תועפותמ תחא םא לבוס התא רשאכ וא ,הרימחמ הרכזוה אלש יאוול תעפותמ םע ץעייתהל ךילע ,ןולעב .אפורה
1000
תיללכ( םד תוירודכ תריפסב הדירי )תונבל תוירודכו
העיגפ
תונרעב
הלוכיש
חתפתהל
תמדרתל
תינמז
םע
הגיסנ
רחאל
תתחפה
ןונימה
וא
קספה
לופיטה
היתפולפצנא
תשוחת
לומינ
ץוצקע
םייפגב
םיישק
ןורכנסב
תועונת
יישק
המישנ
םיבאכו
בקע
תקלד
לש
תומקר
תונגמ
תואירב
(pleural
effusion )
החירפ
לע
רועה
תויעב
רעישב
םייוניש(
הנבמב
רעישה
עבצב
רעיש
וא
תחימצב
)רעיש
וחווד
םירקמ
לש
העיגפ
תילובטמ
תומצעב
ומכ
צע תומ
תוכפוהש
תויהל
תוריבש
רתוי
הינפואטסוא(
תסמב הדירי
םצעה
)סיזורופאוטסא(
םירבשו
ץועייה
אפורב
וא
חקורה
םא
התא
לטונ
לופיט
ךורא
חווט
םע תופורת
יטנא
תויטפליפא
םא
לבוס
וא
תלבס
רבעב
סיזורופואטסואמ
וא
םא
התא
לטונ
םידיאורטסוקיטרוק
םזינגורדנארפיה
םינימסת(
ללוכ םי
רועיש
רתי
תוחתפתה
םינייפאמ
םיירבג
לצא
השיא
הנקא
תרישנ רעיש
תירבג
תיילעו
תומר
ןגורדנא
הדירי
םוחב
ףוג
הימרתופיה
תוקצב
אל
תורומח
םייפגב
רדעיה
תסוו
תקלד
ילכב
םדה
תורידנ יאוול תועפות
(rare)
תועיפומש תועפות , דעב
ךותמ םישמתשמ
1000
לשכ
דוקפתב
חמ
עה םצ
ללוכ
הדירי
תוריפסב
יאת
םד
םימודא
,םינבלו
הימנא
.( macrocytic)
הדירי
ימרוגב
השירק
םימרוגה
תוקידבל
השירק
ןניאש
תוניקת
ןוגכ
תכראה
ןמז
ןיבמורטורפה
ןמזו
.(INR
רסח
תומרב
ןימטיו
ןיטויב
זאדיניטויב
היצנמד
תוערפהו
תויביטינגוק
תועיפומש
הגרדהב
תוגיסנו
פסמ
תועובש
דע
רפסמ
םישדוח
ירחא
לופיטה תקספה
תויעב
הילכ
םיישק
וא
רסוח
תלוכי
הטילש
ןתמב
ןתש
תובטרה(
תובטרהו
)הליל
קזנ
תוילכל
(tubulointerstitial
nephritis )
הבוגת
וטוא
תינומיא
םע
םיבאכ
םיקרפמב
החירפ
תירוע
םוחו
(systemic lupus
erythematosus )
יבאכ
םירירש
תשלו
םירירש
הלוכיש
תויהל
השק
(rhabdomyolysis)
תת
תוליעפ
תטלב
סירתה
העיגפ
חומב
םצעה
גוסמ
Myelodysplastic syndrome
תולחש
תויטסיצילופ
העיגפ
תוירופב
רבגה
תוליעפ
תירוטומוכיספ
תרבגומ
תוערפה
הדימל
תוגהנתה
אל
הניקת
לכב
הרקמ
ובש
ךנה
שיגרמ
תועפות
יאוול
אלש
יוצ ונ
ןולעב
הז
םא
תעפות
יאוול
הווהמ
דרטמ
וא
הרימחמ
וא
לח םא
יוניש
ךתשגרהב
תיללכה
ךילע
ץעייתהל
םע
אפורה
דימ
ןתינ
חוודל
לע
תועפות
יאוול
דרשמל
תואירבה
תועצמאב
ספוטה
ןווקמה
חווידל
לע
תועפות
יאוול
אצמנש
ףדב
תיבה
לש
רתא
דרשמ
תואירבה
www.health.gov.il
וא
"
סינכ
רושיקל
https://forms.gov.il/globaldata/getseq
uence/getsequence.aspx?formType=
AdversEffectMedic@moh.gov.il
@moh.gov.il
ב"צמ נמוסמ ובש ,ןולעה תו
תורמחהה שקובמה תו בוהצ עקר לע
ונמוס תורמחה רדגב םניאש םייוניש )ןולעב(
ו יתוהמ ןכות קר ןמסל שי .הנוש עבצב םוקימב םייוניש אל .טסקטה
..........ךיראתב ינורטקלא ראודב רבעוה
1111111/11
......
תוכיאה תדועת ,םושירה תדועת( םושירה יאנת םע דחא הנקב םילוע םייונישה לכ
.)ינכדעה רישכתה יטרפ ספוטו
אות ,ןולעה תעצהב בותכה לכ .םושירה יאנת תא ם
ל ןולע םייק אפור .םאתהב ןכדועמ אוהו
:השקבל אתכמסא ןכרצל ןולעה ונורכ טפלפד רישכתל רשואמה
לארשי
.ב"צמ אתכמסאה
נה יונישה ב תואירבה תויושר ידי לע רשוא ל"
לארשי
חקורה ,ינא
_ תרבח לש הנוממה טצכ
תוישעת
תוימיכ
מ"עב ןיא יכ הזב ריהצמ_____ , םיפסונ םייוניש .ןולעה תעצהב ונמוסש הלא דבלמ
תימינפ הריתס םירצוי םניא םייונישה יכ ריהצמ ינא
ןולעב עדימב
)'וכו הרמחה ,היוותה תפסותל השקב תרגסמב ןולע ןוכדע :ןוגכ( תרחא תרגסמב ליבקמב לפוטמ אל הז ןולע
תרחא תרגסמב ליבקמ לופיט םייקו הדימב
.תאז ןייצל שי
:)המיתחו םש( הנוממה חקורה תמיתח